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mitochondrial complex II

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	Mitochondrial Metabolism (14) AMPK (1) Antibiotic (2) Apoptosis (9) Bacterial (1) Biochemical Assay Reagents (1) Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase (CPT) (1) Caspase (2) Cytochrome P450 (2) Environmental Pollutants (5) Ferroptosis (1) Fungal (10) Insecticide (1) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (1) MMP (1) p38 MAPK (1) Parasite (6) Potassium Channel (1) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (3) Reference Standards (6) Succinate Dehydrogenase (7) Topoisomerase (3)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (8) Cardiovascular Disease (1) Infection (15) Inflammation/Immunology (3) Metabolic Disease (4) Neurological Disease (1)

By Targets:

Mitochondrial Metabolism (14)

AMPK (1)

Antibiotic (2)

Apoptosis (9)

Bacterial (1)

Biochemical Assay Reagents (1)

Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase (CPT) (1)

Caspase (2)

Cytochrome P450 (2)

Environmental Pollutants (5)

Ferroptosis (1)

Fungal (10)

Insecticide (1)

Isotope-Labeled Compounds (1)

MMP (1)

p38 MAPK (1)

Parasite (6)

Potassium Channel (1)

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (3)

Reference Standards (6)

Succinate Dehydrogenase (7)

Topoisomerase (3)

By Research Areas:

Cancer (8)

Cardiovascular Disease (1)

Infection (15)

Inflammation/Immunology (3)

Metabolic Disease (4)

Neurological Disease (1)

Inhibitors & Agonists

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Peptides

Natural
Products

Recombinant Proteins

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Antibodies

Targets Recommended: Photosystem II Mitochondrial Metabolism Mitophagy CD74

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-119976

Boscalid 1 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Apoptosis Fungal Mitochondrial Metabolism Succinate Dehydrogenase	Infection
Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis .

HY-126653

Atpenin A5 Maximum Cited Publications 8 Publications Verification	Potassium Channel	Cardiovascular Disease
Atpenin A5 is a potent and highly specific complex II inhibitor (IC₅₀ ~10 nM), and is an effective mK_ATP channel agonist and cardioprotective agent .

HY-W017982

CMIT/MIT (14.5% in water) CMI/MI	Environmental Pollutants Bacterial Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) p38 MAPK Mitochondrial Metabolism	Infection Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
CMIT/MIT is a CMIT and MIT mixture. CMIT and MIT are powerful synthetic biocidal substances. CMIT and MIT are used as preservatives in various cosmetics and industrial products. CMIT and MIT are present in many water-soluble consumer products, such as shampoos, toothpastes. CMIT/MIT (3:1 mixture of CMIT and MIT) produces mitochondrial ROS via inhibiting mitochondrial complex I and II. CMIT/MIT (in 3:1 ratio) induces neurotoxicity through the upregulation of the MAPKs signaling pathways. CMIT/MIT can be used in the research of respiratory diseases and neuroblastoma .

HY-B2004

Thifluzamide	Environmental Pollutants Fungal Mitochondrial Metabolism	Infection
Thifluzamide is a fungicide that inhibits fungal respiration by blocking the ubiquinone-binding site in mitochondrial complex II. Thifluzamide exhibits significant activity against Basidiomycota pathogens (such as Rhizoctonia cerealis, Ustilago and Puccinia genera) and is commonly used in studies on wheat sharp eyespot. Thifluzamide displays a dual mechanism in regulating lipid metabolism: it reduces fatty acid synthase activity to inhibit endogenous fatty acid synthesis, and increases carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I activity to accelerate fatty acid β-oxidation, thereby reducing total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the liver. Thifluzamide also induces hepatotoxicity in zebrafish models and carries a risk of developmental toxicity. Thifluzamide inhibition of Rhizoctonia cerealis may result in low to moderate levels of drug resistance, leading to the generation of stable drug-resistant mutants .

HY-13721

Phenoxodiol 3 Publications Verification Idronoxil; Dehydroequol; Haginin E	Caspase Apoptosis Topoisomerase	Cancer
Phenoxodiol (Idronoxil), a synthetic analog of Genestein, activates the mitochondrial caspase system, inhibits XIAP (an apoptosis inhibitor), and sensitizes the cancer cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Phenoxodiol also inhibits DNA topoisomerase II by stabilizing the cleavable complex. Phenoxodiol induces cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase of the cell cycle and upregulates p21 ^WAF1 via a p53 independent manner .

HY-135549

Fluxapyroxad 1 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Antibiotic Cytochrome P450 Fungal Succinate Dehydrogenase	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Fluxapyroxad is a synthetic broad-spectrum fungicide for the control of fungal diseases. Fluxapyroxad inhibits succinate dehydrogenase in complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, resulting in inhibition of spore germination, germ tubes and mycelia growth within the fungus target species .

HY-W008151

Diphenyl Phosphate	Mitochondrial Metabolism Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase (CPT)	Metabolic Disease
Diphenyl Phosphate inhibits growth and energy metabolism in zebrafish and mice in a sex-specific manner. Diphenyl Phosphate can inhibit the activity of SDH (respiratory complex II), reduce the expression of CPT1 and disrupts the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane. Diphenyl Phosphate may be used in research on metabolic diseases .

HY-17520

Penthiopyrad 1 Publications Verification MTF-753	Environmental Pollutants Fungal	Infection
Penthiopyrad (MTF-753) is a carboxamide Fungicide. Penthiopyrad inhibits SDH. Penthiopyrad exhibits broad-spectrum antifungal activity, being effective not only against Basidiomycetes, but also against Ascomycetes and Deuteromycetes. Penthiopyrad inhibits the mycelial growth of Alternaria mali, Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia mali, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on PDA medium, with EC₅₀ values ranging from <0.4 ppm to 0.34 ppm and MIC values ranging from 6.6 ppm to 47.9 ppm .

HY-W663938

Cyflumetofen	Parasite	Others
Cyflumetofen is a synthetic miticide that strongly inhibits mitochondrial complex II of spider mites, but not of insects, crustaceans, or mammals. Cyflumetofen is not significantly effective in inhibiting aflatoxin production in fungi .

HY-W010380

Methyl succinate	AMPK Apoptosis	Metabolic Disease
Methyl succinate is a mitochondrial complex II substrate. Methyl succinate can bypass the inhibition of complex I by Metformin (HY-B0627), restore mitochondrial electron transfer, and reduce AMPK phosphorylation. Methyl succinate is capable of protecting MIN6 β-cells and primary rat β-cells from biguanide-induced toxicity and apoptosis in vitro. Methyl succinate can be used in the research of diseases such as diabetes mellitus .

HY-19688B

Sitamaquine tosylate WR 6026 tosylate	Parasite Mitochondrial Metabolism	Infection
Sitamaquine (WR6026) tosylate, an orally active 8-aminoquinoline analog, is an antileishmanial agent. Sitamaquine tosylate inhibits mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase). Sitamaquine tosylate is a lipophilic weak base that rapidly accumulates in acidic compartments of Leishmania spp., mainly in acidocalcisomes .

HY-W008151R

Diphenyl Phosphate (Standard)	Mitochondrial Metabolism Reference Standards	Metabolic Disease
Diphenyl Phosphate inhibits growth and energy metabolism in zebrafish and mice in a sex-specific manner. Diphenyl Phosphate can inhibit the activity of SDH (respiratory complex II), reduce the expression of CPT1 and disrupts the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane. Diphenyl Phosphate may be used in research on metabolic diseases .

HY-19688A

Sitamaquine hydrochloride WR 6026 hydrochloride	Parasite Mitochondrial Metabolism	Infection
Sitamaquine (WR6026) hydrochloride, an orally active 8-aminoquinoline analog, is an antileishmanial agent. Sitamaquine hydrochloride inhibits mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase). Sitamaquine hydrochloride is a lipophilic weak base that rapidly accumulates in acidic compartments of Leishmania spp., mainly in acidocalcisomes .

HY-150966

Antiproliferative agent-10	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
Antiproliferative agent-10 (compound 8) is an anti-tumour ruthenium(II)-tris-pyrazolylmethane complex that inhibits the growth of cancer cells by inhibiting mitochondrial calcium uptake .

HY-150969

Antiproliferative agent-12	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
Antiproliferative agent-10 (compound 1) is an anti-tumour ruthenium(II)-tris-pyrazolylmethane complex that inhibits the growth of cancer cells by inhibiting mitochondrial calcium uptake .

HY-163337

Antifungal agent 92	Fungal	Infection
Antifungal agent 92 (Compound 21) is a potent antifungal agent with an EC₅₀ of 4.4 μM against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Antifungal agent 92 can induce abnormal mitochondrial morphology, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Antifungal agent 92 is a moderate promiscuous inhibitor of mitochondrial complexes II and III .

HY-W663938R

Cyflumetofen (Standard)	Parasite Reference Standards	Others
Cyflumetofen (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cyflumetofen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cyflumetofen is a synthetic miticide that strongly inhibits mitochondrial complex II of spider mites, but not of insects, crustaceans, or mammals. Cyflumetofen is not significantly effective in inhibiting aflatoxin production in fungi .

HY-170557

Topoisomerase IIα-IN-10	Topoisomerase Apoptosis Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
Topoisomerase IIα-IN-10 (Compound 13r) is an inhibitor of Topoisomerase IIα. It binds to the active site of DNA when complexed with Topoisomerase IIα, and this binding is stabilized through interactions with DNA base pairs and amino acid residues. Topoisomerase IIα-IN-10 can induce Apoptosis by intercalating DNA and inhibiting Topoisomerase IIα, thereby disrupting the mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibiting the growth of HCT116 cell lines, with an IC₅₀ of 4.37 μM against HCT116 cells. Topoisomerase IIα-IN-10 can be used for research in the field of cancer treatment .

HY-135549R

Fluxapyroxad (Standard)	Reference Standards Antibiotic Fungal Succinate Dehydrogenase Cytochrome P450	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Fluxapyroxad (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fluxapyroxad. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fluxapyroxad is a synthetic broad-spectrum fungicide for the control of fungal diseases. It works by inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase in complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, resulting in inhibition of spore germination, germ tubes and mycelia growth within the fungus target species .

HY-119976S

Boscalid-d4	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Apoptosis Fungal Mitochondrial Metabolism Succinate Dehydrogenase	Others
Boscalid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Boscalid. Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis .

HY-119976R

Boscalid (Standard)	Reference Standards Apoptosis Fungal Mitochondrial Metabolism Succinate Dehydrogenase	Infection
Boscalid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Boscalid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis .

HY-13721R

Phenoxodiol (Standard) Idronoxil (Standard); Dehydroequol (Standard); Haginin E (Standard)	Caspase Apoptosis Topoisomerase Reference Standards	Cancer
Phenoxodiol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phenoxodiol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Phenoxodiol (Idronoxil), a synthetic analog of Genestein, activates the mitochondrial caspase system, inhibits XIAP (an apoptosis inhibitor), and sensitizes the cancer cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Phenoxodiol also inhibits DNA topoisomerase II by stabilizing the cleavable complex. Phenoxodiol induces cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase of the cell cycle and upregulates p21WAF1 via a p53 independent manner .

HY-172777

SDH-IN-25	Succinate Dehydrogenase Fungal Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) MMP	Infection
SDH-IN-25 is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) inhibitor (IC₅₀ = 4.82 mg/L). SDH-IN-25 exhibited broad-spectrum and potent antifungal activity. SDH-IN-25 mimics the interaction pattern of commercial fungicide Fluxapyroxad (HY-135549) through binding to SDH amino acid residues (TRP173, TYR58, and ARG43). SDH-IN-25 can induce hyphal morphology, interfere with respiratory metabolism by binding to complex II, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), and affect mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in mycelia. SDH-IN-25 can be studied in research for agricultural disease control .

HY-B2004R

Thifluzamide (Standard)	Reference Standards Fungal Mitochondrial Metabolism	Infection
Thifluzamide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Thifluzamide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Thifluzamide is a fungicide that inhibits fungal respiration by blocking the ubiquinone-binding site in mitochondrial complex II. Thifluzamide exhibits significant activity against Basidiomycota pathogens (such as Rhizoctonia cerealis, Ustilago and Puccinia genera) and is commonly used in studies on wheat sharp eyespot. Thifluzamide displays a dual mechanism in regulating lipid metabolism: it reduces fatty acid synthase activity to inhibit endogenous fatty acid synthesis, and increases carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I activity to accelerate fatty acid β-oxidation, thereby reducing total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the liver. Thifluzamide also induces hepatotoxicity in zebrafish models and carries a risk of developmental toxicity. Thifluzamide inhibition of Rhizoctonia cerealis may result in low to moderate levels of drug resistance, leading to the generation of stable drug-resistant mutants .

HY-W719544

Cyenopyrafen	Parasite	Infection
Cyenopyrafen is a mitochondrial complex II inhibitor and acaricide. Cyenopyrafen controls spider mites on fruit trees, vegetables and flowers .

HY-P11743

Mitochondrial penetrating peptide	Biochemical Assay Reagents Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Metabolic Disease
Mitochondrial penetrating peptide is a peptide sequence (FrFKFrFK-CONH₂) that selectively transports cargo into mitochondria. Mitochondrial penetrating peptide possesses special physicochemical properties, enabling it to selectively translocate dinuclear Ru (II) polypyridine complexes into mitochondria of living mammalian cells without the aid of solvents or membrane permeabilization treatments, thus achieving precise mitochondrial localization and enrichment of the complexes while excluding their distribution in the nucleus. Mitochondrial penetrating peptide enables dynamic monitoring of mitochondrial oxygen concentration and ROS production in living mammalian cells via changes in the luminescence lifetime of the coupled Ru (II) complex .

HY-169383

FA4-Cu	Apoptosis	Cancer
FA4-Cu is a complex of the potent pancreatic cancer inhibitor FA4 and Cu(II) that induces apoptosis via ER and mitochondrial stress .

HY-182534

Succinate dehydrogenase-IN-12	Succinate Dehydrogenase	Cancer
Succinate dehydrogenase-IN-12 is a selective inhibitor of mitochondrial complex II (succinate dehydrogenase), with an IC₅₀ value of 3.3 nM. Succinate dehydrogenase-IN-12 can be used for tumor research .

HY-183549

Ferroptosis/apoptosis inducer-4	Apoptosis Ferroptosis	Cancer
Ferroptosis/apoptosis inducer-4 is a pyridine-hydrazone-derived Cu (II) complex and a synergistic inducer of ferroptosis and apoptosis. Ferroptosis/apoptosis inducer-4 exerts anti-tumor proliferation and anti-metastasis effects with extremely low systemic toxicity. Ferroptosis/apoptosis inducer-4 disrupts cellular redox homeostasis by depleting glutathione and generating hydroxyl radicals through the Cu ²⁺/Cu ⁺ redox cycle. Ferroptosis/apoptosis inducer-4 also triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which in turn lead to Ca ²⁺ release, mitochondrial Ca ²⁺ overload, and the formation of a ROS−Ca ²⁺ self-amplifying feedback loop. Ferroptosis/apoptosis inducer-4 can be used in studies related to cervical cancer .

HY-W727481

Cyetpyrafen	Parasite Insecticide	Infection
Cyetpyrafen is a pyrazole insecticide/acaricide with broad-spectrum insecticidal activity. Cyetpyrafen binds to DhelOBP4 (K_i = 4.95 μM) and DhelOBP21 (K_i = 5.51 μM) to mediate olfactory recognition in Cryptolaemus montrouzieri. Cyetpyrafen induces dose-dependent electroantennogram responses in Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and exhibits repellent effects on the species. Cyetpyrafen has bioaccumulative properties, is rapidly and passively absorbed by the roots of lettuce and rice, reaches a steady state within 24 h, preferentially accumulates in roots, and shows limited xylem/phloem translocation .

HY-138439

Mandestrobin	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Infection
Mandestrobin is a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III inhibitor with bactericidal activity. The enantiomers of Mandestrobin exhibit differential bactericidal activity, with the R-enantiomer showing higher activity than the S-enantiomer .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-119976

Boscalid 1 Publications Verification	Biochemical Assay Reagents
Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis .

Boscalid

1 Publications Verification

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis .

HY-119976R

Boscalid (Standard)	Biochemical Assay Reagents
Boscalid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Boscalid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis .

Boscalid (Standard)

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Boscalid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Boscalid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-P11743

Mitochondrial penetrating peptide	Biochemical Assay Reagents Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Metabolic Disease
Mitochondrial penetrating peptide is a peptide sequence (FrFKFrFK-CONH₂) that selectively transports cargo into mitochondria. Mitochondrial penetrating peptide possesses special physicochemical properties, enabling it to selectively translocate dinuclear Ru (II) polypyridine complexes into mitochondria of living mammalian cells without the aid of solvents or membrane permeabilization treatments, thus achieving precise mitochondrial localization and enrichment of the complexes while excluding their distribution in the nucleus. Mitochondrial penetrating peptide enables dynamic monitoring of mitochondrial oxygen concentration and ROS production in living mammalian cells via changes in the luminescence lifetime of the coupled Ru (II) complex .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-W010380

Methyl succinate	Structural Classification Natural Products Ebenaceae Plants Source Classification Diospyros kaki Thunb.	AMPK Apoptosis
Methyl succinate is a mitochondrial complex II substrate. Methyl succinate can bypass the inhibition of complex I by Metformin (HY-B0627), restore mitochondrial electron transfer, and reduce AMPK phosphorylation. Methyl succinate is capable of protecting MIN6 β-cells and primary rat β-cells from biguanide-induced toxicity and apoptosis in vitro. Methyl succinate can be used in the research of diseases such as diabetes mellitus .

Cat. No.	Compare	Product Name	Species	Source	Image

HY-P704801

	SDHA Protein, Human (His) Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial; SDHA; Flavoprotein subunit of complex II (Fp); Malate dehydrogenase [quinone] flavoprotein subunit;	Human	E. coli
	SDHA Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived SDHA protein, expressed by E. coli, with C-6*His tag.

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HY-119976S

Boscalid-d4
Boscalid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Boscalid. Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis .

Boscalid-d4

Boscalid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Boscalid. Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis .

Host:	Rabbit (4)
Reactivity:	Human (4) Rat (4) Mouse (4)
Application:	IHC-P (4) ICC/IF (2) IP (3) WB (4) FC (1) ELISA (2)
Isotype:	IgG (3) IgG/Kappa (1)
Conjugation:	Non-conjugated (4)
Clonality:	Monoclonal (4) Recombinant (2)
Modification:	Unmodified (4)

Cat. No.	Compare	Product Name	Application	Reactivity	Image

HY-P86640

	SDHA Antibody (YA6332) SDHA; SDH2; SDHF; Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit; mitochondrial; Flavoprotein subunit of complex II; Fp	WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF, IP, ELISA	Human, Mouse, Rat
	SDHA Antibody (YA6332) is a Rabbit-derived and non-conjugated IgG monoclonal antibody, targeting to SDHA.

HY-P81835

	SDHB Antibody (YA1580) SDHB; SDH; SDH1; Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit; mitochondrial; Iron-sulfur subunit of complex II; Ip	WB, IHC-P, IP, FC	Human, Mouse, Rat
	SDHB Antibody (YA1580) is a Rabbit-derived and non-conjugated IgG monoclonal antibody, targeting to SDHB.

HY-P86391

	SDHB Antibody (YA6083) SDHB; SDH; SDH1; Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial; Iron-sulfur subunit of complex II; Ip	WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF, IP, ELISA	Human, Mouse, Rat
	SDHB Antibody (YA6083) is a Rabbit-derived and non-conjugated IgG monoclonal antibody, targeting to SDHB.

HY-P87067

	SDHC Antibody(YA6760) CYB560 antibody; C560_HUMAN antibody; CYBL antibody; Cytochrome B large subunit of complex II antibody; Integral membrane protein CII-3 antibody; mitochondrial antibody; PGL3 antibody; QPs-1 antibody; QPs1 antibody; SDH3 antibody; CYB560 antibody; C560_HUMAN antibody; CYBL antibody; Cytochrome B large subunit of complex II antibody; Integral membrane protein CII-3 antibody; mitochondrial antibody; PGL3 antibody; QPs-1 antibody; QPs1 antibody; SDH3 antibody; sdhC antibody; succinate dehydrgenase cytochrome b antibody; succinate dehydrogenase 3, integral membrane subunit antibody; Succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C antibody; Succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C integral membrane protein 15kDa antibody; Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit antibody; Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit mitochondrial antibody; Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial precursor antibody; Succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase cytochrome B large subunit antibody;	WB, IHC-P	Human, Mouse, Rat
	SDHC Antibody(YA6760) is a Rabbit-derived and non-conjugated IgG monoclonal antibody, targeting to SDHC.

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mitochondrial complex II

Inhibitors & Agonists

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