2. GPCR/G Protein Neuronal Signaling
  3. 5-HT Receptor
  4. Almotriptan malate

Almotriptan malate  (Synonyms: PNU180638)

Cat. No.: HY-B0383 Purity: 99.53%
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Almotriptan malate (PNU180638) is an orally active, highly selective agonist of the 5-HT1B/1D receptor (5-HT1B/1D receptor), with EC50 values of 1.6 nM and 3.1 nM, respectively. Almotriptan malate shows moderate affinity for the 5-HT1F receptor, and weak affinity for the 5-HT1A, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 receptors. Almotriptan malate induces intracranial vasoconstriction, inhibits nociceptive neurotransmission in the trigeminocervical complex, and suppresses the release of vasoactive peptides from trigeminal nerve endings. Almotriptan malate can be used in research related to migraine.

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Almotriptan malate

Almotriptan malate Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 181183-52-8

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Based on 1 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Almotriptan malate:

Almotriptan malate Related Antibodies

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Description

Almotriptan malate (PNU180638) is an orally active, highly selective agonist of the 5-HT1B/1D receptor (5-HT1B/1D receptor), with EC50 values of 1.6 nM and 3.1 nM, respectively. Almotriptan malate shows moderate affinity for the 5-HT1F receptor, and weak affinity for the 5-HT1A, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 receptors. Almotriptan malate induces intracranial vasoconstriction, inhibits nociceptive neurotransmission in the trigeminocervical complex, and suppresses the release of vasoactive peptides from trigeminal nerve endings. Almotriptan malate can be used in research related to migraine[1][2].

IC50 & Target[2]

5-HT1B Receptor

1.6 nM (EC50)

5-HT1D Receptor

3.1 nM (EC50)

In Vitro

Almotriptan malate acts as a full agonist to induce potent concentration-dependent contractions in canine isolated saphenous veins, with an EC50 of 394 nM, via 5-HT1B/1D receptors[2].
Almotriptan malate induces vasoconstriction in human isolated meningeal, superficial temporal, and basilar arteries, with EC50 values of 0.7 μM (superficial temporal) and 3.7 μM (basilar), and greater potency than Sumatriptan (HY-B0121B) in meningeal arteries[2].
Almotriptan malate is metabolized by multiple human liver microsomal enzymes, including MAO-A, FMO, aldehyde dehydrogenase, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4, and only weakly inhibits CYP2D6 with no significant inhibition of MAO-A or MAO-B[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Almotriptan malate Related Antibodies
Parmacokinetics
Species Dose Route Note Tmax Cmax AUC T1/2 Vz CL F
Rat[2] 10 mg/kg i.v. male 0.1 h 3.43 μg/mL 1.69 μg·h/mL 0.8 h 6.4 L/kg 5.9 L/h/kg /
Rat[2] 10 mg/kg i.v. female 0.1 h 3.60 μg/mL 1.82 μg·h/mL 0.7 h 5.3 L/kg 5.5 L/h/kg /
Rat[2] 10 mg/kg s.c. male 0.5 h 1.55 μg/mL 1.75 μg·h/mL 0.6 h 4.9 L/kg 5.7 L/h/kg 104 %
Rat[2] 10 mg/kg s.c. female 0.5 h 1.58 μg/mL 1.99 μg·h/mL 0.8 h 5.5 L/kg 5.0 L/h/kg 109 %
Rat[2] 10 mg/kg p.o. male 0.25 h 0.57 μg/mL 0.62 μg·h/mL 2.0 h / / 37 %
Rat[2] 10 mg/kg p.o. female 0.25 h 0.45 μg/mL 0.64 μg·h/mL 1.2 h / / 35 %
Dog[2] 5 mg/kg i.v. / 0.1 h 1.95 μg/mL 4.39 μg·h/mL 2.3 h 3.7 L/kg 1.2 L/h/kg /
Dog[2] 5 mg/kg s.c. / 0.5 h 1.6 μg/mL 5.14 μg·h/mL 2.8 h / / 118 %
Dog[2] 5 mg/kg p.o. / 0.8 h 0.92 μg/mL 3.60 μg·h/mL 2.4 h / / 82 %
Cynomolgus Monkey[2] 10 mg/kg i.v. / 0.08 h 5.18 μg/mL 4.32 μg·h/mL 1.3 h 4.4 L/kg 2.4 L/h/kg /
Cynomolgus Monkey[2] 10 mg/kg p.o. / 3.5 h 0.20 μg/mL 0.79 μg·h/mL 1.7 h / / 19 %
In Vivo

Almotriptan (0.01-3000 μg/kg; intravenous/intradermal administration; single dose) malate increases carotid vascular resistance in anesthetized cats, with efficacy and potency comparable to those of Sumatriptan; it elevates resistance by 100% at an intravenous dose of 9 μg/kg and exerts effects via the 5-HT1 receptor[2].
Almotriptan (0-1 mg/kg; intravenous injection; single dose; maximum 0.3 mg/kg; intravenous injection; single dose; 30 μg/min; intracoronary infusion; 1 h) malate increases carotid vascular resistance in beagle dogs, and exhibits better carotid-femoral artery selectivity than Sumatriptan. At the tested doses, this agent has favorable cardiovascular safety, with no cardiac inhibitory effect or QTc interval change[2].
Almotriptan (10 mg/kg; subcutaneous injection; single dose) malate inhibits trigeminal ganglion-induced meningeal vascular extravasation in anesthetized guinea pigs, and at a subcutaneous dose of 10 mg/kg, it causes no hypothermia or bronchospasm in conscious guinea pigs[2].
Almotriptan (oral administration; single dose) malate does not alter cardiovascular parameters or diuretic effects in normotensive Wistar rats at the tested oral doses[2].
Almotriptan (1-3 mg/kg; subcutaneous injection; single administration) malate exerts no cardiovascular effects at the dose of 1 mg/kg s.c. in conscious cynomolgus monkeys, while the 3 mg/kg s.c. dose only induces mild, transient effects without electrocardiogram changes[2].
Almotriptan (up to 300 mg/kg; p.o.; single administration) malate shows no central nervous system-related behavioral or motor function effects in mice at oral doses up to 300 mg/kg[2].
Almotriptan malate slightly alleviates apomorphine (HY-12723)-induced vomiting responses in dogs[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: Domestic cat (anesthetized)[2]
Dosage: 9 μg/kg (i.v.); 0.01-3000 μg/kg (i.v.); unspecified (i.d.)
Administration: i.v.; single dose; i.d.; single dose
Result: Increased carotid vascular resistance by 100%.
Produced statistically significant increases in carotid vascular resistance at doses ≥10 μg/kg i.v..
Showed effective enteric absorption via i.d.
administration, increasing carotid vascular resistance with potency and efficacy equivalent to sumatriptan.
Acted mainly on carotid arteriovenous anastomoses, had a tendency to increase cerebral blood flow in absolute and relative terms, and did not decrease the component of brain blood flow supplied by the carotid artery.
Carotid vasoconstrictor effects were almost completely reversed by methiothepin, a 5-HT1 receptor antagonist.
Animal Model: Beagle dog (anesthetized, conscious)[2]
Dosage: unspecified (carotid effect); 1 mg/kg; up to 0.3 mg/kg; 30 μg/min
Administration: i.v.; single dose; intracoronary infusion; 1 hour
Result: Increased carotid vascular resistance and showed greater selectivity for carotid versus femoral vascular beds compared to sumatriptan.
At 1 mg/kg i.v., produced a moderate increase in renal blood flow and a transient increase in diuresis and natriuresis, with no effect on glomerular filtration rate or filtration fraction.
At doses up to 0.3 mg/kg i.v.
in conscious dogs, had no effect on coronary blood flow or coronary vascular resistance, and produced no changes in evaluated ECG intervals.
Intracoronary infusion at 30 μg/min for 1 hour did not alter the QTc interval.
Did not induce a cardiodepressant effect (fall in heart rate and dP/dt_max) in open-chest anesthetized dogs, unlike sumatriptan.
Animal Model: Guinea pig (anesthetized, conscious)[2]
Dosage: 10 mg/kg
Administration: s.c.; single dose
Result: Inhibited meningeal extravasation produced by electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion in anesthetized guinea pigs.
Did not induce hypothermia in conscious guinea pigs.
Did not cause bronchospasm in conscious guinea pigs.
Animal Model: Cynomolgus monkey (conscious)[2]
Dosage: 1 mg/kg; 3 mg/kg
Administration: s.c.; single dose
Result: Had no effect on cardiovascular parameters at 1 mg/kg s.c.
Produced modest, transitory cardiovascular effects with no morphological ECG alterations at 3 mg/kg s.c.
Clinical Trial
Molecular Weight

469.55

Formula

C21H31N3O7S
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

O=C(O)C(O)CC(O)=O.O=S(CC1=CC2=C(NC=C2CCN(C)C)C=C1)(N3CCCC3)=O
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture

*In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture)

Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 100 mg/mL (212.97 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H2O : 33.33 mg/mL (70.98 mM; Need ultrasonic)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 2.1297 mL 10.6485 mL 21.2970 mL
5 mM 0.4259 mL 2.1297 mL 4.2594 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.32 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (5.32 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

    Solubility: 50 mg/mL (106.48 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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(per animal)

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Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only.If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
H2O / DMSO 1 mM 2.1297 mL 10.6485 mL 21.2970 mL 53.2425 mL
5 mM 0.4259 mL 2.1297 mL 4.2594 mL 10.6485 mL
10 mM 0.2130 mL 1.0648 mL 2.1297 mL 5.3242 mL
15 mM 0.1420 mL 0.7099 mL 1.4198 mL 3.5495 mL
20 mM 0.1065 mL 0.5324 mL 1.0648 mL 2.6621 mL
25 mM 0.0852 mL 0.4259 mL 0.8519 mL 2.1297 mL
30 mM 0.0710 mL 0.3549 mL 0.7099 mL 1.7747 mL
40 mM 0.0532 mL 0.2662 mL 0.5324 mL 1.3311 mL
50 mM 0.0426 mL 0.2130 mL 0.4259 mL 1.0648 mL
60 mM 0.0355 mL 0.1775 mL 0.3549 mL 0.8874 mL
DMSO 80 mM 0.0266 mL 0.1331 mL 0.2662 mL 0.6655 mL
100 mM 0.0213 mL 0.1065 mL 0.2130 mL 0.5324 mL

* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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Almotriptan malate Related Classifications

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  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Almotriptan181183-52-8PNU180638PNU 180638PNU-1806385-HT ReceptorSerotonin Receptor5-hydroxytryptamine Receptor5-HT1B receptorsmigrainecytochrome P450 2D65-HT1F receptorstrigeminal nerve endings5-HT1D receptorstrigeminocervical complex5-HT1B/1D receptor5-HT1A receptorscytochrome P450 3A4Inhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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