Foodborne trematodiasis

Foodborne trematode infections, which are caused by four main genera: Clonorchis spp. that cause clonorchiasis, Opisthorchis spp. that cause opisthorchiasis, Fasciola spp. that cause fascioliasis and Paragonimus spp. that cause paragonimiasis. Foodborne trematode infections are accomplished through ingestion of metacercariae by eating raw or insufficiently cooked freshwater fish (C. sinensis, Opisthorchis spp., Echinostoma spp., heterophyids, Metagonimus spp.), freshwater crab or crayfish (Paragonimus spp.), aquatic plants (Fasciola spp., Fasciolopis buski), snails or tadpoles (Echinostoma spp.), or by drinking contaminated water (Fasciola spp.).