Piper methysticum G.Forst.

Flavokawain C is an orally active natural chalcone. Flavokawain C inhibits the proliferation of various cancer cells. Flavokawain C upregulates GADD153 in cancer cells, inhibits the phosphorylation of Akt and JNK, suppresses early ERK phosphorylation, activates late ERK phosphorylation, activates caspase related subtypes, induces PARP-1 cleavage, causes upregulation of p21 and p27, downregulation of mutant p53 and anti-apoptotic IAP proteins, elevates intracellular ROS levels, reduces SOD activity, and induces apoptosis. Flavokawain C downregulates FABP4, induces autophagy in cancer cells, and activates the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Flavokawain C decreases the expression of glycolysis-related proteins GLUT1 and HK2, and inhibits glycolysis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Flavokawain C inhibits the activation of the EGFR/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and reduces the expression of HSP90B1. Flavokawain C inhibits angiogenesis by decreasing the expression of angiogenic proteins Ang-1 and VEGF in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Flavokawain C increases γ-H2AX levels in cells, inhibits the phosphorylation of FAK, PI3K and AKT in cells, and induces DNA damage in cells. Flavokawain C exerts anti-tumor activity in multiple tumor xenograft mouse models. Flavokawain C is applicable to research related to colorectal cancer, colon adenocarcinoma, nephroblastoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and liver cancer.

Flavokawain C (Standard) is the analytical standard of Flavokawain C. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Flavokawain C is a natural chalcone found in Kava root. Flavokawain C exerts cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines, with an IC₅₀ of 12.75 μM for HCT 116 cells.

Dihydroflavokawain C is a chalcone. Dihydroflavokawain C can be isolated from the leaves of P. gaudichaudianum. Dihydroflavokawain C exhibits no molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata.

Pipermethystine is an alkaloid that can be isolated from the Kava plant. Pipermethystine decreases HepG2 cell cellular ATP levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces apoptosis.