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Alcohol dependence

Definition:

Alcohol dependence (AD) is a chronic but often disease that includes problems in controlling one's drinking, being preoccupied with alcohol, continuing to use alcohol even when it causes problems, having to drink more to get the same effect (physical dependence), or having withdrawal symptoms when one rapidly decreases or stops drinking. The contribution of genetic factors to the development of AD is high. The best classical candidate genes for AD are alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Both genes are involved in enzymatic degradation of alcohol. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported that the most robust associations for AD have been with such enzyme genes, especially ALDH2 in East Asian populations and ADH1B in European American and African American populations.

References:

[1]. A Thompson, et al. Pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence: A stratified approach. Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Sep;153:10-24. [Content Brief]

[2]. Amy B Hart, et al. Alcohol Dependence Genetics: Lessons Learned From Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and Post-GWAS Analyses. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2015 Aug;39(8):1312-27. [Content Brief]

[3]. C A Prescott, et al. Genomewide linkage study in the Irish affected sib pair study of alcohol dependence: evidence for a susceptibility region for symptoms of alcohol dependence on chromosome 4. Mol Psychiatry. 2006 Jun;11(6):603-11. [Content Brief]

[4]. Christian A Müller, et al. Current pharmacological treatment approaches for alcohol dependence. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2014 Mar;15(4):471-81. [Content Brief]

[5]. Jerzy Samochowiec, et al. Genetics of alcohol dependence: a review of clinical studies. Neuropsychobiology. 2014;70(2):77-94. [Content Brief]

[6]. Johan Franck, et al. Pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence: status of current treatments. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2013 Aug;23(4):692-9. [Content Brief]

[7]. Lingjun Zuo, et al. Genome-wide association discoveries of alcohol dependence. Am J Addict. 2014 Nov-Dec;23(6):526-39. [Content Brief]

[8]. Marcella Rietschel, et al. The genetics of alcohol dependence. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2013 Apr;1282:39-70. [Content Brief]

[9]. Vanessa Nieratschker, et al. Genetics and epigenetics of alcohol dependence. J Mol Psychiatry. 2013 Jul 11;1(1):11. [Content Brief]

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