Cytosolic arginine sensor for mTORC1 subunit 1

Definition:

Functions as an intracellular arginine sensor within the amino acid-sensing branch of the TORC1 signaling pathway. As a homodimer or a heterodimer with CASTOR2, binds and inhibits the GATOR subcomplex GATOR2 and thereby mTORC1. Binding of arginine to CASTOR1 allosterically disrupts the interaction of CASTOR1-containing dimers with GATOR2 which can in turn activate mTORC1 and the TORC1 signaling pathway.

References:

[1]. Robert A Saxton, et al. Mechanism of arginine sensing by CASTOR1 upstream of mTORC1. Nature. 2016 Aug 11;536(7615):229-33. [Content Brief]

[2]. Lynne Chantranupong, et al. The CASTOR Proteins Are Arginine Sensors for the mTORC1 Pathway. Cell. 2016 Mar 24;165(1):153-164. [Content Brief]

[3]. Tingting Li, et al. RNF167 activates mTORC1 and promotes tumorigenesis by targeting CASTOR1 for ubiquitination and degradation. Nat Commun. 2021 Feb 16;12(1):1055. [Content Brief]

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