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Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1

Definition:

Catalyzes the first and rate limiting step of the catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. Involved in the peripheral immune tolerance, contributing to maintain homeostasis by preventing autoimmunity or immunopathology that would result from uncontrolled and overreacting immune responses. Tryptophan shortage inhibits T lymphocytes division and accumulation of tryptophan catabolites induces T-cell apoptosis and differentiation of regulatory T-cells. Acts as a suppressor of anti-tumor immunity. Limits the growth of intracellular pathogens by depriving tryptophan. Protects the fetus from maternal immune rejection.

References:

[1]. Nicolas van Baren, et al. Tryptophan-degrading enzymes in tumoral immune resistance. Front Immunol. 2015 Feb 3;6:34. [Content Brief]

[2]. Susanne V Schmidt, et al. New Insights into IDO Biology in Bacterial and Viral Infections. Front Immunol. 2014 Aug 11;5:384. [Content Brief]

[3]. David H Munn, et al. Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase and metabolic control of immune responses. Trends Immunol. 2013 Mar;34(3):137-43. [Content Brief]

[4]. Catherine Uyttenhove, et al. Evidence for a tumoral immune resistance mechanism based on tryptophan degradation by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Nat Med. 2003 Oct;9(10):1269-74. [Content Brief]

[5]. Richard Metz, et al. Novel tryptophan catabolic enzyme IDO2 is the preferred biochemical target of the antitumor indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitory compound D-1-methyl-tryptophan. Cancer Res. 2007 Aug 1;67(15):7082-7. [Content Brief]

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