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Results for "

substrate metabolism

" in MedChemExpress (MCE) Product Catalog:

By Targets:	Mitochondrial Metabolism (5) Akt (1) Amino Acid Decarboxylase (1) Aminotransferases (Transaminases) (5) Amylases (1) Antibiotic (1) Apoptosis (6) Bacterial (4) Biochemical Assay Reagents (11) Caspase (1) Ceramidase (1) COX (2) Cytochrome P450 (6) Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase (2) DNA/RNA Synthesis (6) Drug Intermediate (1) Drug Isomer (1) Drug Metabolite (6) Endogenous Metabolite (53) Fluorescent Dye (2) Galectin (1) Glutathione Peroxidase (1) Glycosidase (1) Guanylate Cyclase (1) Histone Acetyltransferase (3) Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) (1) Isotope-Labeled Compounds (7) Mitosis (6) Monoamine Oxidase (1) mTOR (5) NADPH Oxidase (1) NF-κB (2) NOD-like Receptor (NLR) (2) Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog (1) P-glycoprotein (1) PARP (1) Phospholipase (1) PPAR (3) Prostaglandin Receptor (1) PROTAC Linkers (1) Proton Pump (1) Quinone Reductase (2) Reference Standards (7) Thymidylate Synthase (1)
By Research Areas:	Cancer (15) Cardiovascular Disease (14) Endocrinology (1) Infection (8) Inflammation/Immunology (7) Metabolic Disease (63) Neurological Disease (5)
Oligonucleotides:	Nucleotide Analogs (1)

108

Inhibitors & Agonists

Screening Libraries

Fluorescent Dyes

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Peptides

Natural
Products

Isotope-Labeled Compounds

Oligonucleotides

Targets Recommended: Mitochondrial Metabolism MARCKS

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Areas	Chemical Structure

HY-W013046

Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate pentasodium PRPP pentasodium	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) pentasodium is an important metabolite required in the biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, the amino acids histidine and tryptophan, and the cofactors NAD and NADP .

HY-B1184A

(S)-Mephenytoin (+)-Mephenytoin	Cytochrome P450	Neurological Disease
(S)-Mephenytoin ((+)-Mephenytoin) is an anticonvulsive agent. (S)-Mephenytoin is a substrate of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP2C19. (S)-Mephenytoin can be used for the analysis of cytochrome P450 metabolism .

HY-W015495

L-Dihydroorotic acid 1 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase	Others
L-Dihydroorotic acid is an important intermediate in the metabolism of orotic acid and a substrate of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). L-Dihydroorotic acid can reversibly hydrolyze to yield the acyclic L-ureidosuccinic acid by dihydrowhey enzyme .

HY-112537

D-Glucose 6-phosphate 4 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite mTOR	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
D-Glucose 6-phosphate is a key central node metabolite in glucose metabolism. It serves as the initiating metabolite for glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, as well as a substrate for glycogen synthesis. D-Glucose 6-phosphate acts as a metabolic stress signal, which activates the mTOR pathway to promote protein synthesis, especially when phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is inhibited, thereby participating in cardiac remodeling processes. D-Glucose 6-phosphate can be used in research related to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and heart failure .

HY-N10574

Queuine 1 Publications Verification	Bacterial	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Queuine is a selective substrate for tRNA guanine transglycosylase (TGT) and can be incorporated into eukaryotic tRNA. Queuine promotes tRNA modification, affecting mitochondrial function and Warburg metabolic phenotype. If Queuine is deficient, aerobic glycolysis can be enhanced, oxidative phosphorylation can be inhibited, and Warburg metabolism can be promoted, accompanied by increased ammonia and lactate production and increased lactate dehydrogenase activity. Queuine can be used for autoimmune diseases (such as experimental models of multiple sclerosis) and cancer metabolic regulation, and its deficiency is associated with low tRNA modification in tumor cells .

HY-W008772

4-Hydroxymephenytoin	Drug Metabolite	Others
4-Hydroxymephenytoin is a metabolism of an antiepileptic agent mephenytoin, which is used as a CYP2C19 substrate.

HY-P2857

Glucoamylase, Aspergillus niger Amyloglucosidase, Aspergillus niger	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Amyloglucosidase, Aspergillus niger (Amyloglucosidase, Aspergillus niger) is a starch-hydrolyzing enzyme with high catalytic efficiency towards soluble starch and raw starch. Amyloglucosidase, Aspergillus niger hydrolyzes α-1,4 and α-1,6 glycosidic linkages in starch and similar substrates, and primarily releases β-glucose molecules from the non-reducing ends. Amyloglucosidase, Aspergillus niger participates in glycogen metabolism and is associated with type II glycogen storage disease. Amyloglucosidase, Aspergillus niger converts starch into glucose, and is applicable to the industrial production of high-fructose syrup, ethanol and other fermented products .

HY-128895

KL1333 1 Publications Verification	Quinone Reductase Mitochondrial Metabolism	Metabolic Disease
KL1333, a derivative of β-lapachone, is an orally available NAD+ modulator. KL1333 reacts with NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) as a substrate, resulting in increases in intracellular NAD+ levels via NADH oxidation. KL1333 improves energy metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction in MELAS fibroblasts. KL1333 protects against Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in mouse cochlear cultures .

HY-D0889

Glycylglycine 1 Publications Verification Gly-Gly; H-Gly-Gly-OH	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Glycylglycine is a non-selective glycylglycine dipeptidase substrate and iNOS inhibitor. Glycylglycine can cross the cell membrane by passive diffusion and is hydrolyzed to glycine in the cell, participating in energy metabolism and antioxidant processes. Glycylglycine promotes spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) proliferation, inhibits astrocyte overactivation and reduces nitric oxide (NO) release, while upregulating the expression of neurotrophic factors (such as PDGFA, FGF2, CNTF) to support nerve myelin repair. Glycylglycine can be used to study male reproductive biology (such as SSCs proliferation regulation) and neurodegenerative diseases (such as neuroprotective mechanisms in multiple sclerosis) .

HY-113013

Hydroxypyruvic acid β-Hydroxypyruvic acid; 3-Hydroxypyruvic acid	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Hydroxypyruvic acid (β-Hydroxypyruvic acid) is an intermediate in the metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine. Hydroxypyruvic acid is a *substrate* for serine-pyruvate aminotransferase and glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase. Hydroxypyruvic acid is involved in the metabolic disorder which is the dimethylglycine dehydrogenase deficiency pathway.

HY-W010040

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid 1 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine. 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is a substrate of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase (HPPA). 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid can be used in the study of HPD-related diseases, such as type III tyrosinemia and hawkinsinuria .

HY-141466

Crotonyl-CoA	Endogenous Metabolite Histone Acetyltransferase	Infection Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Crotonyl-CoA, a high-energy acyl donor, is an intermediate in the fermentation of butyric acid, and in the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan. Crotonyl-CoA is important in the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids. Crotonyl-CoA acts as a substrate for p300’s histone crotonyltransferase activity, competing with acetyl-CoA for p300-mediated histone acylation reactions. Crotonyl-CoA regulates global and gene-specific histone crotonylation levels in cells, with cellular concentration changes altering histone crotonylation at regulatory elements of activated genes. Crotonyl-CoA serves as the substrate for crotonyl-CoA reductase/carboxylase (CCRC)-catalyzed NADPH-mediated reduction and carbon dioxide trapping to form unusual alkylmalonyl-CoA polyketide synthase extender units. Crotonyl-CoA can be used for the research of LPS-induced inflammatory response .

HY-W145496

Laminaribiose β-D-Glc-(1-3)-D-Glc	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Laminaribiose is a disaccharide consisting of two glucose molecules linked by a β-1,3-glycosidic bond. It is ubiquitous in the cell walls of various plants and is a hydrolyzate of the polysaccharide laminarin. Laminaribiose has various applications in biochemical research, especially as a substrate for enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, it can be used as a carbon source and dietary supplement for certain microorganisms.

HY-141466A

Crotonyl-CoA tetrasodium	Endogenous Metabolite Histone Acetyltransferase	Infection Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Crotonyl-CoA tetrasodium, a high-energy acyl donor, is an intermediate in the fermentation of butyric acid, and in the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan. Crotonyl-CoA tetrasodium is important in the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids. Crotonyl-CoA tetrasodium acts as a substrate for p300’s histone crotonyltransferase activity, competing with acetyl-CoA for p300-mediated histone acylation reactions. Crotonyl-CoA tetrasodium regulates global and gene-specific histone crotonylation levels in cells, with cellular concentration changes altering histone crotonylation at regulatory elements of activated genes. Crotonyl-CoA tetrasodium serves as the substrate for crotonyl-CoA reductase/carboxylase (CCRC)-catalyzed NADPH-mediated reduction and carbon dioxide trapping to form unusual alkylmalonyl-CoA polyketide synthase extender units. Crotonyl-CoA tetrasodium can be used for the research of LPS-induced inflammatory response .

HY-112253

D-Fructose 1-phosphate	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
D-Fructose 1-phosphate is a key intermediate metabolite in the fructose metabolic pathway. As a key signaling molecule linking fructose metabolism and glucose metabolic regulation, D-Fructose 1-phosphate acts as an allosteric modulator to counteract the inhibitory effect of the glucokinase-regulatory protein complex, thereby finely regulating the direction of hepatic glucose metabolism at the substrate level .

HY-P2752

Lipoprotein lipase, Pseudomonas sp LPL	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Lipoprotein lipase, Pseudomonas sp (LPL) is a multifunctional enzyme from adipose tissue, heart and skeletal muscle, islets and macrophages. Lipoprotein lipase promotes normal lipoprotein metabolism, delivery and utilization of tissue-specific substrates. Lipoprotein lipase catalyzes the rate-limiting step of lipids in blood circulation .

HY-P2733

Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, E. coli 2 Publications Verification GPO	Endogenous Metabolite Bacterial	Infection Metabolic Disease
Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, E. coli (GPO) is a key intermediate in glycerol metabolism. Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, E. coli is the skeleton of phospholipids in membrane lipids, and also a substrate in the respiratory chain. Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, E. coli produces electrons through oxidation. Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, E. coli is an enzyme with important functions in the field of biochemistry, and is widely used in medical testing and scientific research .

HY-113225

Guanosine triphosphate GTP	Endogenous Metabolite DNA/RNA Synthesis Apoptosis Mitosis	Cancer
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism .

HY-112537S1

D-Glucose 6-Phosphate-13C6 (disodium xhydrate)	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite mTOR	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
D-Glucose 6-Phosphate- ¹³C₆ disodium xhydrate is a ¹³C-labeled D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium xhydrate. D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium xhydrate is a key central node metabolite in sugar metabolism, serving as the initial metabolite of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, and also a substrate for glycogen synthesis. D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium xhydrate can act as a metabolic stress signal, especially when phosphoglucomutase (PGI) is inhibited, activating the mTOR pathway, promoting protein synthesis, and thereby participating in the remodeling process of the heart. D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium xhydrate can be used in research related to non-insulin-dependent diabetes and heart failure.

HY-112253A

D-Fructose 1-phosphate disodium 1 Publications Verification	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
D-Fructose 1-phosphate disodium is a key intermediate metabolite in the fructose metabolic pathway. As a key signaling molecule linking fructose metabolism and glucose metabolic regulation, D-Fructose 1-phosphate disodium acts as an allosteric modulator to counteract the inhibitory effect of the glucokinase-regulatory protein complex, thereby finely regulating the direction of hepatic glucose metabolism at the substrate level .

HY-W011082

NLRP3-IN-2	NOD-like Receptor (NLR)	Cardiovascular Disease
NLRP3-IN-2, an intermediate substrate in the synthesis of glyburide, inhibits the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiomyocytes and limits the infarct size following myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in the mouse, without affecting glucose metabolism .

HY-B0399S

L-Carnitine-d9 1 Publications Verification (R)-Carnitine-d₉; Levocarnitine-d₉	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease
L-Carnitine-d₉ is the deuterium labeled L-Carnitine. L-Carnitine (Levocarnitine) is an endogenous molecule involved in fatty acid metabolism, biosynthesized within the human body using amino acids: L-lysine and L-methionine, as substrates. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

HY-W150340

β-Lactose	Galectin Biochemical Assay Reagents	Cancer
β-Lactose is a disaccharide commonly found in milk and dairy products. It consists of two monosaccharides, glucose and galactose, linked by β-glycosidic bonds. β-Lactose has various applications in the food industry, especially as a sweetener and bulking agent. Furthermore, it can be used as a substrate for enzymes involved in lactose metabolism and as a model compound for studying carbohydrate-protein interactions.

HY-139577

Ninerafaxstat IMB-1018972; IMB-101	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
Ninerafaxstat (IMB-1018972) is a novel orally active cardiac mitochondrial drug that restores myocardial energy homeostasis. Ninerafaxstat competitively inhibits 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (3-KAT) to partially suppress fatty acid oxidation, and shifts cardiac energy metabolism from free fatty acid oxidation to glucose oxidation, regulating myocardial substrate utilization and thereby improving cardiac efficiency. Ninerafaxstat can be used for research on cardiovascular diseases .

HY-76199

trans-4-Hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid	Bacterial PROTAC Linkers	Metabolic Disease
trans-4-Hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid is a *substrate* for cyclohexanecarboxylic acid production. trans-4-Hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid is the by-product of intestinal bacterial metabolism via urinary excretion .

HY-W002555

4-Aminonicotinic acid	Drug Intermediate	Others
4-Aminonicotinic acid is a building block, that can be used for synthesis of pharmaceutical agents. 4-Aminonicotinic acid can be used as the substrate or inhibitor in the research of NAD(P)H metabolism and the activity of related enzymes .

HY-W008772S

4-Hydroxymephenytoin-d3	Drug Metabolite	Others
4-Hydroxymephenytoin-d₃ is the deuterium labeled 4-Hydroxymephenytoin. 4-Hydroxymephenytoin is a metabolism of an antiepileptic agent mephenytoin, which is used as a CYP2C19 substrate .

HY-E70519

Tyramine oxidase, Microorganism	Monoamine Oxidase	Cardiovascular Disease Neurological Disease
Tyramine oxidase, Microorganism (EC 1.4.3.4) is a copper enzyme found in the cytoplasm of animal cells that catalyzes the oxidation of phenolic amine substrates. Tyramine oxidase, Microorganism involves in the metabolism and clearance of phenolamine compounds and has an important role in maintaining homeostasis in vivo. Tyramine oxidase, Microorganism is promising for research of hypertension, asthma, and depression .

HY-P2724

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase, Microorganism PNP	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase, Microorganism (PNP) is a key enzyme in purine metabolism, which is involved in the purine rescue pathway. The deficiency of Purine nucleoside phosphorylase resulted in impaired T cell function. In the presence of inorganic orthophosphate as the second substrate, Purine nucleoside phosphorylase catalyzes the breaking of the glycosidic bond between ribose and deoxyribonucleoside to generate purine base and ribose (deoxyribose) -1-phosphate .

HY-137249

Resorufin-β-D-galactopyranoside	Biochemical Assay Reagents	Others
Resorufin-β-D-galactopyranoside is a commonly used substrate in various biochemical assays to measure the activity of β-galactosidase, an important enzyme involved in lactose metabolism and regulation of gene expression. Resorufin-β-D-galactopyranoside has unique chemical properties and can be hydrolyzed by β-galactosidase to form a red fluorescent product called resorufin. This makes it a useful tool for detecting and quantifying β-galactosidase activity in biological samples such as bacteria or mammalian cells.

HY-N10574A

Queuine dihydrochloride 1 Publications Verification	Others	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Queuine dihydrochloride is a selective substrate for tRNA guanine transglycosylase (TGT) and can be incorporated into eukaryotic tRNA. Queuine dihydrochloride promotes tRNA modification, affecting mitochondrial function and Warburg metabolic phenotype. If Queuine dihydrochloride is deficient, aerobic glycolysis can be enhanced, oxidative phosphorylation can be inhibited, and Warburg metabolism can be promoted, accompanied by increased ammonia and lactate production and increased lactate dehydrogenase activity. Queuine dihydrochloride can be used for autoimmune diseases (such as experimental models of multiple sclerosis) and cancer metabolic regulation, and its deficiency is associated with low tRNA modification in tumor cells .

HY-P2857A

Glucoamylase, Rhizopus sp. Amyloglucosidase, Rhizopus sp.	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Glucoamylase, Rhizopus sp. (Amyloglucosidase, Rhizopus sp.) is a starch-hydrolyzing enzyme with high catalytic efficiency towards soluble starch and raw starch. Glucoamylase, Rhizopus sp. hydrolyzes α-1,4 and α-1,6 glycosidic linkages in starch and similar substrates, and primarily releases β-glucose molecules from the non-reducing ends. Glucoamylase, Rhizopus sp. participates in glycogen metabolism and is associated with type II glycogen storage disease. Glucoamylase, Rhizopus sp. converts starch into glucose, and is applicable to the industrial production of high-fructose syrup, ethanol and other fermented products .

HY-W267897

7-Benzyloxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin 7-BFC	Cytochrome P450	Others
7-Benzyloxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin (7-BFC) is a coumarin fluorescent substrate. 7-Benzyloxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin is a substrate for cDNA-expressed CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 and is metabolized to 7-hydroxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (HFC). 7-Benzyloxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin is used for rapid CYP isoform metabolism and inhibition screening studies .

HY-D1584

C12 NBD Sphingomyelin	Phospholipase	Others
C12 NBD sphingomyelin is an active derivative of Sphingomyelin (HY-113498) that is tagged with fluorescent C12 nitrobenzoxadiazole (C12 NBD). C12 NBD sphingomyelin can be used as a sphingomyelinase substrate for studying the metabolism and transport of sphingomyelins (Ex=470 nm, Em=525 nm) .

HY-B1184AR

(S)-Mephenytoin (Standard) (+)-Mephenytoin (Standard)	Reference Standards Cytochrome P450	Neurological Disease
(S)-Mephenytoin (Standard) is the analytical standard of (S)-Mephenytoin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. (S)-Mephenytoin ((+)-Mephenytoin) is an anticonvulsive agent. (S)-Mephenytoin is a substrate of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP2C19. (S)-Mephenytoin can be used for the analysis of cytochrome P450 metabolism .

HY-139577A

Ninerafaxstat trihydrochloride MB-1018972 trihydrochloride; IMB-101 trihydrochloride	Mitochondrial Metabolism	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
Ninerafaxstat trihydrochloride (IMB-1018972 trihydrochloride) is the trihydrochloride salt form of Ninerafaxstat (HY-139577). Ninerafaxstat trihydrochloride is a novel orally active cardiac mitochondrial drug that restores myocardial energy homeostasis. Ninerafaxstat trihydrochloride competitively inhibits 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (3-KAT) to partially suppress fatty acid oxidation, and shifts cardiac energy metabolism from free fatty acid oxidation to glucose oxidation, regulating myocardial substrate utilization and thereby improving cardiac efficiency. Ninerafaxstat trihydrochloride can be used for research on cardiovascular diseases .

HY-E70121

Succinyl-CoA synthetase	Endogenous Metabolite Mitochondrial Metabolism	Neurological Disease Metabolic Disease Inflammation/Immunology
Succinyl-CoA synthetase is a mitochondrial matrix enzyme and catalyst. Succinyl-CoA synthetase supports TCA, ketone and heme metabolism and is activated by mitochondrial phosphate. Succinyl-CoA synthetase distributes broadly across mammalian tissues with distinct substrate-related biochemical features. Succinyl-CoA synthetase gains structural stability after phosphorylation and relies on SUCLG1-encoded subunit for activity. Succinyl-CoA synthetase malfunction links to metabolic and neurological disorders. Succinyl-CoA synthetase serves as a research tool for mitochondrial hepatoencephalomyopathy .

HY-113225S2

Guanosine triphosphate-13C dilithium GTP-13C dilithium	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite Mitosis Apoptosis DNA/RNA Synthesis	Infection Cancer
Guanosine triphosphate- ¹³C (GTP- ¹³C) dilithium is ¹³C-labeled Guanosine triphosphate (HY-113225). Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism .

HY-112537S2

D-Glucose 6-phosphate-13C	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite mTOR	Others
D-Glucose 6-phosphate- ¹³C is ¹³C labeled D-Glucose 6-phosphate (HY-112537). D-Glucose 6-phosphate is a key central node metabolite in glucose metabolism. It serves as the initiating metabolite for glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, as well as a substrate for glycogen synthesis. D-Glucose 6-phosphate acts as a metabolic stress signal, which activates the mTOR pathway to promote protein synthesis, especially when phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is inhibited, thereby participating in cardiac remodeling processes. D-Glucose 6-phosphate can be used in research related to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and heart failure.

HY-113225S5

Guanosine triphosphate-13C10 dilithium GTP-¹³C₁₀ dilithium	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite Mitosis Apoptosis DNA/RNA Synthesis	Infection Cancer
Guanosine triphosphate- ¹³C₁₀ (GTP- ¹³C₁₀) dilithium is ¹³C-labeled Guanosine triphosphate (HY-113225). Guanosine triphosphate dilithium (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate dilithium promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate dilithium links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate dilithium accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate dilithium is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism .

HY-113225S3

Guanosine triphosphate-15N5 dilithium GTP-15N5 dilithium	Isotope-Labeled Compounds Endogenous Metabolite Mitosis Apoptosis DNA/RNA Synthesis	Infection Cancer
Guanosine triphosphate- ¹⁵N₅ (GTP- ¹⁵N₅) dilithium is ¹⁵N labeled Guanosine triphosphate (HY-113225). Guanosine triphosphate dilithium (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate dilithium promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate dilithium links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate dilithium accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate dilithium is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism .

HY-D0889R

Glycylglycine (Standard) Gly-Gly (Standard); H-Gly-Gly-OH (Standard)	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Glycylglycine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glycylglycine (HY-D0889). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glycylglycine is a non-selective glycylglycine dipeptidase substrate and iNOS inhibitor. Glycylglycine can cross the cell membrane by passive diffusion and is hydrolyzed to glycine in the cell, participating in energy metabolism and antioxidant processes. Glycylglycine promotes spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) proliferation, inhibits astrocyte overactivation and reduces nitric oxide (NO) release, while upregulating the expression of neurotrophic factors (such as PDGFA, FGF2, CNTF) to support nerve myelin repair. Glycylglycine can be used to study male reproductive biology (such as SSCs proliferation regulation) and neurodegenerative diseases (such as neuroprotective mechanisms in multiple sclerosis) .

HY-Z8033

N-Desmethyl diltiazem hydrochloride	Cytochrome P450	Metabolic Disease
N-Desmethyl diltiazem hydrochloride is a substrate for CYP3A7 metabolism, which is the predominant fetal form and is minimally expressed in adults .

HY-109051A

Arfolitixorin calcium	Endogenous Metabolite	Others
Arfolitixorin calcium is a bioactive compound that acts as an enzyme substrate. Arfolitixorin calcium is used as a substrate for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase to generate 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. Arfolitixorin calcium may have potential applications in neurobiological research, particularly in studies related to gene expression and metabolism. Research on arfolitixorin calcium helps reveal the functional genetics of bird genes .

HY-167805

D-Glucose 6-phosphate potassium	Biochemical Assay Reagents
D-Glucose 6-phosphate potassium is a biologically active compound that has the activity of being a substrate for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase. D-Glucose 6-phosphate potassium can participate in the sugar metabolism process and promote the production and utilization of energy in cells.

HY-138665

HHS-0701	Prostaglandin Receptor	Endocrinology
HHS-0701, a sulfur-triazole exchange (SuTEx) ligand, is a potent tyrosine-reactive prostaglandin reductase 2 (PTGR2) inhibitor. HHS-0701 blocks PTGR2 metabolism of the lipid substrate 15-Keto-PGE2 .

HY-W015495R

L-Dihydroorotic acid (Standard)	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase	Others
L-Dihydroorotic acid (Standard) is an analytical reference standard for L-Dihydroorotic acid. This product is used for research and analytical applications. L-Dihydroorotic acid is an important intermediate in the metabolism of orotic acid and a substrate of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). L-Dihydroorotic acid can reversibly hydrolyze to yield the acyclic L-ureidosuccinic acid by dihydrowhey enzyme .

HY-W010040R

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (Standard)	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite	Cardiovascular Disease Metabolic Disease
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (HY-W010040). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine. 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is a substrate of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase (HPPA). 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid can be used in the study of HPD-related diseases, such as type III tyrosinemia and hawkinsinuria .

HY-134129

Benzoyl coenzyme A Benzoyl CoA	Endogenous Metabolite	Others Metabolic Disease
Benzoyl coenzyme A (Benzoyl CoA) is A derivative of Coenzyme A (CoA) in which the mercaptan group of CoA binds to the benzoyl group. Benzoyl coenzyme A is involved in the catalytic reaction as a substrate for the acyl transfer reaction. Benzoyl coenzyme A is a versatile metabolic intermediate that can be used to reveal substrate specificity of enzymes, metabolic regulation, and drug metabolism .

HY-P2733B

Glycerol 3-phosphate Oxidase, Aerococcus viridans GPO, Aerococcus viridans	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, Aerococcus viridans (GPO, Aerococcus viridans) is a key intermediate in glycerol metabolism. Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase is the skeleton of phospholipids in membrane lipids, and also a substrate of respiratory chain. Glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase produces electrons through oxidation .

Cat. No.	Product Name

HY-L204

Lactic Acid Metabolic Compound Library

535 compounds

Lactic acid metabolism is one of the key metabolic pathways within living organisms. It plays a crucial role not only in cellular energy conversion but is also closely related to a variety of physiological and pathological processes. The production and clearance of lactic acid are important indicators of cellular metabolic balance, and its abnormal regulation may lead to conditions such as lactic acidosis, muscle fatigue, and hereditary metabolic diseases. Moreover, lactic acid is closely related to the malignancy of tumors and is considered a biomarker for malignant tumors and poor prognosis. Lactic acid can serve as a metabolic substrate to support the metabolic needs of tumor cells under hypoxic conditions, and it can also cause acidification of the tumor microenvironment, suppress immune cell function to promote immune evasion, and induce drug resistance in tumor cells. Currently, targeting lactic acid-lactylation and its related metabolic pathways has become a new research avenue for cancer treatment. In-depth exploration of the molecular mechanisms of lactic acid metabolism can help in screening lead compounds that regulate the lactic acid metabolism.

MCE contains 535 small molecule compounds targeting enzymes involved in lactic acid metabolism. This library is of significant value for researching the role of lactate metabolism in the mechanisms of diseases.

HY-L230

FDA Kinase Inhibitor Library

329 compounds

Kinases are enzymes that catalyze the addition of phosphate groups to substrate molecules, a process known as phosphorylation. Protein phosphorylation serves as a critical regulatory mechanism for numerous cellular processes, including cell division, metabolism, and signal transduction. The human genome encodes over 500 kinases, which collectively regulate approximately 50% of cellular functions. Due to their pivotal roles, kinases represent one of the most important target classes in drug development.

Kinase inhibitors can selectively block the activity of disease-associated kinases, making them valuable therapeutics for conditions such as cancer and inflammatory diseases. FDA-approved kinase inhibitors have undergone extensive preclinical and clinical studies, demonstrating high bioactivity, favorable safety profiles, and good bioavailability, rendering them suitable for investigating new therapeutic indications.

HY-L081

Phosphatase Inhibitor Library

175 compounds

Protein phosphorylation is a key post-translational modification underlying the regulation of many cellular processes. Phosphatases and kinases contribute to the regulation of protein phosphorylation homeostasis in the cell. This reversible regulation of protein phosphorylation is critical for the proper control of a wide range of cellular activities, including cell cycle, proliferation and differentiation, metabolism, cell-cell interactions, etc.

Protein phosphatases have evolved in separate families that are structurally and mechanistically distinct. Based on substrate specificity and functional diversity, protein phosphatases are classified into two superfamilies: Protein serine/threonine phosphatases and Protein tyrosine phosphatases. Ser/Thr phosphatases are metalloenzymes belonging to two major gene families termed PPP (phosphoprotein phosphatase) and PPM (metal-dependent protein phosphatases), whereas protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) belong to distinct classes of enzymes that utilize a phospho-cysteine enzyme intermediate as a part of their catalytic action.

MCE supplies a unique collection of 175 phosphatase inhibitors that mainly targeting protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and serine/threonine-specific protein phosphatases. MCE Phosphatase Inhibitor Library is a useful tool for phosphatase drug discovery and related research.

HY-L015

PI3K/Akt/mTOR Compound Library

1,049 compounds

The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway controls many cellular processes that are important for the formation and progression of cancer, including apoptosis, transcription, translation, metabolism, angiogenesis, and cell cycle progression. Every major node of this signaling network is activated in a wide range of human tumors. Mechanisms for the pathway activation include activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) upstream of PI3K, mutation or amplification of PIK3CA encoding p110α catalytic subunit of PI3K, mutation or loss of PTEN tumor suppressor gene, and mutation or amplification of Akt1. Once the pathway is activated, signaling through Akt can stimulate a series of substrates including mTOR which is involved in protein synthesis. Thus, inhibition of this pathway is an attractive concept for cancer prevention and/or therapy. Currently some mTOR inhibitors are approved for several indications, and there are several novel PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors in clinical trials.

MCE owns a unique collection of 1,049 compounds that can be used for PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway research. PI3K/Akt/mTOR Compound Library also acts as a useful tool for anti-cancer drug discovery.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-D1584

C12 NBD Sphingomyelin	Fluorescent Dyes
C12 NBD sphingomyelin is an active derivative of Sphingomyelin (HY-113498) that is tagged with fluorescent C12 nitrobenzoxadiazole (C12 NBD). C12 NBD sphingomyelin can be used as a sphingomyelinase substrate for studying the metabolism and transport of sphingomyelins (Ex=470 nm, Em=525 nm) .

HY-D1575

C6 NBD Galactosylceramide	Fluorescent Dyes
C6 NBD galactosylceramide is an active derivative of galactosylceramide that is tagged with fluorescent C6 nitrobenzoxadiazole (C6 NBD). C6 NBD galactosylceramide can be used as a substrate for neutral β-glycosylceramidase (GCase) to study intracellular localization and metabolism of galactosylceramide (Ex=nm, Em=525) .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Type

HY-W145496

Laminaribiose

β-D-Glc-(1-3)-D-Glc

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Laminaribiose is a disaccharide consisting of two glucose molecules linked by a β-1,3-glycosidic bond. It is ubiquitous in the cell walls of various plants and is a hydrolyzate of the polysaccharide laminarin. Laminaribiose has various applications in biochemical research, especially as a substrate for enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, it can be used as a carbon source and dietary supplement for certain microorganisms.

HY-137249

Resorufin-β-D-galactopyranoside

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Resorufin-β-D-galactopyranoside is a commonly used substrate in various biochemical assays to measure the activity of β-galactosidase, an important enzyme involved in lactose metabolism and regulation of gene expression. Resorufin-β-D-galactopyranoside has unique chemical properties and can be hydrolyzed by β-galactosidase to form a red fluorescent product called resorufin. This makes it a useful tool for detecting and quantifying β-galactosidase activity in biological samples such as bacteria or mammalian cells.

HY-167805

D-Glucose 6-phosphate potassium	Biochemical Assay Reagents
D-Glucose 6-phosphate potassium is a biologically active compound that has the activity of being a substrate for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase. D-Glucose 6-phosphate potassium can participate in the sugar metabolism process and promote the production and utilization of energy in cells.

HY-W152363

1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-L-fucopyranose

1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-α-L-fucopyranose

Biochemical Assay Reagents

1,2,3,4-Tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-L-fucopyranoseIt is an organic compound commonly used as a substrate or reference standard in enzymology and sugar chemistry research. It can be used in the synthesis of polysaccharide analogs, drug development and biotechnology, and is widely used in the research of glycosyl chemistry and sugar metabolism pathways. In addition, this compound is used as a catalyst or buffer in certain biochemical reactions.

HY-W099563

4-Nitrophenyl stearate

Biochemical Assay Reagents

4-Nitrophenyl stearate, which is an ester formed by the condensation of stearic acid and 4-nitrophenol, is commonly used as a substrate for enzymatic assays, where the hydrolysis of ester bonds by esterase and lipase can be measured by absorbance or ratio In addition, 4-Nitrophenyl stearate has been used as a model compound to study the enzymatic activity and selectivity of lipases and esterases from various sources. The long hydrophobic tail of the molecule makes it suitable for use in lipophilic Good solubility in the environment makes it a useful probe for studying lipid metabolism.

HY-112537A

D-Glucose 6-phosphate dipotassium

Biochemical Assay Reagents

D-Glucose 6-phosphate dipotassium is a key central node metabolite in glucose metabolism. It serves as the initiating metabolite for glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, as well as a substrate for glycogen synthesis. D-Glucose 6-phosphate dipotassium acts as a metabolic stress signal, which activates the mTOR pathway to promote protein synthesis, especially when phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is inhibited, thereby participating in cardiac remodeling processes. D-Glucose 6-phosphate dipotassium can be used in research related to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and heart failure .

HY-134425

β-Methylcrotonyl coenzyme A lithium	Biochemical Assay Reagents
β-Methylcrotonyl coenzyme A lithium is an intermediate in leucine metabolism and can be used as a substrate to study the specificity and kinetics of β-methylcrotonyl coenzyme A carboxylase (MCCase) .

HY-W040074

Glycylglycine hydrochloride hydrate

Diglycine hydrochloride hydrate; Gly-Gly (HCl H2O)

Biochemical Assay Reagents

Glycylglycine hydrochloride hydrate is a non-selective Glycylglycine hydrochloride hydrate dipeptidase substrate and iNOS inhibitor. Glycylglycine hydrochloride hydrate can cross the cell membrane by passive diffusion and is hydrolyzed to glycine in the cell, participating in energy metabolism and antioxidant processes. Glycylglycine hydrochloride hydrate promotes spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) proliferation, inhibits astrocyte overactivation and reduces nitric oxide (NO) release, while upregulating the expression of neurotrophic factors (such as PDGFA, FGF2, CNTF) to support nerve myelin repair. Glycylglycine hydrochloride hydrate can be used to study male reproductive biology (such as SSCs proliferation regulation) and neurodegenerative diseases (such as neuroprotective mechanisms in multiple sclerosis) .

HY-167810

1,3-Dipentadecanoin(C15:0)	Biochemical Assay Reagents
1,3-Dipentadecanoin(C15:0) is a long-chain triglyceride with substrate activity for lipid metabolism studies. 1,3-Dipentadecanoin(C15:0) is used as a model compound for studying the hydrolysis of triglycerides by lipase. 1,3-Dipentadecanoin(C15:0) can help understand the metabolic mechanism of triglycerides in chemical research.

Cat. No.	Product Name	Target	Research Area

HY-D0889

Glycylglycine 1 Publications Verification Gly-Gly; H-Gly-Gly-OH	Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Glycylglycine is a non-selective glycylglycine dipeptidase substrate and iNOS inhibitor. Glycylglycine can cross the cell membrane by passive diffusion and is hydrolyzed to glycine in the cell, participating in energy metabolism and antioxidant processes. Glycylglycine promotes spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) proliferation, inhibits astrocyte overactivation and reduces nitric oxide (NO) release, while upregulating the expression of neurotrophic factors (such as PDGFA, FGF2, CNTF) to support nerve myelin repair. Glycylglycine can be used to study male reproductive biology (such as SSCs proliferation regulation) and neurodegenerative diseases (such as neuroprotective mechanisms in multiple sclerosis) .

HY-D0889R

Glycylglycine (Standard) Gly-Gly (Standard); H-Gly-Gly-OH (Standard)	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite	Metabolic Disease
Glycylglycine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glycylglycine (HY-D0889). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glycylglycine is a non-selective glycylglycine dipeptidase substrate and iNOS inhibitor. Glycylglycine can cross the cell membrane by passive diffusion and is hydrolyzed to glycine in the cell, participating in energy metabolism and antioxidant processes. Glycylglycine promotes spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) proliferation, inhibits astrocyte overactivation and reduces nitric oxide (NO) release, while upregulating the expression of neurotrophic factors (such as PDGFA, FGF2, CNTF) to support nerve myelin repair. Glycylglycine can be used to study male reproductive biology (such as SSCs proliferation regulation) and neurodegenerative diseases (such as neuroprotective mechanisms in multiple sclerosis) .

HY-P2620

Ac-LETD-AFC	Fluorescent Dye	Metabolic Disease Cancer
Ac-LETD-AFC is a caspase-8 fluorogenic substrate. Ac-LETD-AFC can measure caspase-8 fluorogenic activity and can be used for the research of cancer cell apoptosis and oxidative stress metabolism .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Category	Target	Chemical Structure

HY-W013046

Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate pentasodium PRPP pentasodium	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) pentasodium is an important metabolite required in the biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, the amino acids histidine and tryptophan, and the cofactors NAD and NADP .

HY-W015495

L-Dihydroorotic acid 1 Publications Verification	Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase
L-Dihydroorotic acid is an important intermediate in the metabolism of orotic acid and a substrate of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). L-Dihydroorotic acid can reversibly hydrolyze to yield the acyclic L-ureidosuccinic acid by dihydrowhey enzyme .

HY-112537

D-Glucose 6-phosphate 4 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite mTOR
D-Glucose 6-phosphate is a key central node metabolite in glucose metabolism. It serves as the initiating metabolite for glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, as well as a substrate for glycogen synthesis. D-Glucose 6-phosphate acts as a metabolic stress signal, which activates the mTOR pathway to promote protein synthesis, especially when phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is inhibited, thereby participating in cardiac remodeling processes. D-Glucose 6-phosphate can be used in research related to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and heart failure .

HY-N10574

Queuine 1 Publications Verification	Alkaloids Microorganisms Pyrrole Alkaloids Source Classification	Bacterial
Queuine is a selective substrate for tRNA guanine transglycosylase (TGT) and can be incorporated into eukaryotic tRNA. Queuine promotes tRNA modification, affecting mitochondrial function and Warburg metabolic phenotype. If Queuine is deficient, aerobic glycolysis can be enhanced, oxidative phosphorylation can be inhibited, and Warburg metabolism can be promoted, accompanied by increased ammonia and lactate production and increased lactate dehydrogenase activity. Queuine can be used for autoimmune diseases (such as experimental models of multiple sclerosis) and cancer metabolic regulation, and its deficiency is associated with low tRNA modification in tumor cells .

HY-W008772

4-Hydroxymephenytoin	Monophenols Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Phenols Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Drug Metabolite
4-Hydroxymephenytoin is a metabolism of an antiepileptic agent mephenytoin, which is used as a CYP2C19 substrate.

HY-P2857

Glucoamylase, Aspergillus niger Amyloglucosidase, Aspergillus niger	Structural Classification Natural Products Microorganisms Animals Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Amyloglucosidase, Aspergillus niger (Amyloglucosidase, Aspergillus niger) is a starch-hydrolyzing enzyme with high catalytic efficiency towards soluble starch and raw starch. Amyloglucosidase, Aspergillus niger hydrolyzes α-1,4 and α-1,6 glycosidic linkages in starch and similar substrates, and primarily releases β-glucose molecules from the non-reducing ends. Amyloglucosidase, Aspergillus niger participates in glycogen metabolism and is associated with type II glycogen storage disease. Amyloglucosidase, Aspergillus niger converts starch into glucose, and is applicable to the industrial production of high-fructose syrup, ethanol and other fermented products .

HY-D0889

Glycylglycine 1 Publications Verification Gly-Gly; H-Gly-Gly-OH	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Glycylglycine is a non-selective glycylglycine dipeptidase substrate and iNOS inhibitor. Glycylglycine can cross the cell membrane by passive diffusion and is hydrolyzed to glycine in the cell, participating in energy metabolism and antioxidant processes. Glycylglycine promotes spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) proliferation, inhibits astrocyte overactivation and reduces nitric oxide (NO) release, while upregulating the expression of neurotrophic factors (such as PDGFA, FGF2, CNTF) to support nerve myelin repair. Glycylglycine can be used to study male reproductive biology (such as SSCs proliferation regulation) and neurodegenerative diseases (such as neuroprotective mechanisms in multiple sclerosis) .

HY-113013

Hydroxypyruvic acid β-Hydroxypyruvic acid; 3-Hydroxypyruvic acid	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Hydroxypyruvic acid (β-Hydroxypyruvic acid) is an intermediate in the metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine. Hydroxypyruvic acid is a *substrate* for serine-pyruvate aminotransferase and glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase. Hydroxypyruvic acid is involved in the metabolic disorder which is the dimethylglycine dehydrogenase deficiency pathway.

HY-W010040

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Monophenols Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Phenols Endocrine diseases Metabolic Disease Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine. 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is a substrate of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase (HPPA). 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid can be used in the study of HPD-related diseases, such as type III tyrosinemia and hawkinsinuria .

HY-141466

Crotonyl-CoA	Structural Classification Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite Histone Acetyltransferase
Crotonyl-CoA, a high-energy acyl donor, is an intermediate in the fermentation of butyric acid, and in the metabolism of lysine and tryptophan. Crotonyl-CoA is important in the metabolism of fatty acids and amino acids. Crotonyl-CoA acts as a substrate for p300’s histone crotonyltransferase activity, competing with acetyl-CoA for p300-mediated histone acylation reactions. Crotonyl-CoA regulates global and gene-specific histone crotonylation levels in cells, with cellular concentration changes altering histone crotonylation at regulatory elements of activated genes. Crotonyl-CoA serves as the substrate for crotonyl-CoA reductase/carboxylase (CCRC)-catalyzed NADPH-mediated reduction and carbon dioxide trapping to form unusual alkylmalonyl-CoA polyketide synthase extender units. Crotonyl-CoA can be used for the research of LPS-induced inflammatory response .

HY-112253

D-Fructose 1-phosphate	Structural Classification Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
D-Fructose 1-phosphate is a key intermediate metabolite in the fructose metabolic pathway. As a key signaling molecule linking fructose metabolism and glucose metabolic regulation, D-Fructose 1-phosphate acts as an allosteric modulator to counteract the inhibitory effect of the glucokinase-regulatory protein complex, thereby finely regulating the direction of hepatic glucose metabolism at the substrate level .

HY-113225

Guanosine triphosphate GTP	Infection Structural Classification Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Microorganisms Classification of Application Fields Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification Cancer	Endogenous Metabolite DNA/RNA Synthesis Apoptosis Mitosis
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism .

HY-N5132

(-)-Fenchone	Structural Classification Other Monoterpenes Classification of Application Fields Terpenoids Other Diseases Umbelliferae Plants Vernonia Schreb. Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Cytochrome P450
(-)-Fenchone is a bicyclic monoterpene and serves as a substrate for human liver microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2A6 and CYP2B6. (-)-Fenchone is not metabolized by human CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, or CYP3A4 enzymes. (-)-Fenchone undergoes hydroxylation to produce 6-exo-hydroxyfenchone, 6-endo-hydroxyfenchone, and 10-hydroxyfenchone. During the metabolism of (-)-Fenchone, CYP2A6 may play a more important role than CYP2B6 .

HY-112253A

D-Fructose 1-phosphate disodium 1 Publications Verification	Structural Classification Natural Products Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Other Diseases Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
D-Fructose 1-phosphate disodium is a key intermediate metabolite in the fructose metabolic pathway. As a key signaling molecule linking fructose metabolism and glucose metabolic regulation, D-Fructose 1-phosphate disodium acts as an allosteric modulator to counteract the inhibitory effect of the glucokinase-regulatory protein complex, thereby finely regulating the direction of hepatic glucose metabolism at the substrate level .

HY-76199

trans-4-Hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid	Structural Classification Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Bacterial PROTAC Linkers
trans-4-Hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid is a *substrate* for cyclohexanecarboxylic acid production. trans-4-Hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid is the by-product of intestinal bacterial metabolism via urinary excretion .

HY-N10574A

Queuine dihydrochloride 1 Publications Verification	Alkaloids Microorganisms Pyrrole Alkaloids Source Classification	Others
Queuine dihydrochloride is a selective substrate for tRNA guanine transglycosylase (TGT) and can be incorporated into eukaryotic tRNA. Queuine dihydrochloride promotes tRNA modification, affecting mitochondrial function and Warburg metabolic phenotype. If Queuine dihydrochloride is deficient, aerobic glycolysis can be enhanced, oxidative phosphorylation can be inhibited, and Warburg metabolism can be promoted, accompanied by increased ammonia and lactate production and increased lactate dehydrogenase activity. Queuine dihydrochloride can be used for autoimmune diseases (such as experimental models of multiple sclerosis) and cancer metabolic regulation, and its deficiency is associated with low tRNA modification in tumor cells .

HY-D0889R

Glycylglycine (Standard) Gly-Gly (Standard); H-Gly-Gly-OH (Standard)	Structural Classification Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
Glycylglycine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Glycylglycine (HY-D0889). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Glycylglycine is a non-selective glycylglycine dipeptidase substrate and iNOS inhibitor. Glycylglycine can cross the cell membrane by passive diffusion and is hydrolyzed to glycine in the cell, participating in energy metabolism and antioxidant processes. Glycylglycine promotes spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) proliferation, inhibits astrocyte overactivation and reduces nitric oxide (NO) release, while upregulating the expression of neurotrophic factors (such as PDGFA, FGF2, CNTF) to support nerve myelin repair. Glycylglycine can be used to study male reproductive biology (such as SSCs proliferation regulation) and neurodegenerative diseases (such as neuroprotective mechanisms in multiple sclerosis) .

HY-W015495R

L-Dihydroorotic acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase
L-Dihydroorotic acid (Standard) is an analytical reference standard for L-Dihydroorotic acid. This product is used for research and analytical applications. L-Dihydroorotic acid is an important intermediate in the metabolism of orotic acid and a substrate of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). L-Dihydroorotic acid can reversibly hydrolyze to yield the acyclic L-ureidosuccinic acid by dihydrowhey enzyme .

HY-W010040R

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Monophenols Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Disease markers Phenols Endocrine diseases Nervous System Disorder Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Endogenous Metabolite
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (HY-W010040). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine. 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid is a substrate of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid dioxygenase (HPPA). 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid can be used in the study of HPD-related diseases, such as type III tyrosinemia and hawkinsinuria .

HY-134425

β-Methylcrotonyl coenzyme A lithium	Natural Products Classification of Application Fields Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
β-Methylcrotonyl coenzyme A lithium is an intermediate in leucine metabolism and can be used as a substrate to study the specificity and kinetics of β-methylcrotonyl coenzyme A carboxylase (MCCase) .

HY-W008772R

4-Hydroxymephenytoin (Standard)	Structural Classification Monophenols Phenols Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Reference Standards Drug Metabolite
4-Hydroxymephenytoin (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4-Hydroxymephenytoin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4-Hydroxymephenytoin is a metabolism of an antiepileptic agent mephenytoin, which is used as a CYP2C19 substrate.

HY-113013A

Hydroxypyruvic acid lithium hydrate β-Hydroxypyruvic acid lithium hydrate; 3-Hydroxypyruvic acid lithium hydrate	Human Gut Microbiota Metabolites Classification of Application Fields Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Metabolic Disease Endogenous metabolite Disease Research Fields Source Classification	Endogenous Metabolite
Hydroxypyruvic acid lithium hydrate (β-Hydroxypyruvic acid lithium hydrate) is an intermediate in the metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine. Hydroxypyruvic acid lithium hydrate is a *substrate* for serine-pyruvate aminotransferase and glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase. Hydroxypyruvic acid lithium hydrate is involved in the metabolic disorder which is the dimethylglycine dehydrogenase deficiency pathway.

HY-76199R

trans-4-Hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid (Standard)	Structural Classification Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Bacterial Reference Standards
Phenethicillin (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Phenethicillin (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Phenethicillin (α-Phenoxyethylpenicillin) sodium is a Penicillin, and has antimicrobial activity .

HY-N15587

Gostatin Gostatine	Structural Classification Microorganisms Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Source Classification	Aminotransferases (Transaminases)
Gostatin is an inhibitor of aspartate aminotransferase (GOT). Gostatin is found in Streptomyces sumanensis nov. sp. NK-23. Gostatin has a strong inhibitory effect on pig heart GOT, a weak inhibitory effect on wheat germ GOT and GPT, and no significant effect on glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase. The inhibitory mechanism of gostatin is similar to substrate competitive inhibition, and aspartate has a protective effect on its inhibitory effect. Gostatin can be used to study the catalytic mechanism of GOT and its role in nitrogen metabolism .

HY-W990361

(S)-Ureidoglycolic acid	Structural Classification Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids Endogenous metabolite Source Classification	Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog
(S)-Ureidoglycolic acid is a substrate of enzyme ureidoglycolate dehydrogenase in a purine metabolism pathway and belongs to the class of n-carbomoyl-α-amino acids .

Cat. No.	Product Name	Chemical Structure

HY-112537S1

D-Glucose 6-Phosphate-13C6 (disodium xhydrate)

D-Glucose 6-Phosphate- ¹³C₆ disodium xhydrate is a ¹³C-labeled D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium xhydrate. D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium xhydrate is a key central node metabolite in sugar metabolism, serving as the initial metabolite of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, and also a substrate for glycogen synthesis. D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium xhydrate can act as a metabolic stress signal, especially when phosphoglucomutase (PGI) is inhibited, activating the mTOR pathway, promoting protein synthesis, and thereby participating in the remodeling process of the heart. D-Glucose 6-phosphate disodium xhydrate can be used in research related to non-insulin-dependent diabetes and heart failure.

HY-B0399S

L-Carnitine-d9

1 Publications Verification

L-Carnitine-d₉ is the deuterium labeled L-Carnitine. L-Carnitine (Levocarnitine) is an endogenous molecule involved in fatty acid metabolism, biosynthesized within the human body using amino acids: L-lysine and L-methionine, as substrates. L-Carnitine functions to transport long chain fatty acyl-CoAs into the mitochondria for degradation by β-oxidation. L-carnitine can ameliorate metabolic imbalances in many inborn errors of metabolism .

HY-W008772S

4-Hydroxymephenytoin-d3
4-Hydroxymephenytoin-d₃ is the deuterium labeled 4-Hydroxymephenytoin. 4-Hydroxymephenytoin is a metabolism of an antiepileptic agent mephenytoin, which is used as a CYP2C19 substrate .

HY-113225S2

Guanosine triphosphate-13C dilithium

Guanosine triphosphate- ¹³C (GTP- ¹³C) dilithium is ¹³C-labeled Guanosine triphosphate (HY-113225). Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism .

HY-112537S2

D-Glucose 6-phosphate-13C

D-Glucose 6-phosphate- ¹³C is ¹³C labeled D-Glucose 6-phosphate (HY-112537). D-Glucose 6-phosphate is a key central node metabolite in glucose metabolism. It serves as the initiating metabolite for glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, as well as a substrate for glycogen synthesis. D-Glucose 6-phosphate acts as a metabolic stress signal, which activates the mTOR pathway to promote protein synthesis, especially when phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is inhibited, thereby participating in cardiac remodeling processes. D-Glucose 6-phosphate can be used in research related to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and heart failure.

HY-113225S5

Guanosine triphosphate-13C10 dilithium

Guanosine triphosphate- ¹³C₁₀ (GTP- ¹³C₁₀) dilithium is ¹³C-labeled Guanosine triphosphate (HY-113225). Guanosine triphosphate dilithium (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate dilithium promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate dilithium links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate dilithium accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate dilithium is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism .

HY-113225S3

Guanosine triphosphate-15N5 dilithium

Guanosine triphosphate- ¹⁵N₅ (GTP- ¹⁵N₅) dilithium is ¹⁵N labeled Guanosine triphosphate (HY-113225). Guanosine triphosphate dilithium (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate dilithium promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate dilithium links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate dilithium accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate dilithium is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism .

HY-113225S1

Guanosine triphosphate-13C10,15N5 tetraammonium solution (100 mM)

Guanosine triphosphate- ¹³C₁₀, ¹⁵N₅ tetraammonium is the ¹³C and ¹⁵N labeled Guanosine triphosphate tetraammonium. Guanosine triphosphate tetraammonium (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate tetraammonium promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate tetraammonium links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate tetraammonium accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate tetraammonium is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism .

HY-113225S4

Guanosine triphosphate-15N5,d14 dilithium

Guanosine triphosphate- ¹⁵N₅,d₁₄ (GTP- ¹⁵N₅,d₁₄) dilithium is deuterium and ¹⁵N labeled Guanosine triphosphate (HY-113225). Guanosine triphosphate dilithium (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate dilithium promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate dilithium links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate dilithium accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate dilithium is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism .

Cat. No.	Product Name		Classification

HY-113225

Guanosine triphosphate GTP		Nucleotide Analogs
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is a critical nucleotide and regulator of cellular metabolism. Guanosine triphosphate promotes ribosomal DNA localization, pre-rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis by binding to RNA polymerase I and GPN proteins (GPN1/3). Guanosine triphosphate links MYC-dependent ribosome biogenesis to nucleotide sufficiency, acts as a metabolic gatekeeper supporting protein synthesis, DNA/RNA synthesis and cellular signal transduction, while also participating in the physiological activities of pancreatic β-cells and serving as an oxidative substrate for reactive oxygen species. In small cell lung cancer with high MYC expression, Guanosine triphosphate accumulates through the IMPDH-driven synthetic pathway, thereby affecting apoptosis and mitotic processes. Guanosine triphosphate is used in the research of small cell lung cancer, hepatoblastoma and cellular metabolism .

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