Interferon regulatory factor 5

Definition:

Transcription factor that plays a critical role in innate immunity by activating expression of type I interferon (IFN) IFNA and INFB and inflammatory cytokines downstream of endolysosomal toll-like receptors TLR7, TLR8 and TLR9. Regulates the transcription of type I IFN genes (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) by binding to an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in their promoters (By similarity). Can efficiently activate both the IFN-beta (IFNB) and the IFN-alpha (IFNA) genes and mediate their induction downstream of the TLR-activated, MyD88-dependent pathway (By similarity). Key transcription factor regulating the IFN response during SARS-CoV-2 infection.

References:

[1]. Leonhard X Heinz, et al. TASL is the SLC15A4-associated adaptor for IRF5 activation by TLR7-9. Nature. 2020 May;581(7808):316-322. [Content Brief]

[2]. Xin Yin, et al. MDA5 Governs the Innate Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Lung Epithelial Cells. Cell Rep. 2021 Jan 12;34(2):108628. [Content Brief]

[3]. Hui-Chen Chang Foreman, et al. Activation of interferon regulatory factor 5 by site specific phosphorylation. PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e33098. [Content Brief]

[4]. Annett Schoenemeyer, et al. The interferon regulatory factor, IRF5, is a central mediator of toll-like receptor 7 signaling. J Biol Chem. 2005 Apr 29;280(17):17005-12. [Content Brief]

[5]. B J Barnes, et al. Virus-specific activation of a novel interferon regulatory factor, IRF-5, results in the induction of distinct interferon alpha genes. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 29;276(26):23382-90. [Content Brief]

[6]. Marta Lopez-Pelaez, et al. Protein kinase IKKβ-catalyzed phosphorylation of IRF5 at Ser462 induces its dimerization and nuclear translocation in myeloid cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Dec 9;111(49):17432-7. [Content Brief]

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