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Metformin

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	AMPK (13) Apoptosis (8) Autophagy (7) Bacterial (2) Biochemical Assay Reagents (1) Drug Intermediate (5) E1/E2/E3 Enzyme (1) Endogenous Metabolite (2) FBPase (1) Histone Demethylase (1) Interleukin Related (1) IRAK (1) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (4) JAK (1) Mitochondrial Metabolism (3) Mitophagy (8) Monocarboxylate Transporter (2) mTOR (7) NADH Dehydrogenase (1) Parasite (1) Reference Standards (3) SGLT (1) STAT (1) TNF Receptor (1)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (10) Cardiovascular Disease (9) Infection (3) Inflammation/Immunology (7) Metabolic Disease (15) Neurological Disease (6)

By Targets:

AMPK (13)

Apoptosis (8)

Autophagy (7)

Bacterial (2)

Biochemical Assay Reagents (1)

Drug Intermediate (5)

E1/E2/E3 Enzyme (1)

Endogenous Metabolite (2)

FBPase (1)

Histone Demethylase (1)

Interleukin Related (1)

IRAK (1)

Isotope-Labeled Compounds (4)

JAK (1)

Mitochondrial Metabolism (3)

Mitophagy (8)

Monocarboxylate Transporter (2)

mTOR (7)

NADH Dehydrogenase (1)

Parasite (1)

Reference Standards (3)

SGLT (1)

STAT (1)

TNF Receptor (1)

By Research Areas:

Cancer (10)

Cardiovascular Disease (9)

Infection (3)

Inflammation/Immunology (7)

Metabolic Disease (15)

Neurological Disease (6)

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-B0627

*Metformin* Maximum Cited Publications 196 Publications Verification 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide	AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR	Cardiovascular Disease Infection Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-17471A

Metformin hydrochloride Maximum Cited Publications 196 Publications Verification 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride	AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR	Cardiovascular Disease Infection Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-N4115

Syrosingopine 10+ Cited Publications Su 3118	Monocarboxylate Transporter	Cardiovascular Disease Cancer
Syrosingopine (Su 3118) is an orally active lactate transporters (MCT1/MCT4) dual inhibitor, which can reduce glycolysis and induce synthetic lethality in cancer cells when combine with metformin. Syrosingopine shows anti-hypertensive activity by depleting peripheral stores of norepinephrine .

HY-110228

Metformin-d6 hydrochloride 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d6 hydrochloride	Isotope-Labeled Compounds AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
Metformin-d₆ hydrochloride is a deuterium labeled Metformin hydrochloride. Metformin hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-17471AR

Metformin hydrochloride (Standard) 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide hydrochloride (Standard)	Reference Standards AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Metformin hydrochloride (Standard) is the analytical standard of Metformin hydrochloride (HY-17471A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-136093A

Lixumistat acetate 1 Publications Verification IM156; HL156A; HL271 acetate	Mitochondrial Metabolism AMPK	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Lixumistat (IM156) acetate is a potent and orally active AMPK activator and OXPHOS inhibitor. Lixumistat acetate strongly activates AMPK, while it lacks the systemic metabolic regulatory effects of classic metformin, such as hypoglycemic and weight-lowering activities. Lixumistat acetate exhibits significant therapeutic effects on cognitive decline associated with brain aging and pulmonary fibrosis .

HY-N0930B

Galegine hydrochloride	AMPK Bacterial	Infection Metabolic Disease
Galegine hydrochloride, a guanidine derivative, contributes to weight loss in mice. Guanidine hydrochloride is the compound derived from G. officinalis, which gave rise to the biguanides, metformin and phenformin. Galegine hydrochloride activates AMPK in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and L6 myotubes, as well as in the H4IIE rat hepatoma and HEK293 human kidney cell lines. Galegine hydrochloride has antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 mg/L against Staphylococcus aureus strains .

HY-W722277A

LCC-12 formate	Interleukin Related NADH Dehydrogenase TNF Receptor JAK STAT IRAK	Inflammation/Immunology
LCC-12 (formate) is a copper (II) chelator and a derivative of the biguanide metformin (HY-B0627). LCC-12 (formate) reduces its hydrogen peroxide-dependent oxidation of NADH to NAD+. LCC-12 (formate) reduces IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels, as well as JAK2, STAT2, and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) levels in primary human cytokine-activated monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). LCC-12 (formate) reduces the number of CD80+ and CD86+ cytokine-activated MDMs. LCC-12 LCC-12 (formate) improves survival in a mouse model of sepsis induced by LPS or cecal ligation and puncture .

HY-B0627S

Metformin-d6 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d₆	Isotope-Labeled Compounds AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR	Cardiovascular Disease Cancer
Metformin-d₆ (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d₆) is a deuterated labeled Metformin (HY-B0627). Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-136093B

Lixumistat 1 Publications Verification IM156 free base; HL156A free base; HL271 free base	Mitochondrial Metabolism AMPK	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Lixumistat (IM156 free base) is a potent and orally active AMPK activator and OXPHOS inhibitor. Lixumistat strongly activates AMPK, while it lacks the systemic metabolic regulatory effects of classic metformin, such as hypoglycemic and weight-lowering activities. Lixumistat exhibits significant therapeutic effects on cognitive decline associated with brain aging and pulmonary fibrosis .

HY-W010380

Methyl succinate	AMPK Apoptosis	Metabolic Disease
Methyl succinate is a mitochondrial complex II substrate. Methyl succinate can bypass the inhibition of complex I by Metformin (HY-B0627), restore mitochondrial electron transfer, and reduce AMPK phosphorylation. Methyl succinate is capable of protecting MIN6 β-cells and primary rat β-cells from biguanide-induced toxicity and apoptosis in vitro. Methyl succinate can be used in the research of diseases such as diabetes mellitus .

HY-136093

Lixumistat hydrochloride 1 Publications Verification HL271; IM156 hydrochloride; HL156A hydrochloride	Mitochondrial Metabolism AMPK	Neurological Disease
Lixumistat (IM156) hydrochloride is a potent and orally active AMPK activator and OXPHOS inhibitor. Lixumistat hydrochloride strongly activates AMPK, while it lacks the systemic metabolic regulatory effects of classic metformin, such as hypoglycemic and weight-lowering activities. Lixumistat hydrochloride exhibits significant therapeutic effects on cognitive decline associated with brain aging and pulmonary fibrosis .

HY-134656

BC1618 1 Publications Verification	AMPK Mitophagy E1/E2/E3 Enzyme	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
BC1618, an orally active Fbxo48 inhibitory compound, stimulates Ampk-dependent signaling (via preventing activated pAmpkα from Fbxo48-mediated degradation). BC1618 promotes mitochondrial fission, facilitates autophagy and improves hepatic insulin sensitivity .

HY-167935

LCC-12 formic	Bacterial	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
LCC-12 formic is a dimer of metformin that targets mitochondrial copper(II), leading to a decrease in the NAD(H) pool and modulation of inflammatory responses. LCC-12 formic reduces inflammation in mouse models of bacterial and viral infections. LCC-12 formic also serves as a tool for investigating metabolic diseases through its effects on cell plasticity and epigenetic programming.

HY-168103

FBPase-IN-3	FBPase	Metabolic Disease
FBPase-IN-3 (compound 45) is a FBPase (fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 2.08 μM. FBPase-IN-3 exhibits potent inhibitory activity of gluconeogenesis .

HY-B0627A

Metformin (glycinate) 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide (glycinate)	AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) glycinate inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin glycinate exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin glycinate also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin glycinate regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-B0627S1

Metformin-13C2 hydrochloride 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-13C2 hydrochloride	Isotope-Labeled Compounds AMPK Autophagy Mitophagy Apoptosis mTOR	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease Cancer
Metformin- ¹³C₂ (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide- ¹³C₂) hydrochloride is the ¹³C-labeled Metformin hydrochloride (HY-17471A). Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-N4115R

Syrosingopine (Standard) Su 3118 (Standard)	Reference Standards Monocarboxylate Transporter	Cardiovascular Disease Cancer
Syrosingopine (Su 3118) is an orally active lactate transporters (MCT1/MCT4) dual inhibitor, which can reduce glycolysis and induce synthetic lethality in cancer cells when combine with metformin. Syrosingopine shows anti-hypertensive activity by depleting peripheral stores of norepinephrine .

HY-B0660A

Eicosapentaenoic acid metformin EPA Metformin; Timnodonic acid Metformin	Endogenous Metabolite Histone Demethylase	Neurological Disease Cancer
Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) metformin is an orally active Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 LC-PUFA). Eicosapentaenoic acid metformin exhibits a DNA demethylating action that promotes the re-expression of the tumor suppressor gene CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein δ (C/EBPδ). EEicosapentaenoic acid metformin activates RAS/ERK/C/EBPβ pathway through H-Ras intron 1 CpG island demethylation in U937 leukemia cells. Eicosapentaenoic acid metformin can promote relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells and vasodilation .

HY-15383

Glyparamide	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Metabolic Disease
Glyparamide is an orally active hypoglycemic compound that serves as an auxiliary active ingredient in anti-diabetic agents. Glyparamide can be used in combination with preparations of Rhodamnia cinerea extract and is applicable to the study of hyperglycemia-related disorders-specifically those involving carbohydrate metabolism disturbances-including Type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and postprandial hyperglycemia. Other notable hypoglycemic agents of significant interest include: Tolbutamide (HY-B0401), Chlorpropamide (HY-B1429), Metformin (HY-B0627), and Glimepiride (HY-B0104) .

HY-23875

Metformin impurity 1	Drug Intermediate	Others
Metformin impurity 1 is an impurity of Metformin (HY-B0627).

HY-W738707

*N-Ethyl Metformin* Hydrochloride-d6**	Isotope-Labeled Compounds	Others
N-Ethyl Metformin Hydrochloride-d₆ is the deuterium labeled N-Ethyl Metformin Hydrochloride (HY-W738706).

HY-123718

6-Benzylthioinosine	Parasite	Others
6-Benzylthioinosine is a compound with antileukemic activity that increases cytotoxicity against acute myeloid leukemia cells when combined with metformin, modulating cellular metabolism and signaling pathways through multiple mechanisms.

HY-Z1621

Metformin impurity 11 Metformin impurity E; 1-Methylbiguanide	Drug Intermediate	Others
Metformin impurity 11 (Metformin impurity E) is an impurity of Metformin.

HY-125327

YM-543	SGLT	Metabolic Disease
YM-543 is a selective SGLT2 inhibitor that effectively reduces hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic mice through increased urinary glucose excretion. YM-543 demonstrates potent inhibition of both mouse and human SGLT2 activities at nanomolar concentrations. YM-543, when administered orally, significantly improves glucose tolerance in diabetic models and sustains its effects for over 12 hours. YM-543, in combination with other antidiabetic agents like rosiglitazone or metformin, enhances the therapeutic effects on diabetic symptoms. YM-543 does not affect blood glucose levels in normal mice, indicating its specificity for diabetic conditions.

HY-Z3766

Metformin impurity 10 Guanylmelamine hydrochloride	Drug Intermediate	Others
Metformin impurity 10 (Guanylmelamine hydrochloride) is an impurity of Metformin.

HY-23875R

Metformin impurity 1 (Standard)	Reference Standards Drug Intermediate	Others
Metformin impurity 1 (Standard) is the analytical standard of Metformin impurity 1 (HY-23875). This product is intended for research and analytical applications.

HY-W015556

Metformin impurity 12 N2,N2-Dimethylmelamine	Drug Intermediate	Others
Metformin impurity 12 (N2,N2-Dimethylmelamine) is an impurity of Metformin.

HY-W738465

N,N-Dimethylamidino Urea N-Carbonylguanidine	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
N,N-Dimethylamidino Urea (N-Carbonylguanidine) is an intermediate in the electrochemical oxidation of Metformin (HY-B0627). Metformin can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. N,N-Dimethylamidino Urea can be used as a marker to study the metabolic pathway of metformin in vivo .

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-L053

NMPA-Approved Drug Library	1,499 compounds
From target identification to clinical research, traditional drug discovery and development is a time-consuming and costly process, which also bears high risk. Compared with traditional drug discovery, drug repositioning or repurposing, also known as old drugs for new uses can greatly shorten the development cycle and reduce development cost, which has become a new trend of drug development. After undergoing clinical trials, approved drugs have identified bioactivities, good pharmacokinetic characteristics and safety, which can greatly improve the success rate of drug discovery. A number of successes have been achieved, such as metformin for type 2 diabetes and thalidomide for leprosy and multiple myeloma, etc. MCE provides a unique collection of 1,499 China NMPA (National Medical Products Administration) approved compounds, which have undergone extensive preclinical and clinical studies and have well-characterized bioactivities, safety and bioavailability properties. MCE NMPA-Approved Drug Library is a good tool for drug repurposing which could dramatically accelerate drug development.

NMPA-Approved Drug Library

1,499 compounds

From target identification to clinical research, traditional drug discovery and development is a time-consuming and costly process, which also bears high risk. Compared with traditional drug discovery, drug repositioning or repurposing, also known as old drugs for new uses can greatly shorten the development cycle and reduce development cost, which has become a new trend of drug development. After undergoing clinical trials, approved drugs have identified bioactivities, good pharmacokinetic characteristics and safety, which can greatly improve the success rate of drug discovery. A number of successes have been achieved, such as metformin for type 2 diabetes and thalidomide for leprosy and multiple myeloma, etc.

MCE provides a unique collection of 1,499 China NMPA (National Medical Products Administration) approved compounds, which have undergone extensive preclinical and clinical studies and have well-characterized bioactivities, safety and bioavailability properties. MCE NMPA-Approved Drug Library is a good tool for drug repurposing which could dramatically accelerate drug development.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-N0930B

Galegine hydrochloride	Alkaloids Classification of Application Fields Leguminosae Other Alkaloids Metabolic Disease Plants Galega officinalis Linn. Disease Research Fields Source Classification	AMPK Bacterial
Galegine hydrochloride, a guanidine derivative, contributes to weight loss in mice. Guanidine hydrochloride is the compound derived from G. officinalis, which gave rise to the biguanides, metformin and phenformin. Galegine hydrochloride activates AMPK in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and L6 myotubes, as well as in the H4IIE rat hepatoma and HEK293 human kidney cell lines. Galegine hydrochloride has antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration of 4 mg/L against Staphylococcus aureus strains .

HY-W010380

Methyl succinate	Structural Classification Natural Products Ebenaceae Plants Source Classification Diospyros kaki Thunb.	AMPK Apoptosis
Methyl succinate is a mitochondrial complex II substrate. Methyl succinate can bypass the inhibition of complex I by Metformin (HY-B0627), restore mitochondrial electron transfer, and reduce AMPK phosphorylation. Methyl succinate is capable of protecting MIN6 β-cells and primary rat β-cells from biguanide-induced toxicity and apoptosis in vitro. Methyl succinate can be used in the research of diseases such as diabetes mellitus .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-110228

Metformin-d6 hydrochloride
Metformin-d₆ hydrochloride is a deuterium labeled Metformin hydrochloride. Metformin hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

Metformin-d6 hydrochloride

Metformin-d₆ hydrochloride is a deuterium labeled Metformin hydrochloride. Metformin hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-B0627S

Metformin-d6
Metformin-d₆ (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d₆) is a deuterated labeled Metformin (HY-B0627). Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

Metformin-d6

Metformin-d₆ (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide-d₆) is a deuterated labeled Metformin (HY-B0627). Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-B0627S1

Metformin-13C2 hydrochloride
Metformin- ¹³C₂ (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide- ¹³C₂) hydrochloride is the ¹³C-labeled Metformin hydrochloride (HY-17471A). Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

Metformin-13C2 hydrochloride

Metformin- ¹³C₂ (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide- ¹³C₂) hydrochloride is the ¹³C-labeled Metformin hydrochloride (HY-17471A). Metformin (1,1-Dimethylbiguanide) hydrochloride inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the liver, leading to AMPK activation and enhancing insulin sensitivity, and can be used in the study of type 2 diabetes. Metformin hydrochloride exerts central glucose-lowering effects by inhibiting Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) in SF1 hypothalamic neurons. Metformin hydrochloride also inhibits liver oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis caused by liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, Metformin hydrochloride regulates the expression of autophagy-related proteins by activating AMPK and inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inducing tumor cell autophagy and inhibiting the growth of renal cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo .

HY-W738707

*N-Ethyl Metformin* Hydrochloride-d6**
N-Ethyl Metformin Hydrochloride-d₆ is the deuterium labeled N-Ethyl Metformin Hydrochloride (HY-W738706).

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