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Infantile hemangioma

Definition:

Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are neoplastic proliferations of vascular endothelial cells (ECs), characterized by a period of growth after birth, and eventual spontaneous involution. Forty percent of the lesions are associated with complications such as ulceration, bleeding, infection, pain, cardiac failure, airway compromise or eye impairment. Pathogenesis of IH is still shrouded in mystery even though various theories have been postulated to explain its origin. Recent studies provide strong evidence for the conclusion that the VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and Tumor Endothelial Marker 8 (TEM8) mutations represent risk factor mutations for hemangioma formation. In the proliferating phase, constitutive VEGFR2 signaling in ECs from hemangioma lesions affects downstream processes, including EC proliferation and migration, providing a mechanistic explanation for the rapid endothelial proliferation seen in hemangioma.

References:

[1]. Eileen Boye, et al. Infantile hemangioma: challenges, new insights, and therapeutic promise. J Craniofac Surg. 2009 Mar;20 Suppl 1:678-84. [Content Brief]

[2]. Eileen Boye, et al. Signaling mechanisms in infantile hemangioma. Curr Opin Hematol. 2009 May;16(3):202-8. [Content Brief]

[3]. Masatoshi Jinnin, et al. Recent progress in studies of infantile hemangioma. J Dermatol. 2010 Nov;37(11):939-55. [Content Brief]

[4]. Masatoshi Jinnin, et al. Suppressed NFAT-dependent VEGFR1 expression and constitutive VEGFR2 signaling in infantile hemangioma. Nat Med. 2008 Nov;14(11):1236-46. [Content Brief]

[5]. Ricardo Drut, et al. Endothelial cells of intramuscular (infantile) hemangioma express glut1. Int J Surg Pathol. 2007 Apr;15(2):166-8. [Content Brief]

[6]. S Greenberger, et al. Pathogenesis of infantile haemangioma. Br J Dermatol. 2013 Jul;169(1):12-9. [Content Brief]

[7]. Sérgio Laranjo, et al. The role of propranolol in the treatment of infantile hemangioma. Rev Port Cardiol. 2014 May;33(5):289-95. [Content Brief]

[8]. Tina S Chen, et al. Infantile hemangiomas: an update on pathogenesis and therapy. Pediatrics. 2013 Jan;131(1):99-108. [Content Brief]

[9]. Vibhu Mendiratta, et al. Infantile hemangioma: an update. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2010 Sep-Oct;76(5):469-75. [Content Brief]

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