Intercellular Communication & Diseases

Lunar Rhythms and Vertebrate Reproduction

Lunar rhythms in vertebrate reproduction are recurring reproductive events synchronized with moon-related environmental cycles, including monthly lunar, semilunar, and tidal periodicities.

Hypothalamic Rhythms and Endocrine Regulation of the Aging Process

Hypothalamic rhythms and endocrine regulation of aging describe how central hypothalamic timing, neuroendocrine output, inflammatory signaling, and inter-organ communication influence age-related physiological decline.

Diet and Gut Microbiota Rhythms Work Together to Regulate Host Health

Diet and gut microbiota rhythms form a bidirectional temporal system in which dietary composition and feeding schedules shape daily microbial oscillations, while rhythmic microbial activity feeds back onto host circadian clocks and metabolism.

Spatial Heterogeneity Regulation Mechanism of Plant Biological Clock

Plant circadian clocks are endogenous genetic timing systems that coordinate biological processes with day/night cycles, but current evidence shows that the plant clock is not a uniform oscillator operating identically throughout the organism.

Imbalance of the Gut Clock Mediates Gastrointestinal Functional Impairment

Gut-clock imbalance refers to desynchronization of circadian timing across gastrointestinal physiology, intestinal epithelial clocks, microbial rhythms, and feeding-linked peripheral signals.

Circadian Clock Communication Regulates Organismal Homeostasis and Aging

Circadian clock communication describes the organism-wide coordination of cell-autonomous ~24-hour oscillators so that physiology remains aligned with environmental time.

Circadian Rhythm Regulation of the Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy

Circadian rhythm regulation of the tumor microenvironment describes the time-dependent control of tumor and immune biology by endogenous molecular clocks.

Gastrointestinal Rhythms and Health

Gastrointestinal rhythms are near-24-hour temporal patterns in digestive physiology, encompassing motility, epithelial activity, microbial composition and function, and metabolic signaling; gastrointestinal circadian timing arises from interlocking transcriptional-translational feedback loops in central and peripheral clocks, while colonic motility is higher during the day, often after awakening or meals, and minimal at night; research has progressed from physiological characterization of bowel activity to molecular and multi-omic studies showing that intestinal microbiota oscillate in localization, composition, and metabolite production and can program host transcriptional and epigenetic rhythms; this shift has made gastrointestinal rhythms a rapidly developing framework for understanding how timing coordinates digestion, host-microbe interactions, tissue homeostasis, and disease susceptibility across the gut-liver axis.

Ionic Signaling in Respiratory Rhythms

Ionic signaling in respiratory rhythms describes how ion channels, membrane conductances, intracellular ions, and receptor-linked ionic currents generate and regulate rhythmic neural activity that drives breathing.

Mechanisms and Functions of Cerebellar Rhythms

Cerebellar rhythms are temporally structured oscillatory and synchronous patterns of neuronal activity generated within cerebellar circuits or imposed through major afferent systems.

Protein Phosphorylation and the Sleep-Wake Cycle

Protein phosphorylation has emerged as a central molecular mechanism connecting sleep-wake homeostasis with circadian timing because changes in phosphorylation can regulate protein activity, stability, localization, and molecular interactions.

Melanopsin Gene Variants and Circadian Rhythms

OPN4, is a blue-light-sensitive opsin photopigment expressed in intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) and participates in non-image-forming responses to environmental light, including circadian photoentrainment, pupillary light responses, and regulation of sleep.

Clock Genes and Tumor Microenvironment Regulation

Circadian clock genes regulate approximately 24-hour biological timing through a transcriptional network centered on CLOCK and BMAL1, and cancer research has increasingly linked disruption of this machinery to tumor behavior and the tumor microenvironment (TME).

NLRP3 In CNS Inflammation: Neutrophils And BBB

NLRP3 is a cytosolic inflammasome sensor that assembles with ASC and caspase-1 after priming and activation signals.

Regulation Networks Of The Blood–Brain Barrier In Neuroinflammation

The blood-brain barrier is a dynamic neurovascular interface rather than an inert wall.

Inflammation–Immune Microenvironment In Carotid Atherosclerosis

Carotid atherosclerosis is an immune-vascular disease in which retained lipoproteins, disturbed flow, endothelial dysfunction, smooth-muscle remodeling, and innate and adaptive immunity generate plaques that may cause ischemic stroke.

MAIT Cell Biology And Cross-Disease Regulation

Mucosal-associated invariant T cells are abundant innate-like T lymphocytes that link microbial metabolism to rapid tissue immunity.

UPEC, Antimicrobial Resistance, And Vaccine Targets

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is the leading cause of community urinary tract infection, although Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Candida also contribute in specific settings.

Macromolecular Anti-Inflammatory Therapy Platforms And Mechanisms

Macromolecular anti-inflammatory platforms use polymers, proteins, conjugates, hydrogels, or nanoparticles to change where, when, and how an active agent is delivered.

Neuroendocrine-Immune Axis In Parasitic Infections

Parasitic infection engages an integrated neuroendocrine-immune network rather than an immune response in isolation.

Systemic Roles Of NR1I2/PXR In Intestinal Inflammation

Pregnane X receptor, encoded by NR1I2, is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor best known for coordinating xenobiotic metabolism in the liver and intestine.

MIF Axis In Cardiovascular Inflammation

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor, or MIF, is a pleiotropic cytokine with atypical chemokine activity that links leukocyte recruitment to cardiovascular inflammation.

Cell-Specific Inflammatory Signaling Regulation For Precision Therapy

Inflammatory disease is produced by signaling networks that differ across cell types even when patients share a clinical diagnosis.

Inflammation Regulation And Bone Healing

Inflammation is indispensable for fracture repair, but its magnitude, location, and duration must be tightly controlled.

Foundations Of Skin Repair Biology And Barriers To Healing

Skin repair is a coordinated restoration of barrier function, vascular supply, connective tissue, and mechanical integrity.

Inhibitory Immune Receptors And Targeted Inflammation Therapy

Inhibitory immune receptors set activation thresholds and prevent protective inflammation from becoming destructive.

Macrophage Phenotypic Regulation Mechanisms In Diseases

Macrophages acquire disease-relevant phenotypes through origin, tissue location, and dynamic environmental signaling.

GlycoRNAs Regulate Inflammation And Cancer Development

GlycoRNAs are an emerging class of small noncoding RNAs covalently modified with glycans and displayed at the cell surface.

Bacterial DNA-Mediated Host Metabolic Inflammatory Response

Bacterial DNA can act as a host inflammatory signal when anatomical and cellular barriers no longer confine it.

Lipid Mediators Drive Allergic Inflammatory Responses

Lipid mediators are rapidly generated signaling molecules that translate membrane phospholipid metabolism into allergic inflammation.

Bone Marrow Inflammation Heterogeneity Regulates The Progression Of Hematologic Malignancies

Bone marrow inflammation is spatially and functionally heterogeneous, and that heterogeneity can shape the initiation, expansion, treatment resistance, and relapse of hematologic malignancies.

The Obesity-Inflammation Axis Regulates The Progression Of Psoriasis.

Psoriasis and obesity form a bidirectional immunometabolic axis rather than merely co-occurring conditions.

Hepatic Cell Interactions Mediate Inflammatory And Immunological Disorders

The liver is an immunological interface in which hepatocytes, sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, stellate cells, cholangiocytes, recruited myeloid cells, lymphocytes, and platelets continuously exchange signals.

Intestinal Barrier Imbalance Drives Multisystem Inflammatory Lesions.

The intestinal barrier is a multilayered system rather than a simple epithelial wall.

Nanomedicine Targeting Refractory Inflammatory Diseases

Refractory inflammatory diseases persist despite treatment because pathogenic cells are anatomically protected, pathways are redundant, drugs have poor tissue exposure, or systemic dosing is limited by toxicity.

Adipokines Mediate Metabolic Inflammation And Metabolic Diseases

Adipose tissue is an endocrine and immune organ that adapts energy storage, appetite, thermogenesis, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and tissue repair through secreted signals.

Inflammatory Mechanisms Of Atherosclerosis And Therapeutic Implications

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of medium and large arteries in which retained lipoproteins, endothelial dysfunction, innate sensing, leukocyte recruitment, and maladaptive repair generate plaques.

Obesity-Related Metabolic Diseases: Inflammation And Resolution-Based Regulatory Strategies

Obesity-associated metabolic disease is driven not only by energy imbalance but also by unresolved inflammation in adipose tissue and the circulation.

Inflammation Drives The Progression Of Cardiovascular Disease.

Inflammation participates in cardiovascular disease from risk-factor sensing to plaque rupture, thrombosis, myocardial remodeling, and heart failure.

Interleukins: Mechanisms Of Dual Effects In Inflammation

Interleukins are a diverse cytokine group that coordinates host defense, hematopoiesis, metabolism, tissue repair, and adaptive immunity.

Neuroinflammation: Deciphering The Mechanisms Of The Immune-Brain Interface

Neuroinflammation is the coordinated response of central nervous system (CNS) resident cells, brain barriers, peripheral immunity, and neural circuits to infection, injury, protein pathology, or systemic disturbance.

Molecular And Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Alveolar Bone Loss In Periodontitis

Periodontitis is a chronic immunoinflammatory disease in which a dysbiotic biofilm and a susceptible host response destroy gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone.

Obesity-Targeting Drugs May Offer A New Direction For Osteoarthritis Treatment

Obesity is a major modifiable risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA), particularly knee OA, but its effects extend beyond mechanical loading.

Colitis: Signaling Pathways, Therapeutic Targets, And Intervention Strategies

Colitis, particularly ulcerative colitis, reflects failure of intestinal immune, epithelial, microbial, and stromal homeostasis.

Cryogels System: Strategies For Inflammation Modulation And Wound Healing

Cryogels are macroporous hydrogels produced by polymerization or physical gelation under subzero conditions.

Immunomodulatory Biomaterials: Anti-Inflammatory Strategies To Bypass The Mucosal Barrier

Mucosal inflammatory diseases pose a delivery problem as well as an immunological one.

Extracellular RNA: A Novel Therapeutic Target For Limiting Sterile Inflammation

Extracellular RNA (exRNA) is released or exposed during cellular activation, stress, injury, and necrosis in free form, protein complexes, or extracellular vesicles.

Pathology And Targeted Therapy Of Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by intense pruritus, recurrent eczematous lesions, and a fluctuating course.

Diagnostic And Prognostic Biomarkers For Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a heterogeneous systemic autoimmune disease in which timely diagnosis and early control of inflammation reduce the risk of irreversible joint damage.

Regulation Of Arthritis By The Multi-Organ-Joint Axis

The multi-organ–joint axis reframes arthritis as a disease influenced by communication among mucosal tissues, metabolism, muscle, nervous and endocrine systems, and the joint.