L-Glutamic acid

Name: L-Glutamic acid
Brand: MedChemExpress
SKU: HY-14608
Rating: 5.0 (15 reviews)

Cat. No.: HY-14608 Purity: 99.96%: Data Sheet
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L-Glutamic acid is an excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter that acts as an agonist for all subtypes of glutamate receptors (metabolic rhodophylline, NMDA, and AMPA). L-Glutamic acid has an agonist effect on the release of DA from dopaminergic nerve endings. L-Glutamic acid can be used in the study of neurological diseases. L-Glutamic acid acts at ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 56-86-0

Size	Stock	Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in Water ready for reconstitution	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in Water	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solid
1 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
5 g	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
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Customer Review

Based on 15 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of L-Glutamic acid:

L-Glutamic acid-¹³C In-stock
L-Glutamic acid-1-¹³C In-stock
L-Glutamic acid-¹³C₂ In-stock
L-Glutamic acid-¹⁵N In-stock
L-Glutamic acid-¹³C₅,¹⁵N In-stock
L-Glutamic acid-¹³C₅ In-stock
L-Glutamic acid-5-¹³C In-stock
L-Glutamic acid-d₅ In-stock
L-Glutamic acid-d₃ In-stock
L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt In-stock
(S)-2-aminopentanedioic acid hydrochloride In-stock
L-Glutamic acid monopotassium salt In-stock
L-Glutamic acid ammonium In-stock
L-Glutamic acid (Standard) In-stock
L-Glutamic acid-14C Get quote
L-Glutamic acid-¹³C₅,¹⁵N,d₅ Get quote
L-Glutamic acid-¹⁵N,d₅ Get quote

15 Publications Citing Use of MCE L-Glutamic acid

Bio/Physico-chemical Assay

Flow Cytometry

Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay

RT-PCR

Cell Imaging/Staining

: L-Glutamic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Oct 5:e11194. [Abstract]; L-Glutamic acid (100 µM; 10 min) for activation of spike count. Spontaneous LFP activity is recorded from OPAB that has been pre-treated with Bicuculline and stimulated with L-Glutamic acid. The LFP signal from the activated OPAB is measured (pre), and then the electrical signal is inhibited for 10 min using a cocktail of TTX, CNQX, and AP5 and LFP was recorded again (post).

: L-Glutamic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2025 Jun 7;74(8):240. [Abstract]; Flow cytometry representative image showing the effect of exogenous glutamate (1 mM) on mouse primary T cells.

: L-Glutamic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Inflamm Res. 2025 Jan 27:18:1235-1254. [Abstract]; Viability of HT22 cells treated with Glutamate at different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mM) for 24 h (n=5 at each concentration).

: L-Glutamic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Inflamm Res. 2025 Jan 27:18:1235-1254. [Abstract]; The relative mRNA expression levels of c-fos in the control, glu (20 mM, 24 h) and lactate groups (n=6 in each group).

: L-Glutamic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Inflamm Res. 2025 Jan 27:18:1235-1254. [Abstract]; Fluorescence images of TUNEL staining of HT22 cells in the control, glu (20 mM, 24 h) and lactate groups.

: L-Glutamic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Inflamm Res. 2025 Jan 27:18:1235-1254. [Abstract]; Images of VGLUT1 fluorescence staining in HT22 cells from the control, glu (20 mM, 24 h) and lactate groups.

: L-Glutamic acid purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Transl Med. 2024 Feb 18;22(1):178. [Abstract]; PC3 and DU145 cells were treated with 10 μM glutamate for 24 h, after which the protein expression levels were analysed by western blotting. The expression intensity was normalized to that of β-tubulin (right panel).

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Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
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Description

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]

AMPA Receptor

Human Endogenous Metabolite

Microbial Metabolite

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
BHK-21	EC₅₀	1.8 μM Compound: (S)-Glu	Agonist activity at rat NR1/NR2A receptor expressed in BHK21 cells assessed as change in intracellular calcium levels by FLIPR assay Agonist activity at rat NR1/NR2A receptor expressed in BHK21 cells assessed as change in intracellular calcium levels by FLIPR assay	[PMID: 20408529]
CHO	EC₅₀	1.2 μM Compound: L-Glutamate	Activity at rat mGluR5 by measuring intracellular calcium concentration in CHO cells Activity at rat mGluR5 by measuring intracellular calcium concentration in CHO cells	[PMID: 16213710]
CHO	EC₅₀	1.2 μM Compound: L-Glutamate	Activity at rat recombinant mGluR5 expressed in CHO cells assessed as intracellular calcium concentration Activity at rat recombinant mGluR5 expressed in CHO cells assessed as intracellular calcium concentration	[PMID: 17350267]
CHO	EC₅₀	15 μM Compound: (s)-glu	Agonistic activity at mGlu4a receptor expressed in CHO cells Agonistic activity at mGlu4a receptor expressed in CHO cells	[PMID: 8759641]
CHO	EC₅₀	153 μM Compound: 157	Cytoprotection against glutamate-induced cell death in CHO cells assessed as increase in cell viability by colorimetric assay Cytoprotection against glutamate-induced cell death in CHO cells assessed as increase in cell viability by colorimetric assay	[PMID: 29939744]
CHO	EC₅₀	16 μM Compound: 157	Agonist activity at mGlu5 receptor (unknown origin) expressed in CHO cells assessed as increase in Gq-mediated PI hydrolysis after 45 mins by yttrium scintillation proximity assay Agonist activity at mGlu5 receptor (unknown origin) expressed in CHO cells assessed as increase in Gq-mediated PI hydrolysis after 45 mins by yttrium scintillation proximity assay	[PMID: 29939744]
CHO	EC₅₀	19 μM Compound: (s)-glu	Agonistic activity at mGlu1-alpha receptor expressed in CHO cells Agonistic activity at mGlu1-alpha receptor expressed in CHO cells	[PMID: 8759641]
CHO	EC₅₀	20 μM Compound: (s)-glu	Agonistic activity at mGlu6 receptor expressed in CHO cells Agonistic activity at mGlu6 receptor expressed in CHO cells	[PMID: 8759641]
CHO	EC₅₀	7.3 μM Compound: L-Glutamate	Activity at rat mGluR1 by measuring intracellular calcium concentration in CHO cells Activity at rat mGluR1 by measuring intracellular calcium concentration in CHO cells	[PMID: 16213710]
CHO	EC₅₀	7.3 μM Compound: L-Glutamate	Activity at rat recombinant mGluR1 expressed in CHO cells assessed as intracellular calcium concentration Activity at rat recombinant mGluR1 expressed in CHO cells assessed as intracellular calcium concentration	[PMID: 17350267]
CHO	EC₅₀	7.4 μM Compound: glutamate	Antagonistic activity against stimulation of GTP (gamma) 35 S binding by glutamate in membranes from CHO cells expressing human mGluR2 Antagonistic activity against stimulation of GTP (gamma) 35 S binding by glutamate in membranes from CHO cells expressing human mGluR2	[PMID: 11720869]
CHO	EC₅₀	7.6 μM Compound: L-Glutamate	Activity at rat mGluR6 by measuring cAMP formation in CHO cells Activity at rat mGluR6 by measuring cAMP formation in CHO cells	[PMID: 16213710]
CHO	EC₅₀	7.6 μM Compound: L-Glutamate	Activity at rat recombinant mGluR6 expressed in CHO cells assessed as cAMP production Activity at rat recombinant mGluR6 expressed in CHO cells assessed as cAMP production	[PMID: 17350267]
CHO	EC₅₀	8.5 μM Compound: (s)-glu	Agonistic activity at mGlu2 receptor expressed in CHO cells Agonistic activity at mGlu2 receptor expressed in CHO cells	[PMID: 8759641]
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.06 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at human mGluR3 receptor expressed in HEK cells Agonist activity at human mGluR3 receptor expressed in HEK cells	10.1039/C1MD00186H
HEK293	EC₅₀	0.06 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at rat mGlu3 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by [35S]GTP-gamma binding assay Agonist activity at rat mGlu3 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by [35S]GTP-gamma binding assay	[PMID: 26814576]
HEK293	EC₅₀	1.05 μM Compound: Glutamic acid	Effect of compound on Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 expressed in HEK 293 cells was determined by measuring IP production relative to glutamate Effect of compound on Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 expressed in HEK 293 cells was determined by measuring IP production relative to glutamate	[PMID: 10673095]
HEK293	EC₅₀	1.18 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at human mGlu7 receptor expressed in HEK293 assessed as inhibition of forskolin stimulated cAMP production Agonist activity at human mGlu7 receptor expressed in HEK293 assessed as inhibition of forskolin stimulated cAMP production	[PMID: 26814576]
HEK293	EC₅₀	1.6 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at human mGluR1 receptor expressed in HEK cells Agonist activity at human mGluR1 receptor expressed in HEK cells	10.1039/C1MD00186H
HEK293	EC₅₀	1.6 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at rat mGlu1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by intracellular Ca2+ mobilization assay Agonist activity at rat mGlu1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by intracellular Ca2+ mobilization assay	[PMID: 26814576]
HEK293	EC₅₀	1.8 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at human mGluR2 receptor expressed in HEK cells Agonist activity at human mGluR2 receptor expressed in HEK cells	10.1039/C1MD00186H
HEK293	EC₅₀	1.8 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at rat mGlu2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by [35S]GTP-gamma binding assay Agonist activity at rat mGlu2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by [35S]GTP-gamma binding assay	[PMID: 26814576]
HEK293	EC₅₀	100 μM Compound: L-Glu	Activity at rat cloned iGluR3 expressed in human HEK293 cells by calcium imaging assay Activity at rat cloned iGluR3 expressed in human HEK293 cells by calcium imaging assay	[PMID: 18338843]
HEK293	EC₅₀	110 μM Compound: (S)-Glu	Agonist activity at GluR1 E683A/M686V/I687A mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay Agonist activity at GluR1 E683A/M686V/I687A mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	[PMID: 17672447]
HEK293	EC₅₀	1180 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at human mGluR7 receptor expressed in HEK cells Agonist activity at human mGluR7 receptor expressed in HEK cells	10.1039/C1MD00186H
HEK293	EC₅₀	12.57 μM Compound: Glutamate	Agonist activity at rat mGluR4 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of inositol phosphate production by HTRF assay Agonist activity at rat mGluR4 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of inositol phosphate production by HTRF assay	[PMID: 25958247]
HEK293	EC₅₀	13.08 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at rat mGlu2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as IP1 accumulation by IP-One functional assay Agonist activity at rat mGlu2 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as IP1 accumulation by IP-One functional assay	[PMID: 26814576]
HEK293	EC₅₀	13.65 μM Compound: Glutamate	Agonist activity at rat mGluR5 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of inositol phosphate production by HTRF assay Agonist activity at rat mGluR5 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of inositol phosphate production by HTRF assay	[PMID: 25958247]
HEK293	EC₅₀	13.87 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at rat mGlu1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as IP1 accumulation by IP-One functional assay Agonist activity at rat mGlu1 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as IP1 accumulation by IP-One functional assay	[PMID: 26814576]
HEK293	EC₅₀	130 μM Compound: L-Glu	Activity at rat cloned iGluR5 expressed in human HEK293 cells by calcium imaging assay Activity at rat cloned iGluR5 expressed in human HEK293 cells by calcium imaging assay	[PMID: 18338843]
HEK293	EC₅₀	14.01 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at rat mGlu8 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as IP1 accumulation by IP-One functional assay Agonist activity at rat mGlu8 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as IP1 accumulation by IP-One functional assay	[PMID: 26814576]
HEK293	EC₅₀	140 μM Compound: (S)-Glu	Agonist activity at GluR1 I687A mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay Agonist activity at GluR1 I687A mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	[PMID: 17672447]
HEK293	EC₅₀	140 μM Compound: (S)-Glu	Agonist activity at GluR2Q expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay Agonist activity at GluR2Q expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	[PMID: 17672447]
HEK293	EC₅₀	140 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR5(Q) RNA-edited isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR5(Q) RNA-edited isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	[PMID: 19588945]
HEK293	EC₅₀	140 μM Compound: L-Glu	Activity at rat cloned iGluR2 expressed in human HEK293 cells by calcium imaging assay Activity at rat cloned iGluR2 expressed in human HEK293 cells by calcium imaging assay	[PMID: 18338843]
HEK293	EC₅₀	16 μM Compound: 33032	Substrate uptake by the Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 (EAAT1, SLC1A3) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC1A3 cells (PubChem AID: 1745864) Substrate uptake by the Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 (EAAT1, SLC1A3) as assessed by the fluorescent FLIPR membrane potential dye in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC1A3 cells (PubChem AID: 1745864)	10.5281/zenodo.6782621
HEK293	EC₅₀	16 μM Compound: Glutamate	Agonist activity in rat at Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 expressed in HEK293 cells Agonist activity in rat at Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 expressed in HEK293 cells	[PMID: 11412983]
HEK293	EC₅₀	17 μM Compound: L-Glu	Activity at rat cloned iGluR4 expressed in human HEK293 cells by calcium imaging assay Activity at rat cloned iGluR4 expressed in human HEK293 cells by calcium imaging assay	[PMID: 18338843]
HEK293	EC₅₀	18.25 μM Compound: Glutamate	Agonist activity at rat mGluR2 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of inositol phosphate production by HTRF assay Agonist activity at rat mGluR2 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of inositol phosphate production by HTRF assay	[PMID: 25958247]
HEK293	EC₅₀	190 μM Compound: (S)-Glutamate	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA2 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA2 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 20096591]
HEK293	EC₅₀	190 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR2(Q) RNA-edited isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR2(Q) RNA-edited isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	[PMID: 19588945]
HEK293	EC₅₀	2.88 μM Compound: 1, Glu	Agonist activity at rat mGlu4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells coexpressing Gq/Gi and EAAC1 assessed as intracellular calcium production measured every 1.5 secs for 60 secs by Fluo-4-AM based fluorometry Agonist activity at rat mGlu4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells coexpressing Gq/Gi and EAAC1 assessed as intracellular calcium production measured every 1.5 secs for 60 secs by Fluo-4-AM based fluorometry	[PMID: 22750138]
HEK293	EC₅₀	20 μM Compound: (S)-Glutamate	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA4 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA4 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 20096591]
HEK293	EC₅₀	20 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR4 flip isomer expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR4 flip isomer expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	[PMID: 19588945]
HEK293	EC₅₀	21.47 μM Compound: Glutamate	Agonist activity at rat mGluR8 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of inositol phosphate production by HTRF assay Agonist activity at rat mGluR8 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of inositol phosphate production by HTRF assay	[PMID: 25958247]
HEK293	EC₅₀	22 μM Compound: 1,Glu	Induction of calcium influx in HEK293 cells expressing human GLUK5 by FLIPR assay Induction of calcium influx in HEK293 cells expressing human GLUK5 by FLIPR assay	[PMID: 16610801]
HEK293	EC₅₀	23.16 μM Compound: Glutamate	Agonist activity at rat mGluR1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of inositol phosphate production by HTRF assay Agonist activity at rat mGluR1 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of inositol phosphate production by HTRF assay	[PMID: 25958247]
HEK293	EC₅₀	24 μM Compound: 1; (S)-Glu	Agonist activity at GluA3 receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed induction of S-glutamate-induced calcium flux measured after 90 secs in presence of cyclothiazide by Fluo4-AM dye-based fluorescence assay Agonist activity at GluA3 receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed induction of S-glutamate-induced calcium flux measured after 90 secs in presence of cyclothiazide by Fluo4-AM dye-based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 30943028]
HEK293	EC₅₀	25 μM Compound: Glutamate	Compound was tested for agonistic activity at Glutamate receptor 6 using HEK293 cells Compound was tested for agonistic activity at Glutamate receptor 6 using HEK293 cells	[PMID: 10969973]
HEK293	EC₅₀	25 μM Compound: glutamate	Effective concentration against human GluR6 expressed in HEK293 cells Effective concentration against human GluR6 expressed in HEK293 cells	[PMID: 10821708]
HEK293	EC₅₀	27 μM Compound: 1,Glu	Induction of calcium influx in HEK293 cells expressing human GLUK5/GLUK6 by FLIPR assay Induction of calcium influx in HEK293 cells expressing human GLUK5/GLUK6 by FLIPR assay	[PMID: 16610801]
HEK293	EC₅₀	28 μM Compound: (S)-Glu	Agonist activity at GluR4 expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay Agonist activity at GluR4 expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	[PMID: 17672447]
HEK293	EC₅₀	3 μM Compound: Glutamate	Agonist activity in rat at Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 expressed in HEK293 cells Agonist activity in rat at Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 expressed in HEK293 cells	[PMID: 11412983]
HEK293	EC₅₀	3.2 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at human mGluR4 receptor expressed in HEK cells Agonist activity at human mGluR4 receptor expressed in HEK cells	10.1039/C1MD00186H
HEK293	EC₅₀	3.2 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at rat mGlu4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin stimulated cAMP production Agonist activity at rat mGlu4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of forskolin stimulated cAMP production	[PMID: 26814576]
HEK293	EC₅₀	33 μM Compound: 1; (S)-Glu	Agonist activity at GluA1 receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed induction of S-glutamate-induced calcium flux measured after 90 secs in presence of cyclothiazide by Fluo4-AM dye-based fluorescence assay Agonist activity at GluA1 receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed induction of S-glutamate-induced calcium flux measured after 90 secs in presence of cyclothiazide by Fluo4-AM dye-based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 30943028]
HEK293	EC₅₀	35 μM Compound: 1,Glu	Induction of calcium influx in HEK293 cells expressing human GLUK5/GLUK2 by FLIPR assay Induction of calcium influx in HEK293 cells expressing human GLUK5/GLUK2 by FLIPR assay	[PMID: 16610801]
HEK293	EC₅₀	35 μM Compound: L-Glu	Activity at rat cloned iGluR1 expressed in human HEK293 cells by calcium imaging assay Activity at rat cloned iGluR1 expressed in human HEK293 cells by calcium imaging assay	[PMID: 18338843]
HEK293	EC₅₀	39 μM Compound: (S)-Glu	Agonist activity at GluR1 E683A mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay Agonist activity at GluR1 E683A mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	[PMID: 17672447]
HEK293	EC₅₀	398 μM Compound: L-glu	Inhibition of the Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 (EAAT1, SLC1A3) as assessed by a phenotypic impedance-based assay detecting changes in cell morphology by L-glutamate uptake in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC1A3 cells (PubChem AID: 1745862) Inhibition of the Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1 (EAAT1, SLC1A3) as assessed by a phenotypic impedance-based assay detecting changes in cell morphology by L-glutamate uptake in HEK-293 JumpIN-SLC1A3 cells (PubChem AID: 1745862)	[PMID: 35677430]
HEK293	EC₅₀	4.7 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at human mGluR5 receptor expressed in HEK cells Agonist activity at human mGluR5 receptor expressed in HEK cells	10.1039/C1MD00186H
HEK293	EC₅₀	4.7 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at rat mGlu5 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by intracellular Ca2+ mobilization assay Agonist activity at rat mGlu5 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells by intracellular Ca2+ mobilization assay	[PMID: 26814576]
HEK293	EC₅₀	4.8 μM Compound: 1; (S)-Glu	Agonist activity at GluA4 receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed induction of S-glutamate-induced calcium flux measured after 90 secs in presence of cyclothiazide by Fluo4-AM dye-based fluorescence assay Agonist activity at GluA4 receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed induction of S-glutamate-induced calcium flux measured after 90 secs in presence of cyclothiazide by Fluo4-AM dye-based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 30943028]
HEK293	EC₅₀	51 μM Compound: (S)-Glutamate	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA1 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA1 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 20096591]
HEK293	EC₅₀	51 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR1 flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR1 flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	[PMID: 19588945]
HEK293	EC₅₀	52 μM Compound: (S)-Glutamate	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA3 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA3 receptor flip isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as effect on cyclothiazide-induced calcium flux by Fluo-4/AM staining-based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 20096591]
HEK293	EC₅₀	52 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR3 flip isomer expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR3 flip isomer expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	[PMID: 19588945]
HEK293	EC₅₀	57 μM Compound: 1; (S)-Glu	Agonist activity at GluA2(Q) receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed induction of S-glutamate-induced calcium flux measured after 90 secs in presence of cyclothiazide by Fluo4-AM dye-based fluorescence assay Agonist activity at GluA2(Q) receptor (unknown origin) expressed in HEK293 cells assessed induction of S-glutamate-induced calcium flux measured after 90 secs in presence of cyclothiazide by Fluo4-AM dye-based fluorescence assay	[PMID: 30943028]
HEK293	EC₅₀	60 μM Compound: (S)-Glu	Agonist activity at GluR1 D399S/M686V/I687A mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay Agonist activity at GluR1 D399S/M686V/I687A mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	[PMID: 17672447]
HEK293	EC₅₀	63 μM Compound: (S)-Glu	Agonist activity at GluR1 M686V mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay Agonist activity at GluR1 M686V mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	[PMID: 17672447]
HEK293	EC₅₀	65.09 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at rat mGlu6 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as IP1 accumulation by IP-One functional assay Agonist activity at rat mGlu6 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as IP1 accumulation by IP-One functional assay	[PMID: 26814576]
HEK293	EC₅₀	66 μM Compound: L-Glu	Activity at rat cloned iGluR6 expressed in human HEK293 cells by calcium imaging assay Activity at rat cloned iGluR6 expressed in human HEK293 cells by calcium imaging assay	[PMID: 18338843]
HEK293	EC₅₀	67 μM Compound: (S)-Glu	Agonist activity at GluR3 expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay Agonist activity at GluR3 expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	[PMID: 17672447]
HEK293	EC₅₀	69 μM Compound: (S)-Glu	Agonist activity at GluR1 D399S mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay Agonist activity at GluR1 D399S mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	[PMID: 17672447]
HEK293	EC₅₀	71 μM Compound: (S)-Glu	Agonist activity at GluR1 expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay Agonist activity at GluR1 expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	[PMID: 17672447]
HEK293	EC₅₀	73 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR6(Q) RNA-edited isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluR6(Q) RNA-edited isoform expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as increase in intracellular calcium level by Fluo-4/AM assay	[PMID: 19588945]
HEK293	EC₅₀	75 μM Compound: Glutamate	Compound was tested for agonistic activity at Glutamate receptor 5 using HEK293 cells Compound was tested for agonistic activity at Glutamate receptor 5 using HEK293 cells	[PMID: 10969973]
HEK293	EC₅₀	75 μM Compound: glutamate	Effective concentration against GluR5 expressed in HEK293 cells Effective concentration against GluR5 expressed in HEK293 cells	[PMID: 10821708]
HEK293	EC₅₀	76 μM Compound: (S)-Glu	Agonist activity at GluR1 M686V/I687 mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay Agonist activity at GluR1 M686V/I687 mutant expressed in HEK293 cells by Fluo-4/Ca2+ assay	[PMID: 17672447]
HEK293	EC₅₀	8 μM Compound: Glutamate	Agonist activity in rat at Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 expressed in HEK293 cells Agonist activity in rat at Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 expressed in HEK293 cells	[PMID: 11412983]
HEK293	EC₅₀	8.99 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at rat mGlu5 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as IP1 accumulation by IP-One functional assay Agonist activity at rat mGlu5 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as IP1 accumulation by IP-One functional assay	[PMID: 26814576]
HEK293	EC₅₀	82.21 μM Compound: Glutamate	Agonist activity at rat mGluR6 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of inositol phosphate production by HTRF assay Agonist activity at rat mGluR6 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of inositol phosphate production by HTRF assay	[PMID: 25958247]
HEK293	EC₅₀	9.49 μM Compound: Glu	Agonist activity at rat mGlu4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as IP1 accumulation by IP-One functional assay Agonist activity at rat mGlu4 receptor expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as IP1 accumulation by IP-One functional assay	[PMID: 26814576]
HEK293	EC₅₀	> 100 μM Compound: Glutamate	Agonist activity at rat mGluR7 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of inositol phosphate production by HTRF assay Agonist activity at rat mGluR7 expressed in HEK293 cells assessed as induction of inositol phosphate production by HTRF assay	[PMID: 25958247]
Neuron	EC₅₀	35.2 μM Compound: glutamate	Effective concentration against Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurones Effective concentration against Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurones	[PMID: 10821708]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	0.45 μM Compound: 1, Glu	Activity at rat NR1/NR2D receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as effect on glutamate-induced current by two voltage clamp electrophysiology Activity at rat NR1/NR2D receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as effect on glutamate-induced current by two voltage clamp electrophysiology	[PMID: 18578474]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	1 μM Compound: 1, Glu	Activity at rat recombinant NR1/NR2C receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as effect on glutamate-induced current by two voltage clamp electrophysiology Activity at rat recombinant NR1/NR2C receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as effect on glutamate-induced current by two voltage clamp electrophysiology	[PMID: 18578474]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	1.3 μM Compound: (S)-Glutamate	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA3 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA3 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	1.8 μM Compound: 1, Glu	Activity at rat recombinant NR1/NR2B receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as effect on glutamate-induced current by two voltage clamp electrophysiology Activity at rat recombinant NR1/NR2B receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as effect on glutamate-induced current by two voltage clamp electrophysiology	[PMID: 18578474]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	108 μM Compound: (S)-Glu	Agonist activity at rat GluK2 mutant expressed in Xenopus oocytes by two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology Agonist activity at rat GluK2 mutant expressed in Xenopus oocytes by two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology	[PMID: 21619066]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	11 μM Compound: (S)-Glutamate	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA2A3 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes Agonist activity at recombinant GluA2A3 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	14 μM Compound: (S)-Glu	Activity at recombinant iGluR2 receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes using holding potential of -15 to -20 mV by TEVC electrophysiology Activity at recombinant iGluR2 receptor expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes using holding potential of -15 to -20 mV by TEVC electrophysiology	[PMID: 20408529]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	18 μM Compound: (S)-Glutamate	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA1A2 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes Agonist activity at recombinant GluA1A2 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	2.19 μM Compound: (S)-Glutamate	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA2 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP Agonist activity at recombinant GluA2 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	2.26 μM Compound: (S)-Glutamate	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA1 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP Agonist activity at recombinant GluA1 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	2.75 μM Compound: (S)-Glutamate	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA4 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP Agonist activity at recombinant GluA4 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	2.9 μM Compound: 1, Glu	Activity at rat recombinant NR1/NR2A receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as effect on glutamate-induced current by two voltage clamp electrophysiology Activity at rat recombinant NR1/NR2A receptor expressed in Xenopus oocytes assessed as effect on glutamate-induced current by two voltage clamp electrophysiology	[PMID: 18578474]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	22 μM Compound: (S)-Glutamate	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA1 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes Agonist activity at recombinant GluA1 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	3.5 μM Compound: (S)-Glutamate	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA2A4 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes Agonist activity at recombinant GluA2A4 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	3.66 μM Compound: (S)-Glutamate	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA3 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP Agonist activity at recombinant GluA3 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes co-expressing gamma2-TARP	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	32.3 μM Compound: (S)-Glutamate	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA2A4 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes Agonist activity at recombinant GluA2A4 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	35 μM Compound: (S)-Glutamate	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA3 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes Agonist activity at recombinant GluA3 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	6.16 μM Compound: (S)-Glutamate	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA1A2 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes Agonist activity at recombinant GluA1A2 receptor flip isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	6.2 μM Compound: (S)-Glutamate	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA2 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes Agonist activity at recombinant GluA2 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	6.4 μM Compound: (S)-Glutamate	Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA1 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes Agonist activity at rat recombinant GluA1 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	8.1 μM Compound: (S)-Glutamate	Agonist activity at recombinant GluA4 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes Agonist activity at recombinant GluA4 receptor flop isoform expressed in Xenopus oocytes	[PMID: 20096591]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	83.5 μM Compound: (S)-Glu	Agonist activity at Non-desensitized homomeric rat GluK1(Q)1b mutant expressed in Xenopus oocytes by two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology Agonist activity at Non-desensitized homomeric rat GluK1(Q)1b mutant expressed in Xenopus oocytes by two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology	[PMID: 21619066]
Oocyte	EC₅₀	9030 μM Compound: (S)-Glu	Agonist activity at non-desensitized homomeric rat GluK3 mutant expressed in Xenopus oocytes by two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology Agonist activity at non-desensitized homomeric rat GluK3 mutant expressed in Xenopus oocytes by two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology	[PMID: 21619066]

In Vitro

L-Glutamic acid (120, 500, 750, 1000 mg/dL) can reduce the harmful effect of lithium on the embryonic development of Xenopus Xenopus^[3].
L-Glutamic acid (2, 5, 10, 20 mM, 24-48 h) can induce neuroexcitotoxicity in neuroblastoma^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[4]

Cell Line:	SH-SY5Y, IMR-32, SK-N-BE(2)
Concentration:	2, 5, 10, 20 mM
Incubation Time:	24 and 48 h
Result:	Reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner.

In Vivo

L-Glutamic acid (3 g/kg, subcutaneous injection) can promote excitotoxic degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in mice^[1].
L-Glutamic acid (750 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) can reduce and inhibit oxidative stress induced by chlorpyrifos (CPF) in rats^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	Crv4 mice model^[1]
Dosage:	3 g/kg
Administration:	s.c., single dose
Result:	Reduced the number of Brn-3a⁺ RGCs by >70%. In the absence of mGlu1 receptor, MSG-induced retinal damage is diminished.

Animal Model:	CPF-induced rat model^[5]
Dosage:	750 mg/kg
Administration:	i.p.
Result:	Reduced CPF-induced oxidative stress by increasing the level of GSH and activity of GSH-related enzymes.

Molecular Weight

147.13

Formula

C₅H₉NO₄

CAS No.

56-86-0

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

OC(CC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=O

Structure Classification

Amino acids

Initial Source

Microorganisms

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Store at room temperature 3 years

In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

H₂O : 6.25 mg/mL (42.48 mM; Need ultrasonic)

DMSO : < 1 mg/mL (insoluble or slightly soluble)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	6.7967 mL	33.9836 mL	67.9671 mL
5 mM	1.3593 mL	6.7967 mL	13.5934 mL
10 mM	0.6797 mL	3.3984 mL	6.7967 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 1 year; -20°C, 6 months. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 1 year. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 6 months.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

Molarity Calculator
Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 9.09 mg/mL (61.78 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

mg/kg

Animal weight
(per animal)

Dosing volume
(per animal)

μL

Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.96%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (280 KB) SDS (393 KB)

COA (311 KB) HNMR (120 KB) RP-HPLC (112 KB) MS (192 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Liberatore F, et al. Permissive role for mGlu1 metabotropic glutamate receptors in excitotoxic retinal degeneration. Neuroscience. 2017 Nov 5;363:142-149. [Content Brief]

[2]. Giorguieff MF, et al. Presynaptic effect of L-glutamic acid on the release of dopamine in rat striatal slices. Neurosci Lett. 1977 Oct;6(1):73-7. [Content Brief]

[3]. Boga Pekmezekmek A, et al. L-Glutamic acid monosodium salt reduces the harmful effect of lithium on the development of Xenopus laevis embryos. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Nov;27(33):42124-42132. [Content Brief]

[4]. Croce N, et al. Hydrochloric acid alters the effect of L-glutamic acid on cell viability in human neuroblastoma cell cultures. J Neurosci Methods. 2013 Jul 15;217(1-2):26-30. [Content Brief]

[5]. Salyha N, et al. Protective role of l-glutamic acid and l-cysteine in mitigation the chlorpyrifos-induced oxidative stress in rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2018 Dec;64:155-163. [Content Brief]

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

H₂O	1 mM	6.7967 mL	33.9836 mL	67.9671 mL	169.9178 mL
	5 mM	1.3593 mL	6.7967 mL	13.5934 mL	33.9836 mL
	10 mM	0.6797 mL	3.3984 mL	6.7967 mL	16.9918 mL
	15 mM	0.4531 mL	2.2656 mL	4.5311 mL	11.3279 mL
	20 mM	0.3398 mL	1.6992 mL	3.3984 mL	8.4959 mL
	25 mM	0.2719 mL	1.3593 mL	2.7187 mL	6.7967 mL
	30 mM	0.2266 mL	1.1328 mL	2.2656 mL	5.6639 mL
	40 mM	0.1699 mL	0.8496 mL	1.6992 mL	4.2479 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

L-Glutamic acid Related Classifications

Neurological Disease

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

L-Glutamic acid56-86-0FerroptosisEnvironmental PollutantsEndogenous MetaboliteApoptosisiGluREnvironmental ContaminantsIonotropic glutamate receptorsNMDAAgonistSH-SY5YIMR-32SK-N-BE(2)NeurotoxicityCrv4 miceInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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L-Glutamic acid

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