Actinine (Synonyms: γ-Butyrobetaine; Deoxycarnitine)

Cat. No.: HY-113270 Purity: 99.90%: Data Sheet
COA

SDS
Handling Instructions
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Actinine is a metabolic and pro-atherogenic intermediate with oral activity. Actinine acts as a substrate for the yeaW/X microbial enzyme complex to generate trimethylamine (TMA). Actinine accelerates atherosclerosis development in a gut microbe-dependent manner. Actinine can be used for the research of atherosclerosis.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Actinine Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 407-64-7

Size	Stock	Quantity
Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO ready for reconstitution	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solution
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
Solid
25 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
50 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
100 mg	In-stock	Estimated Time of Arrival: December 31
200 mg	Get quote
500 mg	Get quote

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Other Forms of Actinine:

Actinine chloride In-stock

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Human Endogenous Metabolite Microbial Metabolite

Biological Activity
Purity & Documentation
References
Customer Review

Description

In Vitro

Actinine (γBB) served as a substrate for the microbial enzyme complex yeaW/X from E. coli, which exhibited TMA lyase activity^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Dietary supplementation with γBB (1.3% gm/gm; dietary supplementation; from weaning until 19 weeks of age) increases aortic root atherosclerotic plaque area by 50% in a gut microbe-dependent manner^[1].
Chronic dietary supplementation with γBB (1.3% gm/gm; dietary supplementation; from weaning until 10 weeks of age) induces gut microbial functional capacity to produce TMA and TMAO from γBB but not from L-carnitine^[1].
Gut microbial colonization is required for γBB (gastric gavage) conversion to TMA and TMAO, while γBB conversion to carnitine occurs via the host endogenous pathway^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:	C57BL/6J, Apoe−/− (female)^[1]
Dosage:	1.3% (gm/gm, dietary supplementation)
Administration:	dietary supplementation; from weaning until 19 weeks of age
Result:	Increased total aortic root plaque area by 50% compared to chow-fed controls; Eliminated plaque area increase when gut microbes were suppressed by antibiotics.

Animal Model:	C57BL/6J, Apoe−/− (female)^[1]
Dosage:	1.3% (gm/gm, dietary supplementation)
Administration:	dietary supplementation; from weaning until 10 weeks of age; gastric gavage (d9-γBB or d3-carnitine challenge)
Result:	Markedly increased production of d9-TMA and d9-TMAO from d9-γBB challenge compared to chow-fed controls; Modestly increased d3-TMA and d3-γBB production from d3-carnitine challenge; Showed no enhanced d3-TMAO production from d3-carnitine challenge.

Animal Model:	Swiss Webster (female, germ-free)^[1]
Dosage:	Not specified
Administration:	gastric gavage
Result:	Produced no detectable d9-TMA or d9-TMAO from d9-γBB challenge; Produced d9-carnitine from d9-γBB challenge; Acquired capacity to produce d9-TMA and d9-TMAO from d9-γBB challenge after conventionalization.

Molecular Weight

145.20

Formula

C₇H₁₅NO₂

CAS No.

407-64-7

Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

C[N+](C)(C)CCCC([O-])=O

Structure Classification

Others

Initial Source

Microorganisms

Endogenous metabolite

Porphyra yezoensis

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

-20°C, stored under nitrogen

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen)

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 25 mg/mL (172.18 mM; ultrasonic and adjust pH to 3 with HCl; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions

Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg

1 mM	6.8871 mL	34.4353 mL	68.8705 mL
5 mM	1.3774 mL	6.8871 mL	13.7741 mL
10 mM	0.6887 mL	3.4435 mL	6.8871 mL

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (stored under nitrogen). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

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Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

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Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage

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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Calculation results:

Working solution concentration: mg/mL

Purity & Documentation

Purity: 99.90%

Select Batch:

Data Sheet (268 KB) SDS (252 KB)

COA (243 KB) HNMR (208 KB) RP-HPLC (246 KB) MS (68 KB)

Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. HY-113270.pdf

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg

DMSO	1 mM	6.8871 mL	34.4353 mL	68.8705 mL	172.1763 mL
	5 mM	1.3774 mL	6.8871 mL	13.7741 mL	34.4353 mL
	10 mM	0.6887 mL	3.4435 mL	6.8871 mL	17.2176 mL
	15 mM	0.4591 mL	2.2957 mL	4.5914 mL	11.4784 mL
	20 mM	0.3444 mL	1.7218 mL	3.4435 mL	8.6088 mL
	25 mM	0.2755 mL	1.3774 mL	2.7548 mL	6.8871 mL
	30 mM	0.2296 mL	1.1478 mL	2.2957 mL	5.7392 mL
	40 mM	0.1722 mL	0.8609 mL	1.7218 mL	4.3044 mL
	50 mM	0.1377 mL	0.6887 mL	1.3774 mL	3.4435 mL
	60 mM	0.1148 mL	0.5739 mL	1.1478 mL	2.8696 mL
	80 mM	0.0861 mL	0.4304 mL	0.8609 mL	2.1522 mL
	100 mM	0.0689 mL	0.3444 mL	0.6887 mL	1.7218 mL

Actinine Related Classifications

Metabolic Disease

Help & FAQs

Do most proteins show cross-species activity?
Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Actinine407-64-7γ-Butyrobetaine DeoxycarnitineEndogenous MetaboliteE. coliatherosclerosistrimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)L-carnitinetrimethylamine (TMA)host hepatichost endogenous carnitine biosynthesis pathwaygut microbial communitiesyeaW/X microbial enzyme complexflavin monooxygenase 3 (FMO3)Inhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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