Annona squamosa L.

Annonin VI is an inhibitor of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I; complex I) and glucose:ubiquinone oxidoreductase discovered in the seeds of Annona squamosa. Annonin VI exhibits an IC₅₀ of 0.02 nmol/mg protein against bovine heart complex I, and an IC₅₀ of 12.4 nmol/mg protein against glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) derived from Gluconobacter oxydans. Annonin VI acts in a partially competitive manner on the region associated with the ubiquinone catalytic site of complex I, blocking electron transfer from high-potential iron-sulfur clusters to ubiquinone. Annonin VI binds competitively with ubiquinone at the homologous ubiquinone site on GDH. Annonin VI can be used in the research of bacterial infections, insecticides, and cancer.

Staphylionoside D is found in Annona squamosa L.. Staphylionoside D can inhibit the NO production and exhibit anti-inflammatory activity.

Arabinothalictoside is found in A. squamosa L. Arabinothalictoside is a sEH inhibitor (IC₅₀: 47.1 µM). Arabinothalictoside can be used in the research of cardiovascular and urinary diseases.

Thalictoside is found in A. squamosa L. Thalictoside is a sEH inhibitor (IC₅₀: 20.2 µM). Thalictoside exerts anti-osteoporotic effects through an estrogen-like mechanism. Thalictoside can be used in the research of cardiovascular and urinary diseases.

Austroside A is found in Evodia austrosinensis. Austroside A shows antibacterial activity against the Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic resistant strain.