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Results for "

respiration

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	ADC Payload (1) Akt (3) AMPK (4) Anion Exchangers (1) Antibiotic (2) Apoptosis (16) Autophagy (1) Bacterial (20) Biochemical Assay Reagents (3) Caspase (1) CCR (1) Cuproptosis (1) Cytochrome P450 (1) DNA/RNA Synthesis (19) Drug Derivative (2) Drug Metabolite (1) Endogenous Metabolite (25) Enterovirus (1) Environmental Pollutants (11) Estrogen Receptor/ERR (1) Fluorescent Dye (1) Fungal (30) Herbicide (4) HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase (3) HIV (1) Insecticide (4) Interleukin Related (2) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (21) Malate Dehydrogenase (MDH) (1) Methionine Adenosyltransferase (MAT) (1) MHC (1) Mitochondrial Metabolism (47) Mitosis (1) mTOR (2) Nuclear Hormone Receptor 4A/NR4A (1) Opioid Receptor (1) Oxidative Phosphorylation (7) p38 MAPK (1) Parasite (5) PARP (1) PGC-1α (4) Phosphatase (2) Photosystem II (1) PPAR (1) Pyruvate Kinase (1) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (15) Reference Standards (19) ROCK (1) SOD (3) Succinate Dehydrogenase (6) Transmembrane Glycoprotein (1)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (40) Cardiovascular Disease (6) Endocrinology (2) Infection (50) Inflammation/Immunology (22) Metabolic Disease (36) Neurological Disease (14)
Click Chemistry:	Azide (1)
Oligonucleotides:	Freeze-drying Protective Agents (1)

144

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Peptides

Inhibitory Antibodies

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Click Chemistry

Oligonucleotides

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-B0152

Adenine 20+ Cited Publications	DNA/RNA Synthesis Endogenous Metabolite	Infection Cancer
Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis .

HY-155673

SLU-PP-332 1 Publications Verification	Estrogen Receptor/ERR	Metabolic Disease
SLU-PP-332 is a pan-Estrogen Receptor/ERR agonist with EC₅₀ values of 98, 230 and 430 nM for ERRα, ERRβ and ERRγ, respectively. SLUPP-332 enhances mitochondrial function and cellular respiration in skeletal muscle cell lines. SLU-PP-332 has the potential to study metabolic diseases as well as improve muscle function .

HY-111475

Mitochondrial fusion promoter M1 2 Publications Verification	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cardiovascular Disease
Mitochondrial fusion promoter M1 is a mitochondrial dynamic modulator. Mitochondrial fusion promoter M1 preserves the mitochondrial function and promotes cellular respiration. Mitochondrial fusion promoter M1 alleviates cardiac and brain damage in rats with cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury .

HY-A0134

Isoflurane 15+ Cited Publications	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Endocrinology
Isoflurane is a volatile anaesthetic. Isoflurane diminishs the effect of ROS activity. Isoflurane suppresses respiration. Isoflurane enables rapid anesthesia induction and emergence. Isoflurane protects against noise-induced hearing loss and tissue damage in mice. Isoflurane protects against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury and modulates leukocyte infiltration .

HY-W032022

1-Hexanol	Environmental Pollutants Biochemical Assay Reagents Mitochondrial Metabolism	Others
1-Hexanol, a primary alcohol, is a surfactant that can be employed in industrial processes to enhance interfacial properties . 1-Hexanol uncouples mitochondrial respiration by a non-protonophoric mechanism .

HY-B0849

Azoxystrobin 3 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Fungal Apoptosis Bacterial Phosphatase	Infection
Azoxystrobin is an orally active, broad-spectrum β-methoxyacrylate fungicide. Azoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration by binding to the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibiting electron transfer. Azoxystrobin induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cell apoptosis .

HY-Y0808

Dimethyl succinate 1 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Apoptosis	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
Dimethyl succinate is an orally active cell permeable succinate analogue. Dimethyl succinate can disrupt the TCA cycle by elevating intracellular succinate levels, leading to reduced protein synthesis and impairs myogenic differentiation. Dimethyl succinate can induce apoptosis. Dimethyl succinate can decrease maximal cellular respiration and reserve capacity. Dimethyl succinate can rescue synapse loss in AD. Dimethyl succinate can be used for the researches of metabolic and neurological disease ^[1][2].

HY-B1729

Phenoxyethanol	Environmental Pollutants Bacterial Fungal Oxidative Phosphorylation	Infection
Phenoxyethanol has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial agent. Phenoxyethanol is an uncouple agent in oxidative phosphorylation from respiration and competitively inhibits malate dehydrogenase. Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic, vaccine, and textile, et al .

HY-113494

Sitostanol 1 Publications Verification Stigmastanol; 24α-Ethyl cholestanol	Interleukin Related	Others Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
Stigmastanol is a 6-amino derivative. Stigmastanol can be isolated from Hypericum riparium. Stigmastanol increases the secretion of IL-2 and IL-10. Stigmastanol reduces the maximum mitochondrial respiration of cells. Stigmastanol has beneficial effects on the weakened immune function of asthma .

HY-B0152B

Adenine hemisulfate Maximum Cited Publications 22 Publications Verification 6-Aminopurine hemisulfate; Vitamin B4 hemisulfate	DNA/RNA Synthesis Endogenous Metabolite	Cancer
Adenine hemisulfate (6-Aminopurine hemisulfate), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine hemisulfate acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine hemisulfate also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis .

HY-B0152S1

Adenine-13C 2 Publications Verification Adenine-8-C13; 9H-Purin-6-amine-8-¹³C	DNA/RNA Synthesis Endogenous Metabolite	Cancer
Adenine- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled Adenine . Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis .

HY-P2832

Acyl coenzyme A synthetase ACS	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Acyl coenzyme A synthetase (ACS), namely acetyl coenzyme A synthetase, is often used in biochemical research. Acyl coenzyme A synthetase can catalyze the activation of fatty acids by coenzyme A through a two-step thioesterification reaction to produce acyl coenzyme A, and then participate in a variety of anabolic and catabolic lipid metabolism pathways, and participate in the TCA cycle in aerobic respiration .

HY-109804

CORM-401 10+ Cited Publications	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Inflammation/Immunology
CORM-401 is an oxidant-sensitive CO-releasing molecule. CORM-401 induces NO increase in the regulation of endothelial calcium signalling. CORM-401 reduces TNF-α/CHX and H2O2-induced ROS production. CORM-401 uncouples mitochondrial respiration and inhibits glycolysis .

HY-124410

Mitoquinol 3 Publications Verification	Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase	Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Mitoquinol is an orally active mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. Mitoquinol can regulate mitochondrial respiration and oxidation. Mitoquinol inhibits ROS production, and improves phagocytosis and glycolysis in ethanol-exposed macrophages via the HIF-1α-PFKP axis. Additionally, Mitoquinol can partially alleviate heat stress-induced decreases in growth performance, inflammatory responses, and metabolic disorders in pigs .

HY-113371

2-Methylcitric acid Methylcitric acid	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
2-Methylcitric acid (Methylcitric acid) is an endogenous metabolite in the 2-methylcitric acid cycle. 2-Methylcitric acid accumulates in methylmalonic and propionic acidemias and acts as a marker metabolite. 2-Methylcitric acid markedly inhibits ADP-stimulated and uncoupled respiration in mitochondria supported by glutamate .

HY-B0152A

Adenine hydrochloride Maximum Cited Publications 22 Publications Verification 6-Aminopurine hydrochloride; Vitamin B4 hydrochloride	DNA/RNA Synthesis Endogenous Metabolite	Cancer
Adenine hydrochloride (6-Aminopurine hydrochloride), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine hydrochloride acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine hydrochloride also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis .

HY-126222A

MitoTam iodide, hydriodide	Apoptosis Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
MitoTam iodide, hydriodide is a Tamoxifen derivative , an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor, spreduces mitochondrial membrane potential in senescent cells and affects mitochondrial morphology . MitoTam iodide, hydriodide is an effective anticancer agent, suppresses respiratory complexes (CI-respiration) and disrupts respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) formation in breast cancer cells . MitoTam iodide, hydriodide causes apoptosis .

HY-138207

N-Oleoyl-L-phenylalanine	Mitochondrial Metabolism Drug Metabolite	Inflammation/Immunology
N-Oleoyl-L-phenylalanine is a long-chain N-acyl-L-phenylalanine and also a mitochondrial uncoupler. N-Oleoyl-L-phenylalanine uncouples UCP1-independent respiration in mitochondria, thereby helping to regulate glucose homeostasis. As an endogenous metabolite, the level of N-Oleoyl-L-phenylalanine increases in patients with ulcerative colitis after a high-fat diet. N-Oleoyl-L-phenylalanine can be used in studies related to ulcerative colitis .

HY-136355

Picoxystrobin	Environmental Pollutants Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Fungal SOD	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Picoxystrobin is a strobilurin fungicide. Picoxystrobin controls plant diseases by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration. Picoxystrobin is highly toxic to zebrafish embryos, causing developmental abnormalities, oxidative stress, and immunotoxicity .

HY-W714076

Ametoctradin	Fungal	Infection Inflammation/Immunology
Ametoctradin is a potent Q_o site inhibitor of bc₁ complex in mitochondrial respiration. Ametoctradin is a highly selective and effective Oomycete-specific fungicide that can be used against late blight and downy mildews .

HY-125776

Kresoxim-methyl BAS 490 F	Environmental Pollutants Mitochondrial Metabolism Fungal	Infection
Kresoxim-methyl (BAS 490 F), a Strobilurin-based fungicide, inhibits the respiration at the complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex). Kresoxim-methyl binds to complex III from yeast with an apparent K_d of 0.07 μM proving a high affinity for this enzyme .

HY-138559

GW604714X 1 Publications Verification	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Neurological Disease
GW604714X is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration supported by pyruvate but not other substrates. GW604714X is a highly specific mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) inhibitor with a K_i <0.1 nM. GW604714X also inhibits L-lactate transport by the plasma membrane monocarboxylate transporter (MCT1), but at concentrations more than 4 orders of magnitude greater than the MPC .

HY-155386

Peroxynitrite sodium	Biochemical Assay Reagents Enterovirus DNA/RNA Synthesis Mitochondrial Metabolism	Infection Neurological Disease
Peroxynitrite sodium is a product of the diffusion-controlled reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide radicals, as well as an oxidant and an antiviral agent. Peroxynitrite sodium inhibits Mitochondrial respiration. Peroxynitrite sodium suppresses the replication of Coxsackievirus, partly by inhibiting viral RNA entry into host cells. Peroxynitrite sodium induces a significant nociceptive response .

HY-B1729R

Phenoxyethanol (Standard)	Oxidative Phosphorylation Reference Standards Bacterial Fungal	Infection
Phenoxyethanol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phenoxyethanol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Phenoxyethanol has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial agent. Phenoxyethanol is an uncouple agent in oxidative phosphorylation from respiration and competitively inhibits malate dehydrogenase. Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic, vaccine, and textile, et al .

HY-111086

DG70 GSK1733953A	Bacterial	Infection
DG70 (GSK1733953A), a biphenyl amide, is a respiration inhibitor in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, inhibits MenG activity with an IC₅₀ value of 2.6 ± 0.6 μM. DG70 inhibits the catalytic methylation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis demethylmenaquinone methyltransferase enzymes. DG70 can be used for Tuberculosis (TB) research .

HY-164515

ONC213	Apoptosis Mitochondrial Metabolism Caspase PARP	Cancer
ONC213 is an orally active αKGDH inhibitor. ONC213 can suppress mitochondrial respiration and elevate α-ketoglutarate levels by inhibiting αKGDH activity. ONC213 can induce cells apoptosis by inducing mitochondrial stress response and inhibiting translation of MCL-1. ONC213 can be used for the research of cancer, such as acute myeloid leukemia research (AML) .

HY-W613220

MDH1/2-IN-1	Malate Dehydrogenase (MDH) HIF/HIF Prolyl-Hydroxylase Mitochondrial Metabolism	Neurological Disease Inflammation/Immunology Cancer
MDH1/2-IN-1 is a MDH1/2 inhibitor (IC₅₀: 1.07 μM and 1.06 μM respectively). MDH1/2-IN-1 inhibits mitochondrial respiration and the HIF-1α pathway. MDH1/2-IN-1 demonstrates significant anti-tumor potential. MDH1/2-IN-1 provides a new direction for the development of drugs targeting cancer metabolism .

HY-114410

CCI-006	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
CCI-006 is a selective inhibitor and chemosensitizer of MLL-rearranged leukemia cells, by inhibits mitochondrial respiration resulting in insurmountable mitochondrial depolarization and a pro-apoptotic unfolded protein response (UPR) in a subset of MLL-r leukemia cells .

HY-124726

Aumitin	Autophagy	Neurological Disease Cancer
Aumitin is a diaminopyrimidine-based autophagy inhibitor which inhibits mitochondrial respiration by targeting complex I. Aumitin inhibits starvation- and rapamycin induced autophagy dose dependently with IC₅₀s of 0.12 μM and 0.24 μM, respectively .

HY-153813

Z16078526	p38 MAPK Mitochondrial Metabolism	Others
Z16078526 induces endogenous Ucp1 expression, promotes p38 MAPK phosphorylation and lipolysis in primary mouse brown adipocytes. Z16078526 activates thermogenic gene expression and mitochondrial activity (uncoupled respiration) in mouse brown adipocytes. Z16078526 also stimulates thermogenesis in the mouse .

HY-W516735

Sedaxane	Fungal Succinate Dehydrogenase	Infection
Sedaxane is a new broad-spectrum seed treatment fungicide. Sedaxane inhibits fungal respiration by binding to the succinate dehydrogenase complex in fungal mitochondria. Sedaxane has broad-spectrum activity against a variety of seed-borne and soil-borne fungi. Sedaxane can be used in the study of barley loose smut and barley stripe disease .

HY-B0152S

Adenine-d1 6-Aminopurine-d₁; Vitamin B4-d₁	DNA/RNA Synthesis Endogenous Metabolite	Cancer
Adenine-d is the deuterium labeled Adenine. Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis .

HY-B0849R

Azoxystrobin (Standard)	Reference Standards Fungal Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Apoptosis	Infection
Azoxystrobin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Azoxystrobin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Azoxystrobin is a broad-spectrum β-methoxyacrylate fungicide. Azoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration by binding to the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibiting electron transfer. Azoxystrobin induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cell apoptosis.

HY-126222

MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide	Apoptosis Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide, a Tamoxifen derivative , is an electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitor. MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide reduces mitochondrial membrane potential in senescent cells and affects mitochondrial morphology . MitoTam bromide, hydrobromide is an effective anticancer agent, suppresses respiratory complexes (CI-respiration) and disrupts respiratory supercomplexes (SCs) formation in breast cancer cells .

HY-B0152R

Adenine (Standard)	Reference Standards DNA/RNA Synthesis Endogenous Metabolite	Cancer
Adenine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Adenine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis .

HY-P10281

RW3	Bacterial	Infection Cardiovascular Disease
RW3 (MP196) is a small cationic antimicrobial hexapeptide. RW3 targets the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane and inhibits cellular respiration and cell wall synthesis. RW3 exhibits high bioactivity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis 168 (MIC of 2 µg/mL). RW3 causes shrinking of murine erythrocytes. RW3 can be used in antimicrobial and antifungal research .

HY-16137

Cefaloglycin Cephaloglycin	Bacterial	Infection
Cefaloglycin (Cephaloglycin) is an orally active nephrotoxic β-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic with antibacterial activity. Cefaloglycin is activity against Gram-Positive cocci other than enterococci. Cefaloglycin is toxic to mitochondrial substrate uptake and respiration .

HY-P2740B

Alcohol dehydrogenase, yeast	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Alcohol dehydrogenase, yeast is an alcohol dehydrogenase expressed in yeast. It can catalyze the conversion between ethanol and acetaldehyde, while also reducing NAD or NADP, and it plays a role in glycolysis and aerobic respiration .

HY-111321

Fuscin	Oxidative Phosphorylation CCR HIV Bacterial Mitochondrial Metabolism Endogenous Metabolite	Infection Metabolic Disease
Fuscin, a fungal metabolite, CCR5 receptor antagonist with anti-HIV effects. Fuscin is a *respiration* and oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor, and also a mitochondrial SH-dependent transport-linked functions inhibitor .

HY-122330

Dicobalt edetate Kelocyanor	Cytochrome P450	Others
Dicobalt edetate (Kelocyanor) is a cobalt compound that is an antidote for hydrocyanic acid (cyanide) poisoning. Dicobalt edetate can form a stable complex with cyanide ions, thereby reducing the binding of cyanide ions to cytochrome oxidase, thereby preventing cyanide from inhibiting cellular respiration .

HY-W032022S1

1-Hexanol-d11	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Mitochondrial Metabolism	Others
1-Hexanol-d₁₁ is the deuterium labeled 1-Hexanol . 1-Hexanol, a primary alcohol, is a surfactant that can be employed in industrial processes to enhance interfacial properties . 1-Hexanol uncouples mitochondrial respiration by a non-protonophoric mechanism .

HY-W032022S

1-Hexanol-d13	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Mitochondrial Metabolism	Others
1-Hexanol-d₁₃ is the deuterium labeled 1-Hexanol . 1-Hexanol, a primary alcohol, is a surfactant that can be employed in industrial processes to enhance interfacial properties . 1-Hexanol uncouples mitochondrial respiration by a non-protonophoric mechanism .

HY-113371A

2-Methylcitric acid trisodium Methylcitric acid trisodium	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
2-Methylcitric acid trisodium (Methylcitric acid trisodium) is an endogenous metabolite in the 2-methylcitric acid cycle. 2-Methylcitric acid trisodium accumulates in methylmalonic and propionic acidemias and acts as a marker metabolite. 2-Methylcitric acid trisodium markedly inhibits ADP-stimulated and uncoupled respiration in mitochondria supported by glutamate .

HY-W015213

Adenine monohydrochloride hemihydrate Maximum Cited Publications 22 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite DNA/RNA Synthesis	Metabolic Disease
Adenine monohydrochloride hemihydrate is a hydrochloride derivative of Adenine. Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis .

HY-113371S

2-Methylcitric acid-d3 Methylcitric acid-d₃	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
2-Methylcitric acid-d₃ is the deuterium labeled 2-Methylcitric acid. 2-Methylcitric acid (Methylcitric acid) is an endogenous metabolite in the 2-methylcitric acid cycle. 2-Methylcitric acid accumulates in methylmalonic and propionic acidemias and acts as a marker metabolite. 2-Methylcitric acid markedly inhibits ADP-stimulated and uncoupled respiration in mitochondria supported by glutamate .

HY-152203

*Mitochondrial respiration-IN-2*	Drug Derivative	Cancer
Mitochondrial respiration-IN-2 is the fluorine derivative of Virginiamycin M1 (HY-N6686). Mitochondrial respiration-IN-2 can inhibit mitochondrial translation of glioblastoma stem cells .

HY-136369

Ethofumesate 2 Publications Verification	Environmental Pollutants Herbicide	Others
Ethofumesate, a chiral herbicide, acts by inhibiting mitosis and reducing photosynthesis and plant respiration .

HY-133859

M084	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Metabolic Disease
M084 is a benzimidazole derivative. M084 inhibits the mitochondrial respiration, activate mitochondrial unfolded protein response and AMPK, recruites SIR-2.1 and SKN-1, and finally through the transcription factor DAF-16, delays the aging process of C. elegans .

HY-131453A

*Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 hydrobromide*	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Metabolic Disease
Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 hydrobromide (compound 49) is a potent mitochondrial inhibitor (IC₅₀=8.8 mg/mL) extracted from patent US20110301180A1, compound 49. Mitochondrial respiration-IN-1 hydrobromide significantly reduces mitochondrial respiration in platelets .

HY-121248

Hydramethylnon AC217300	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Infection
Hydramethylnon (AC217300) is an amidinohydrazone insecticide. Hydramethylnon's mechanism of action is through inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by inhibiting the electron transport chain at the cytochrome b-c1 complex. Hydramethylnon can be used to eliminate red imported fire ants, cockroaches, and other insects .

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-L047

Endocrinology Compound Library

1,050 compounds

The endocrine system is a chemical messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs. Hormones are chemicals that serve to communicate between organs and tissues for physiological regulation and behavioral activities. Hormones affect distant cells by binding to specific receptor proteins in the target cell, resulting in a change in cell function.

The endocrine system is concerned with the integration of developmental events proliferation, growth, and differentiation, and the psychological or behavioral activities of metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sleep, digestion, respiration, excretion, mood, stress, lactation, movement, reproduction, and sensory perception caused by hormones. Irregulated hormone release, inappropriate response to signaling or lack of a gland can lead to endocrine disease.

MCE offers a unique collection of 1,050 endocrinology related compounds targeting varieties of hormone receptors such as thyroid hormone receptor, TSH receptor, GNRH receptor, adrenergic receptor, etc. MCE Endocrinology Compound Library is a useful tool for the discovery of endocrinology drugs.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-119976

Boscalid

1 Publications Verification

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis .

HY-Y0808

Dimethyl succinate

1 Publications Verification

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Dimethyl succinate is an orally active cell permeable succinate analogue. Dimethyl succinate can disrupt the TCA cycle by elevating intracellular succinate levels, leading to reduced protein synthesis and impairs myogenic differentiation. Dimethyl succinate can induce apoptosis. Dimethyl succinate can decrease maximal cellular respiration and reserve capacity. Dimethyl succinate can rescue synapse loss in AD. Dimethyl succinate can be used for the researches of metabolic and neurological disease ^[1][2].

HY-119976R

Boscalid (Standard)

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Boscalid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Boscalid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-138207

N-Oleoyl-L-phenylalanine	Mitochondrial Metabolism Drug Metabolite	Inflammation/Immunology
N-Oleoyl-L-phenylalanine is a long-chain N-acyl-L-phenylalanine and also a mitochondrial uncoupler. N-Oleoyl-L-phenylalanine uncouples UCP1-independent respiration in mitochondria, thereby helping to regulate glucose homeostasis. As an endogenous metabolite, the level of N-Oleoyl-L-phenylalanine increases in patients with ulcerative colitis after a high-fat diet. N-Oleoyl-L-phenylalanine can be used in studies related to ulcerative colitis .

HY-P10409

SHLP2 Small humanin-like peptide 2	Apoptosis Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
SHLP2 (Small humanin-like peptide 2) is a small molecule peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA, belonging to mitochondria derived peptide. SHLP2 has the activity of regulating apoptosis and inhibits cell death. SHLP2 binds to mitochondrial complex 1. SHLP2 improves mitochondrial metabolism by increasing respiration and biogenesis, reducing ROS, and decreasing mtDNA oxidation. SHLP2 also regulated energy homeostasis through the activation of hypothalamic neurons. SHLP2 can be used in the study of diseases related to mitochondrial dysfunction and anti-aging diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and Parkinson’s disease .

HY-P10281

RW3	Bacterial	Infection Cardiovascular Disease
RW3 (MP196) is a small cationic antimicrobial hexapeptide. RW3 targets the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane and inhibits cellular respiration and cell wall synthesis. RW3 exhibits high bioactivity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis 168 (MIC of 2 µg/mL). RW3 causes shrinking of murine erythrocytes. RW3 can be used in antimicrobial and antifungal research .

HY-P10873

ST-CY14	Nuclear Hormone Receptor 4A/NR4A Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cancer
ST-CY14 is an inhibitor for Nur77-PPARγ interaction with an EC₅₀ of 3.15 μM, that binds to Nur77 (K_d=32 nM), blocks Nur77 from being ubiquitinated and degraded by PPARγ, reduces fatty acid uptake and mitochondrial respiration, and inhibits the transcription of CD36 and FABP4. ST-CY14 inhibits the proliferation and migration of cancer cell MCF7 and MDA-MB-231. ST-CY14 inhibits tumor growth and bone metastasis in mouse models .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area	Image

HY-P991273

MP196	Antibiotic Bacterial	Infection
MP196 is a cationic hexapeptide antibiotic targeting the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, which exerts rapid bactericidal activity by disrupting membrane integrity, inhibiting cell respiration and cell wall synthesis. MP196 is promising for research of drug-resistant bacterial infections .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-B0152

Adenine 20+ Cited Publications	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	DNA/RNA Synthesis Endogenous Metabolite
Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis .

HY-W032022

1-Hexanol	Structural Classification Natural Products Animals Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Biochemical Assay Reagents Mitochondrial Metabolism
1-Hexanol, a primary alcohol, is a surfactant that can be employed in industrial processes to enhance interfacial properties . 1-Hexanol uncouples mitochondrial respiration by a non-protonophoric mechanism .

HY-B1729

Phenoxyethanol	Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Bacterial Fungal Oxidative Phosphorylation
Phenoxyethanol has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial agent. Phenoxyethanol is an uncouple agent in oxidative phosphorylation from respiration and competitively inhibits malate dehydrogenase. Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic, vaccine, and textile, et al .

HY-113494

Sitostanol 1 Publications Verification Stigmastanol; 24α-Ethyl cholestanol	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Guttiferae Other Diseases Hypericum riparium Plants Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Steroids Source Classification	Interleukin Related
Stigmastanol is a 6-amino derivative. Stigmastanol can be isolated from Hypericum riparium. Stigmastanol increases the secretion of IL-2 and IL-10. Stigmastanol reduces the maximum mitochondrial respiration of cells. Stigmastanol has beneficial effects on the weakened immune function of asthma .

HY-B0152B

Adenine hemisulfate Maximum Cited Publications 22 Publications Verification 6-Aminopurine hemisulfate; Vitamin B4 hemisulfate	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	DNA/RNA Synthesis Endogenous Metabolite
Adenine hemisulfate (6-Aminopurine hemisulfate), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine hemisulfate acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine hemisulfate also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis .

HY-Y0095

Isethionic acid (80% in water) 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms other families Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Marine natural products Metabolic Disease Plants Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Environmental Pollutants Mitochondrial Metabolism Parasite
Isethionic acid is a calcium binder and anionic detergent that enhances mitochondrial calcium binding capacity by competitively binding to calcium binding sites on the outer mitochondrial membrane. Isethionic acid can inhibit calcium-activated mitochondrial respiration. Isethionic acid inhibits barnacle (Balanus amphitrite) larvae with LC₅₀s of 23 μg/mL (24 h) and 17 μg/mL (48 h), respectively. Isethionic acid can inhibit the attachment of barnacle larvae (complete inhibition at 10 μg/mL) and regulate mitochondrial calcium transport, and can enhance ATP-dependent calcium uptake at high calcium concentrations. Isethionic acid can be used to study the mechanism of mitochondrial calcium metabolism.

HY-114936

Piericidin A 5 Publications Verification AR-054	Infection Microorganisms Neurological Disease Classification of Application Fields Antibiotics Anti-parasitic Antibacterial Disease Research Anticancer Disease Research Fields Other Antibiotics Source Classification	Bacterial ADC Payload Antibiotic Mitochondrial Metabolism
Piericidin A (AR-054) is a natural mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) inhibitor. Piericidin A is a potent neurotoxin and inhibits mitochondrial respiration by disrupting the electron transport system through its action on NADH-ubiquinone reductase. Piericidin A is also a potential quorum-sensing inhibitor that suppresses the expression of the virulence genes of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (Eca). Piericidin A is an ADC cytotoxin and has anti-bacterial, anticancer, insecticidal activity .

HY-113371

2-Methylcitric acid Methylcitric acid	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Endocrine diseases Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
2-Methylcitric acid (Methylcitric acid) is an endogenous metabolite in the 2-methylcitric acid cycle. 2-Methylcitric acid accumulates in methylmalonic and propionic acidemias and acts as a marker metabolite. 2-Methylcitric acid markedly inhibits ADP-stimulated and uncoupled respiration in mitochondria supported by glutamate .

HY-113355

NADH	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Apoptosis
NADH is an orally active dehydrogenase coenzyme that acts as a crucial electron carrier in cellular respiration and participates in ATP production. NADH promotes metabolism, supports brain function, and counteracts oxidative stress by transferring electrons to the electron transport chain. As a signaling molecule, NADH regulates multiple biological processes, including anti-apoptosis, synaptic plasticity, gene expression, and calcium homeostasis. Redox imbalance of NADH/NAD⁺ is one of the key pathological mechanisms of various diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.

HY-B0152A

Adenine hydrochloride Maximum Cited Publications 22 Publications Verification 6-Aminopurine hydrochloride; Vitamin B4 hydrochloride	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	DNA/RNA Synthesis Endogenous Metabolite
Adenine hydrochloride (6-Aminopurine hydrochloride), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine hydrochloride acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine hydrochloride also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis .

HY-N1677

2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone	Infection Quinones other families Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Benzene Quinones Plants Endogenous metabolite Inflammation/Immunology Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Akt mTOR Bacterial Fungal AMPK
2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone is a 1,4-benzoquinone derivative. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone promotes phosphorylation of AKT, S6K, mTOR, 4E-BP1, and AMPK, and attenuates mTORC1 activity as part of the AKT/mTOR pathway. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone stimulates myoblast differentiation, increases myotube size, elevates MHC protein expression, enhances mitochondrial biogenesis, respiration, and DNA content, and increases skeletal muscle weights, fiber size, grip strength, and treadmill performance. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone exerts anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-adipogenic, antibacterial, and antimutagenic effects, inhibits adipogenic transcription factors, nitric oxide production, skin tumor development, Magnaporthe oryzae growth, spore germination, appressorium formation, and growth of select bacterial species, induces H₂O₂ generation and rice defense gene expression, and reduces rice blast lesion formation. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone can be used for the research of obesity, skin tumorigenesis, rice blast disease, and food-borne illness .

HY-B1729R

Phenoxyethanol (Standard)	Microorganisms Source Classification	Oxidative Phosphorylation Reference Standards Bacterial Fungal
Phenoxyethanol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phenoxyethanol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Phenoxyethanol has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial agent. Phenoxyethanol is an uncouple agent in oxidative phosphorylation from respiration and competitively inhibits malate dehydrogenase. Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic, vaccine, and textile, et al .

HY-B0152R

Adenine (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Microorganisms Endogenous metabolite	Reference Standards DNA/RNA Synthesis Endogenous Metabolite
Adenine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Adenine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis .

HY-W010918R

Adenosine 5'-diphosphate (Standard) Adenosine diphosphate (Standard); ADP (Standard)	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Cardiovascular System Disorder Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
Adenosine 5'-diphosphate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Adenosine 5'-diphosphate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate (Adenosine diphosphate) is a nucleoside diphosphate. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate is the product of ATP dephosphorylation by ATPases. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate induces human platelet aggregation and inhibits stimulated adenylate cyclase by an action at P_2T-purinoceptors. In Vitro: Adenosine 5'-diphosphate consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate is the product of ATP dephosphorylation by ATPases. ADP is converted back to ATP by ATP synthases. ATP is an important energy transfer molecule in cells. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate is utilized in a wide number of cellular processes, including respiration, biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division.

HY-111321

Fuscin	Quinones Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Naphthalene Quinones Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Oxidative Phosphorylation CCR HIV Bacterial Mitochondrial Metabolism Endogenous Metabolite
Fuscin, a fungal metabolite, CCR5 receptor antagonist with anti-HIV effects. Fuscin is a *respiration* and oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor, and also a mitochondrial SH-dependent transport-linked functions inhibitor .

HY-113371A

2-Methylcitric acid trisodium Methylcitric acid trisodium	Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
2-Methylcitric acid trisodium (Methylcitric acid trisodium) is an endogenous metabolite in the 2-methylcitric acid cycle. 2-Methylcitric acid trisodium accumulates in methylmalonic and propionic acidemias and acts as a marker metabolite. 2-Methylcitric acid trisodium markedly inhibits ADP-stimulated and uncoupled respiration in mitochondria supported by glutamate .

HY-W015213

Adenine monohydrochloride hemihydrate Maximum Cited Publications 22 Publications Verification	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite DNA/RNA Synthesis
Adenine monohydrochloride hemihydrate is a hydrochloride derivative of Adenine. Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis .

HY-N12486A

(3S,8R,9R)-Isofalcarintriol	Natural Products Artemisia granatensis boiss Umbelliferae Plants Source Classification	Others
(3S,8R,9R)-Isofalcarintriol is a natural polyacetylene compound found in carrot root parts. (3S,8R,9R)-Isofalcarintriol is a potent longevity promoter that improves glucose metabolism and has anti-tumor activity. (3S,8R,9R)-Isofalcarintriol can affect cellular respiration, interact with the α subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase, and promote mitochondrial biogenesis. (3S,8R,9R)-Isofalcarintriol can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, and aging .

HY-W032022R

1-Hexanol (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Microorganisms Animals Source Classification	Reference Standards Mitochondrial Metabolism
1-Hexanol (Standard) is the analytical standard of 1-Hexanol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 1-Hexanol, a primary alcohol, is a surfactant that can be employed in industrial processes to enhance interfacial properties . 1-Hexanol uncouples mitochondrial respiration by a non-protonophoric mechanism .

HY-B0152BR

Adenine hemisulfate (Standard) 6-Aminopurine hemisulfate (Standard); Vitamin B4 hemisulfate (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	DNA/RNA Synthesis Endogenous Metabolite Reference Standards
Adenine (hemisulfate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Adenine (hemisulfate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Adenine hemisulfate (6-Aminopurine hemisulfate), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine hemisulfate acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine hemisulfate also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis .

HY-126643

Wedeloside	Microorganisms Terpenoids Diterpenoids Source Classification	Mitochondrial Metabolism
Wedeloside is a diterpenoid amino glycoside isolated from the plant Wedelia asperrima. Wedeloside is capable of inhibiting ADP-stimulated respiration in mitochondria and possesses potential anti-tumor activity. Wedeloside is applicable in drug development and toxicological research .

HY-113371R

2-Methylcitric acid (Standard) Methylcitric acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Endocrine diseases Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
Omeprazole (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Omeprazole (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Omeprazole sodium (H 16868 sodium), a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), is available for treatment of acid-related gastrointestinal disorders. Omeprazole sodium shows competitive inhibition of CYP2C19 activity with a Ki of 2 to 6 μM . Omeprazole sodium also inhibits growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria . Omeprazole is a potent brain penetrant neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) inhibitor (exosome inhibitor) .

HY-B0152AR

Adenine hydrochloride (Standard) 6-Aminopurine hydrochloride (Standard); Vitamin B4 hydrochloride (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards DNA/RNA Synthesis Endogenous Metabolite
Adenine (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Adenine (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Adenine hydrochloride (6-Aminopurine hydrochloride), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine hydrochloride acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine hydrochloride also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis[1][2][3].

HY-113494R

Sitostanol (Standard) Stigmastanol (Standard); 24α-Ethyl cholestanol (Standard)	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Guttiferae Hypericum riparium Plants Endogenous metabolite Steroids Source Classification	Reference Standards Interleukin Related
Stigmastanol (Standard) is the analytical standard of Stigmastanol. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Stigmastanol is a 6-amino derivative. Stigmastanol can be isolated from Hypericum riparium. Stigmastanol increases the secretion of IL-2 and IL-10. Stigmastanol reduces the maximum mitochondrial respiration of cells. Stigmastanol has beneficial effects on the weakened immune function of asthma .

HY-N1677R

2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (Standard)	Quinones other families Benzene Quinones Plants Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Akt mTOR Bacterial Fungal AMPK
2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (Standard) is the analytical standard of 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (HY-N1677). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone is a 1,4-benzoquinone derivative. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone promotes phosphorylation of AKT, S6K, mTOR, 4E-BP1, and AMPK, and attenuates mTORC1 activity as part of the AKT/mTOR pathway. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone stimulates myoblast differentiation, increases myotube size, elevates MHC protein expression, enhances mitochondrial biogenesis, respiration, and DNA content, and increases skeletal muscle weights, fiber size, grip strength, and treadmill performance. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone exerts anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-adipogenic, antibacterial, and antimutagenic effects, inhibits adipogenic transcription factors, nitric oxide production, skin tumor development, Magnaporthe oryzae growth, spore germination, appressorium formation, and growth of select bacterial species, induces H2O2 generation and rice defense gene expression, and reduces rice blast lesion formation. 2,6-Dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone can be used for the research of obesity, skin tumorigenesis, rice blast disease, and food-borne illness.

HY-114625

Amquinate	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Parasite Mitochondrial Metabolism
Amquinate is a coccidiostat and a cytochrome b inhibitor. Amquinate blocks cytochrome-mediated electron transport near cytochrome b in mitochondria, acting downstream of coenzyme Q without affecting succinate dehydrogenase or NADH dehydrogenase. Amquinate inhibits succinate- and malate plus pyruvate-supported mitochondrial respiration in Eimeria tenella and does not affect L-ascorbate-supported respiration or any mitochondrial respiration in chicken liver mitochondria. Amquinate exhibits selective anticoccidial activity against wild-type Eimeria tenella. Amquinate can be used for the research of coccidiosis (Eimeria tenella infection) .

HY-150033

Sorgoleone	Quinones Structural Classification Sorghum bicolor (Linn.) Moench Gramineae Benzene Quinones Plants Source Classification	Photosystem II Herbicide
Sorgoleone is a photosystem II inhibitor found in sorghum. Sorgoleone binds to the Q_B niche of the D1 protein, inhibits photosynthetic electron transport, and does not affect photosystem I reactions. Sorgoleone reduces radicle elongation and stunts growth. Sorgoleone inhibits CO₂-dependent oxygen evolution, photosynthetic O₂ evolution, and mitochondrial respiration. Sorgoleone can be used as a herbicide .

HY-W015213R

Adenine monohydrochloride hemihydrate (Standard)	Structural Classification Natural Products Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Reference Standards DNA/RNA Synthesis
Adenine monohydrochloride hemihydrate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Adenine monohydrochloride hemihydrate (HY-W015213). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Adenine monohydrochloride hemihydrate is a hydrochloride derivative of Adenine. Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-B0152S1

Adenine-13C 2 Publications Verification
Adenine- ¹³C is the ¹³C labeled Adenine . Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis .

HY-B0152S

Adenine-d1
Adenine-d is the deuterium labeled Adenine. Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis .

HY-B0152S4

Adenine-15N5

Adenine- ¹⁵N₅ (6-Aminopurine- ¹⁵N₅; Vitamin B4- ¹⁵N₅) is ¹⁵N labeled Adenine (HY-B0152). Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis.

HY-W032022S1

1-Hexanol-d11
1-Hexanol-d₁₁ is the deuterium labeled 1-Hexanol . 1-Hexanol, a primary alcohol, is a surfactant that can be employed in industrial processes to enhance interfacial properties . 1-Hexanol uncouples mitochondrial respiration by a non-protonophoric mechanism .

HY-W032022S

1-Hexanol-d13
1-Hexanol-d₁₃ is the deuterium labeled 1-Hexanol . 1-Hexanol, a primary alcohol, is a surfactant that can be employed in industrial processes to enhance interfacial properties . 1-Hexanol uncouples mitochondrial respiration by a non-protonophoric mechanism .

HY-113371S

2-Methylcitric acid-d3

2-Methylcitric acid-d₃ is the deuterium labeled 2-Methylcitric acid. 2-Methylcitric acid (Methylcitric acid) is an endogenous metabolite in the 2-methylcitric acid cycle. 2-Methylcitric acid accumulates in methylmalonic and propionic acidemias and acts as a marker metabolite. 2-Methylcitric acid markedly inhibits ADP-stimulated and uncoupled respiration in mitochondria supported by glutamate .

HY-B0152S3

Adenine-13C5

Adenine- ¹³C₅ (6-Aminopurine- ¹³C₅; Vitamin B4- ¹³C₅) is ¹³C-labeled Adenine (HY-B0152). Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis.

HY-B0152S7

Adenine-15N5 hydrochloride hydrate

Adenine- ¹⁵N₅ (6-Aminopurine- ¹⁵N₅) hydrochloride hydrate is the ¹⁵N-labeled Adenine (HY-B0152). Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis .

HY-W082452S

N-Boc-N-methoxy-N-methyl-L-phenyl-alaninamide-d5
N-Boc-N-methoxy-N-methyl-L-phenyl-alaninamide-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Picoxystrobin. Picoxystrobin is a primary strobilurin fungicide that is widely applied for plant disease control. Picoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration via blocking elect

HY-136355S

Picoxystrobin-d3
Picoxystrobin-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Picoxystrobin (HY-136355). Picoxystrobin is a strobilurin fungicide. Picoxystrobin controls plant diseases by inhibiting mitochondrial respiration. Picoxystrobin is highly toxic to zebrafish embryos, causing developmental abnormalities, oxidative stress, and immunotoxicity .

HY-B1729S1

Phenoxyethanol-d4
Phenoxyethanol-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Phenoxyethanol. Phenoxyethanol has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial agent. Phenoxyethanol is an uncouple agent in oxidative phosphorylation from respiration and competitively inhibits malate dehydrogenase. Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic, vaccine, and textile, et al .

HY-B1729S

Phenoxyethanol-d2
Phenoxyethanol-d₂ is the deuterium labeled Phenoxyethanol . Phenoxyethanol has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial agent. Phenoxyethanol is an uncouple agent in oxidative phosphorylation from respiration and competitively inhibits malate dehydrogenase. Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic, vaccine, and textile, et al .

HY-W032022S3

1-Hexanol-d5
1-Hexanol-d₅ is the deuterium labeled 1-Hexanol . 1-Hexanol, a primary alcohol, is a surfactant that can be employed in industrial processes to enhance interfacial properties . 1-Hexanol uncouples mitochondrial respiration by a non-protonophoric mechanism .

HY-W032022S2

1-Hexanol-d3
1-Hexanol-d₃ is the deuterium labeled 1-Hexanol . 1-Hexanol, a primary alcohol, is a surfactant that can be employed in industrial processes to enhance interfacial properties . 1-Hexanol uncouples mitochondrial respiration by a non-protonophoric mechanism .

HY-B0849S

Azoxystrobin-d4
Azoxystrobin-d₄ is deuterium labeled Azoxystrobin. Azoxystrobin is a broad-spectrum β-methoxyacrylate fungicide. Azoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration by binding to the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibiting electron transfer. Azoxystrobin induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cell apoptosis.

HY-W032022S4

1-Hexanol-d2
1-Hexanol-d₂ is deuterated labeled 1-Hexanol (HY-W032022). 1-Hexanol, a primary alcohol, is a surfactant that can be employed in industrial processes to enhance interfacial properties . 1-Hexanol uncouples mitochondrial respiration by a non-protonophoric mechanism .

HY-B0849S1

Azoxystrobin-d3
Azoxystrobin-d₃ is deuterium labeled Azoxystrobin. Azoxystrobin is a broad-spectrum β-methoxyacrylate fungicide. Azoxystrobin inhibits mitochondrial respiration by binding to the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex and inhibiting electron transfer. Azoxystrobin induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces cell apoptosis .

HY-W712567

Adenine-15N5 hydrochloride

Adenine- ¹⁵N₅ (6-Aminopurine- ¹⁵N₅) hydrochloride is the ¹⁵N-labeled Adenine hydrochloride (HY-B0152A) . Adenine hydrochloride (6-Aminopurine hydrochloride), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine hydrochloride acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine hydrochloride also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis.

HY-W015213S

Adenine monohydrochloride hemihydrate-15N5

Adenine monohydrochloride hemihydrate- ¹⁵N₅ is the ¹⁵N labeled Adenine monohydrochloride hemihydrate (HY-W015213). Adenine monohydrochloride hemihydrate is a hydrochloride derivative of Adenine. Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis .

HY-124410S

Mitoquinol-d15

Mitoquinol-d₁₅ is deuterium labeled Mitoquinol (HY-124410). Mitoquinol is an orally active mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. Mitoquinol can regulate mitochondrial respiration and oxidation. Mitoquinol inhibits ROS production, and improves phagocytosis and glycolysis in ethanol-exposed macrophages via the HIF-1α-PFKP axis. Additionally, Mitoquinol can partially alleviate heat stress-induced decreases in growth performance, inflammatory responses, and metabolic disorders in pigs .

HY-B0152S2

Adenine-13C5,15N5

Adenine- ¹³C₅,15C5 (6-Aminopurine- ¹³C₅,15C5; Vitamin B4- ¹³C₅,15C5) is ¹³C-labeled Adenine (HY-B0152). Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis.

HY-119976S

Boscalid-d4

Boscalid-d₄ is the deuterium labeled Boscalid. Boscalid is a succinate dehydrogenase (SDHI) inhibitor with antifungal activity. Boscalid binds to the ubiquinone-binding site of fungal mitochondrial complex II, blocks ATP production and aerobic respiration, exhibits good control efficacy against a variety of plant fungal diseases including gray mold, sclerotinia rot and powdery mildew, and is widely used for disease control in agriculture. Boscalid induces apoptosis, altered lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory impairment, oxidative stress, ROS accumulation and neurodevelopmental disorders in zebrafish. Boscalid reduces foraging ability, shortens median death time and causes chronic toxicity in exposed honeybees. Boscalid also possesses genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, elevated mitochondrial superoxide levels and early-stage apoptosis .

HY-W016773S

1,10-Decanediol-d20

1,10-Decanediol-d₂₀ is the deuterium labeled 1,10-Decanediol . 1,10-Decanediol is a diol compound that can react with α-ketoglutarate (aKG) to generate polymeric microparticles (termed paKG MPs) for the sustained release of aKG, thereby promoting immunosuppressive regulation. Additionally, paKG MPs can bind to dendritic cells (DCs), reducing their glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in vitro. These metabolic changes lead to the modulation of MHC-II and CD86 expression in DCs and alter the frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) as well as T-helper type 1/2/17 cells in vitro. 1,10-Decanediol can be used in research within the field of immunometabolism. can be used as a surfactant/stabilizer in the synthesis of nanomaterials .

HY-136369S

Ethofumesate-d5
Ethofumesate-d₅ is the deuterium labeled Ethofumesate (HY-136369). Ethofumesate, a chiral herbicide, acts by inhibiting mitosis and reducing photosynthesis and plant respiration .

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-134318B

8-Azido-ADP disodium		Azide
8-Azido-ADP (disodium) is a covalent-binding inhibitor of mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocation. 8-Azido-ADP (disodium) causes irreversible inhibition of adenine nucleotide exchange in a light-dependent reaction. 8-Azido-ADP (disodium) inhibits the normal state 4 → 3 transitions of mitochondrial respiration induced by ADP . 8-Azido-ADP (disodium) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. It can also undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-B0152

Adenine 20+ Cited Publications		Freeze-drying Protective Agents
Adenine (6-Aminopurine), a purine, is one of the four nucleobases in the nucleic acid of DNA. Adenine acts as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. Adenine also plays an important role in biochemistry involved in cellular respiration, the form of both ATP and the cofactors (NAD and FAD), and protein synthesis .

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