PD-1/PD-L1 Activator

Peresolimab is a humanized IgG1-κ antibody targeting to PD-1. Peresolimab potentially stimulates physiological immune inhibitory pathways to restore immune homeostasis. Peresolimab can be used in research of rheumatoid arthritis.

VIPhyb is a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) receptor antagonist. VIPhyb can inhibit VIP signaling, increase T-cell immunity and downregulate PD1. VIPhyb can inhibit cancer cell proliferation. VIPhyb can reduce inflammatory cytokine expression. VIPhyb can enhance viral clearance. VIPhyb can be used for the researches of cancer, infection and inflammation and immunology, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), cytomegalovirus infection and colitis.

Vorbipiprant (CR6086) is an orally active EP4 receptor antagonist with high selectivity for the human EP4 receptor (K_i: 16.6 nM). Vorbipiprant has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and anti-angiogenic activities. Vorbipiprant can inhibit the expression of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activation of immune cells, and convert "cold" tumors unresponsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors into "hot" tumors. Vorbipiprant is used in the research of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and colon cancer.

iMQT_020 is a selective allosteric SLC1A5_var inhibitor. iMQT_020 disrupts the trimeric assembly of SLC1A5_var, causing metabolic crisis in cancer cells and selectively suppressing their growth. iMQT_020 reduces glutamine anaplerosis and oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in a broad disruption of cancer metabolism. iMQT_020 reduces GSH levels and increases cellular ROS and mitochondrial ROS. iMQT_020 induces apoptosis and ferroptosis. iMQT_020 can epigenetically upregulate PD-L1 expression. iMQT_020 can be used for the study of pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, and colon cancer.

LYPLAL1-IN-1 (compound 11) is a selective, covalent, and irreversible inhibitor of the lysophospholipase-like enzyme LYPLAL1 (IC₅₀ = 6 nM). LYPLAL1-IN-1 shows selectivity against other serine hydrolases such as carboxylesterase CES1 (IC₅₀ > 50 μM for CES1). LYPLAL1-IN-1 inhibits the depalmitoylation function of LYPLAL1, blocking its depalmitoylation modification of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), thereby promoting cGAS dimerization and activation, and initiating the cGAS-STING pathway-mediated innate immune response. LYPLAL1-IN-1 can enhance DNA-induced type I interferon production, upregulate PD-L1 expression in tumor cells, and promote the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating CD8⁺ T cells, with the core function of strengthening the anti-tumor immune response. LYPLAL1-IN-1 is primarily used in tumor immunology research, especially in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.

LYP-IN-3 is a selective, orally active and reversible lymphoid-tyrosine phosphatase (LYP) inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 2.55 μM, Ki = 0.93 μM). D34 exhibits high selectivity of PTP1B, PTPN12, PTPN5 and SSH2. LYP-IN-3 regulates the T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling by specifically inhibiting LYP. LYP-IN-3 does not significantly inhibit MC38 cell viability; its anti-tumor effect stems from immune regulation. LYP-IN-3 can significantly upregulate PD-L1 or PD-1 expression in different immune cells. LYP-IN-3 facilitates T-cell infiltration and enhances T-cell functions. LYP-IN-3 synergizes with PD-L1 blockade can significantly improve colorectal tumor regression. LYP-IN-3 can be used for the study of colorectal cancer.

D18 is an immune modulator. D18 acts as a TLR7/8 dual agonist (EC₅₀ = 24 nM for hTLR7 and 10 nM for hTLR8, respectively). D18 increases PD-L1 expression through epigenetic regulation, thus sensitizing tumors to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. D18 is a ADC cytotoxin uesd for the systhesis of ADC HE-S2 (HY-144497). D18 has strong immune activation and anti-tumor activity. D18 commonly used in cancer research, such as colon cancer.

Vidutolimod (CMP-001) is a virus-like particle containing a TLR9 activator. Vidutolimod induces human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to secrete IFNα, and upregulates the gene expression of CXCL10, PDL1, IDO and CD80. Vidutolimod activates TLR9, which in turn triggers plasmacytoid dendritic cell activation, production of IFNγ and TNFα, induction of CXCL10, and recruitment of antitumor T cells. Vidutolimod causes influenza-like symptoms, hypotension and tumor regression, and its activity depends on the presence of anti-Qβ antibodies. Vidutolimod modulates monocyte function, promotes CD4 T cell proliferation, and activates multiple immune cell types in an environment with anti-Qβ antibodies. Vidutolimod prolongs the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Vidutolimod is used in research related to advanced melanoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

ES-072 is an orally effective selective EGFR mutant (EGFR-T790M) inhibitor. ES-072 activates GSK3α by inhibiting EGFR-T790M activity, which promotes phosphorylation of PD-L1 at Ser279 and Ser283. The phosphorylated PD-L1 recruits the E3 ubiquitin ligase ARIH1, leading to ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of PD-L1. This mechanism not only reduces cancer cell growth but also enhances anti-tumor immune response by lowering PD-L1 levels. ES-072 can be used to inhibit proliferation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.

TLR7 agonist 29 (Compound 1) is the agonist for TLR7 with an EC₅₀ of 5.2 nM for human TLR7 (EC₅₀ for mouse TLR7 is 48.2 nM). TLR7 agonist 29 activates bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), stimulates myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment, promotes the expression of PD-L1, CD86 and IFN-α. TLR7 agonist 29 can be used as payload for synthesis of ADC.

Ir-UA is an usnic acid-derived iridium(III) complex that enhances PD-L1 expression and converts "cold tumors" into "hot tumors." Ir-UA stimulates PD-L1 expression by explicitly regulating the PD-L1 transcription factor.

HDAC3-IN-6 (Compound SC26) is a selective HDAC3 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 53 nM. HDAC3-IN-6 dose-dependently induces the expression of PD-L1. HDAC3-IN-6 induces more pronounced Apoptosis and production of ROS. HDAC3-IN-6 exhibits high antitumor efficacy against colorectal cancer.

HSP110-IN-1 is a HSP110 inhibitor. HSP110-IN-1 binds to HSP110, inhibits the activity of STAT3, and downregulates the expression of downstream genes VEGF, MMP7 and MMP9. HSP110-IN-1 abrogates IL-6-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. HSP110-IN-1 remodels the tumor microenvironment by inducing a pro-inflammatory phenotype, regulates macrophages, induces PD-L1 expression, and enhances anti-PD-L1 antibody-mediated tumor regression. HSP110-IN-1 can be used in studies related to colorectal cancer.

Castalagin is an orally active natural product with multiple biological activities including antibacterial activity against bacteria and anti-leishmanial activity against Leishmania aethiopica. Castalagin exhibits inhibitory activity against PARP1 and DNA topoisomerase II, with an IC₅₀ of 0.86 μM for bovine PARP1. Castalagin reduces poly (ADP-ribosyl) ation modification in cells. Castalagin binds to the cell envelope of Ruminococcus bromii, increases the ratio of CD8⁺/FOXP3⁺CD4⁺ T cells in the tumor microenvironment, and acts as a prebiotic to enhance the activity of anti-PD-1 therapy. Castalagin induces morphological changes in Leishmania aethiopica promastigotes and inhibits their proliferation. Castalagin inhibits PBP2a-mediated peptidoglycan layer stabilization, disrupts bacterial peptidoglycan assembly, and inhibits and disintegrates bacterial biofilms. Castalagin can be used in research related to diseases such as cancer, leishmaniasis, and bacterial infections.

Polθ-IN-11 is an orally active DNA polymerase θ (Polθ) ATPase inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 4.3 nM against human targets. Polθ-IN-11 activates the cGAS-STING pathway. Polθ-IN-11 upregulates the expression of PD-L1 in HR-deficient cancer cells. Polθ-IN-11 acts synergistically with PARP inhibition in HR-deficient cancer cells and in vivo xenograft models. Polθ-IN-11 can be used in studies related to HR-deficient cancers.

DPAP is a p-ERK1/2 inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 7.85 μM against p-ERK1/2. DPAP inhibits the expression of p-MEK1/2 and disrupts the Ras-ERK signaling pathway. DPAP inhibits the expression of COX-2 in nerve cells. DPAP damages DNA and mitochondria, induces Apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway, and upregulates PD-L1. DPAP inhibits melanoma metastasis and angiogenesis, and inactivates spinal microglia and astrocytes. DPAP exhibits anti-melanoma activity and can be combined with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies to modify anti-tumor effects. DPAP is applicable for the research of melanoma.