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  6. TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Mouse (147a.a)

TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Mouse (147a.a)

Cat. No.: HY-P70571
COA Handling Instructions

Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF alpha) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine. TNF alpha binds to its receptors, mainly TNFR1 and TNFR2, and then transmits molecular signals for biological functions such as inflammation and cell death. TNF alpha stimulates NF-κB pathway via TNFR2 promotes cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Anti-TNF-α MAb significantly suppresses the tumor development in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) mouse. TNF alpha as a proneurogenic factor activates the SAPK/JNK Pathway and can facilitate neuronal replacement and brain repair in response to brain injury.TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Mouse (147a.a) is a recombinant protein consisting of 147 amino acids (D89-L235) and is produced in E. coli.

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Description

Tumour Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF alpha) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine[1]. TNF alpha binds to its receptors, mainly TNFR1 and TNFR2, and then transmits molecular signals for biological functions such as inflammation and cell death[2]. TNF alpha stimulates NF-κB pathway via TNFR2 promotes cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Anti-TNF-α MAb significantly suppresses the tumor development in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) mouse[3]. TNF alpha as a proneurogenic factor activates the SAPK/JNK Pathway and can facilitate neuronal replacement and brain repair in response to brain injury[4].TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Mouse (147a.a) is a recombinant protein consisting of 147 amino acids (D89-L235) and is produced in E. coli.

Background

TNF alpha is produced by various types of cells including macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T cells, and NK-cells[2].
The amino acid sequence of human TNF alpha protein has low homology between mouse, rat, bovine, cynomolgus TNF alpha protein. While, human TNF alpha shares 94.85% aa sequence identity with cynomolgus TNF alpha protein, mouse TNF alpha shares 94.47% aa sequence identity with rat TNF alpha protein.
TNF alpha exists in two forms; a type II transmembrane protein (tmTNF-α) and a mature soluble protein (sTNF-α). TNF-α binds to its receptors, mainly TNFR1 and TNFR2, and then transmits molecular signals for biological functions such as inflammation and cell death. Both sTNF-α and tmTNF-α activate TNFR1, and process a death domain (DD) that interacts with the TNFR1-associated death domain (TRADD) adaptor protein. The TNFR2 signaling pathway is mainly activated by tmTNF-α. TNFR1 signaling tends to be pro-inflammatory and apoptotic. TNFR2 results in NF-κB and MAPKs and AKT activation, TNFR2 activation is associated with homeostatic bioactivities such as tissue regeneration, cell proliferation, and cell survival, as well as host defense and inflammation[1].
TNF-alpha is critical for normal immune response, abnormal secretion TNF alpha activates synovial fibroblasts, keratinocytes, osteoclasts, induces rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and noninfectious uveitis (NIU)[3]. TNF alpha positively regulates endogenous TNF-α expression levels independently of Pgp efflux activity, induces IHF cells proliferation[4]. TNF alpha in tissues may promote cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Besides, TNF alpha stimulates NF-κB pathway via TNFR2 and anti-TNF-α MAb significantly suppresses the tumor development in colitis-associated cancer (CAC) mouse[5]. TNF alpha as a proneurogenic factor activates the SAPK/JNK pathway and can facilitate neuronal replacement and brain repair in response to brain injury[6].

In Vitro

TNF alpha (mouse) (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40 ng/ml; 5 min) stimulates NF-κB Pathway and upregulates the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα in CT26 cells in a dose-dependent manner[5].
TNF alpha (mouse) (1, 10 ng/mL; 7 days) induces neuronal differentiation in SVZ cells via TNFR1 activation[6].
TNF alpha (mouse) (1, 10; 100 ng/mL; 48 h) induces cell proliferation at 1 ng/mL and at high concentrations (10 and 100 ng/ml) TNF-α induces cell apoptosis in SVZ cells[6].

Biological Activity

The cytotoxicity assay using L-929 mouse fibroblast cells in the presence of the metabolic inhibitor actinomycin D has an ED50value of 2-8 pg/mL.

Species

Mouse

Source

E. coli

Tag

Tag Free

Accession

P06804 (D89-L235)

Gene ID
Molecular Construction
N-term
TGF-α (D89-L235)
Accession # P06804
C-term
Synonyms
Tumor Necrosis Factor; Cachectin; TNF-Alpha; Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 2; TNF-a; Tumor Necrosis Factor; Membrane Form; Tumor Necrosis Factor; Soluble Form; Tnf; Tnfa; Tnfsf2
AA Sequence

DKPVAHVVANHQVEEQLEWLSQRANALLANGMDLKDNQLVVPADGLYLVYSQVLFKGQGCPDYVLLTHTVSRFAISYQEKVNLLSAVKSPCPKDTPEGAELKPWYEPIYLGGVFQLEKGDQLSAEVNLPKYLDFAESGQVYFGVIAL

Molecular Weight

Approximately 17.0 kDa

Purity

Greater than 95% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE.

Appearance

Lyophilized powder

Formulation

Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution of PBS, pH 7.4 or 50 mM Tris-HCL, 300 mM NaCl, pH 7.4.

Endotoxin Level

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.

Reconstitution

It is not recommended to reconstitute to a concentration less than 100 μg/mL in ddH2O. For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% BSA, 5% HSA, 10% FBS or 5% Trehalose).

Storage & Stability

Stored at -20°C for 2 years. After reconstitution, it is stable at 4°C for 1 week or -20°C for longer (with carrier protein). It is recommended to freeze aliquots at -20°C or -80°C for extended storage.

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

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The reconstitution calculator equation

Volume (to add to vial) = Mass (in vial) ÷ Desired Reconstitution Concentration

Volume (to add to vial) = Mass (in vial) ÷ Desired Reconstitution Concentration
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The dilution calculator equation

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
× = ×
C1   V1   C2   V2

The specific activity calculator equation

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)

Specific Activity (Unit/mg) = 106 ÷ Biological Activity (ED50)
Unit/mg = 106 ÷ ng/mL

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Product Name:
TNF-alpha/TNFSF2 Protein, Mouse (147a.a)
Cat. No.:
HY-P70571
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