2. NF-κB MAPK/ERK Pathway
  3. NF-κB p38 MAPK
  4. Pulchinenoside A

Pulchinenoside A  (Synonyms: Anemoside A3)

Cat. No.: HY-N0204 Purity: 98.81%
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Pulchinenoside A (Anemoside A3) is an orally active triterpenoid glycoside found in the root of Pulsatilla chinensis. Pulchinenoside A has amti-inflammation, antitumor, antidepressant, immunoregulatory and neuroprotective efrects. Pulchinenoside A activates NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. Pulchinenoside A can induce relaxing effect in rat renal arteries. Pulchinenoside A can be used for the researches of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, breast cancer, depression and renovascular hypertension.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Pulchinenoside A

Pulchinenoside A Chemical Structure

CAS No. : 129724-84-1

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Solid + Solvent (Highly Recommended)
10 mM * 1 mL in DMSO
ready for reconstitution
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Other Forms of Pulchinenoside A:

Pulchinenoside A Related Antibodies

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  • Biological Activity

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Description

Pulchinenoside A (Anemoside A3) is an orally active triterpenoid glycoside found in the root of Pulsatilla chinensis. Pulchinenoside A has amti-inflammation, antitumor, antidepressant, immunoregulatory and neuroprotective efrects. Pulchinenoside A activates NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. Pulchinenoside A can induce relaxing effect in rat renal arteries. Pulchinenoside A can be used for the researches of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, breast cancer, depression and renovascular hypertension[1][2][3][4][5].

IC50 & Target

NMDA Receptor

 

Cellular Effect
Cell Line Type Value Description References
THP-1 IC50
>= 80 μM
Compound: AA3
Cytotoxicity against human THP-1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CCK8 assay
Cytotoxicity against human THP-1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 24 hrs by CCK8 assay
[PMID: 38687956]
In Vitro

Pulchinenoside A (30 min) dose-dependently inhibits PGE2-EP4 signaling in human THP-1 acute monocytic leukemia cells with IC50 values of 22.4 μM (for PGE2-induced cAMP) and 22.9 μM (for PGE1-OH-induced cAMP), without reducing cell viability[1].
Pulchinenoside A exhibits stable binding affinity with purified TLR4 protein, with a docking score of −9.6287[3].
Pulchinenoside A (1.5625-200 μg/mL; 24 h) is non-cytotoxic to THP-1-derived M0 macrophages at concentrations up to 200 μg/mL, maintaining over 80% cell viability[3].
Pulchinenoside A (50-100 μg/mL; 24 h) induces M1 polarization of THP-1-derived M0 macrophages, significantly increasing mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, and IL-1β at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL[3].
Pulchinenoside A (50-100 μg/mL; 24 h) promotes M1 polarization of THP-1-derived M0 macrophages, significantly increasing the proportion of CD86+ cells at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL[3].
Pulchinenoside A (50-100 μg/mL; 24 h) activates the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway in THP-1-derived M0 macrophages, significantly increasing expression of key pathway proteins at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL[3].
Pulchinenoside A (25-100 μg/mL; 24 h) significantly inhibits MCF-7 breast cancer cell viability in a THP-1 macrophage-MCF-7 co-culture system[3].
Pulchinenoside A (50-100 μg/mL; 24 h) increases IL-12 secretion by macrophages and down-regulates VEGF mRNA expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells in a co-culture system[3].
Pulchinenoside A (50-100 μg/mL; 24 h) activates the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway in TAMs generated in a THP-1 macrophage-MCF-7 co-culture system, significantly increasing expression of key pathway proteins at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL[3].
Pulchinenoside A (0.1-10 μg/mL; 25 min) protects PC12 cells from apoptosis induced by sodium cyanide and glucose deprivation[4].
Pulchinenoside A (3-100 μM) induces relaxing effect in rat renal arteries[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Pulchinenoside A Related Antibodies

Cell Cytotoxicity Assay[3]

Cell Line: THP-1-derived M0 macrophages
Concentration: 1.5625, 3.125, 12.5, 20, 25, 50, 100, 200 μg/mL
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Showed minimal cytotoxicity toward M0 macrophages, with cell viability remaining above 80% across all tested concentrations.

Real Time qPCR[3]

Cell Line: THP-1-derived M0 macrophages
Concentration: 50, 100 μg/mL
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Significantly increased relative mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, and IL-1β.

Immunofluorescence[3]

Cell Line: THP-1-derived M0 macrophages
Concentration: 50, 100 μg/mL
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Significantly increased the percentage of CD86+ cells.

Western Blot Analysis[3]

Cell Line: THP-1-derived M0 macrophages; MCF-7 breast cancer cells in THP-1 macrophage-MCF-7 co-culture system
Concentration: 50, 100 μg/mL
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Increased relative protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, IκBα, NF-κB, and P38.

Cell Viability Assay[3]

Cell Line: MCF-7 breast cancer cells in THP-1 macrophage-MCF-7 co-culture system
Concentration: 25, 50, 100 μg/mL
Incubation Time: 24 h
Result: Significantly inhibited MCF-7 cell viability.

Apoptosis Analysis[4]

Cell Line: rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 cells
Concentration: 0.1 μg/mL, 1 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL
Incubation Time: 25 min (pre-incubation); 24 h (maintenance)
Result: Protected PC12 cells from apoptosis induced by sodium cyanide and glucose deprivation.
Reduced the sub-G1 apoptotic peak in NaCN/glucose-deprived PC12 cells at 10 μg/mL.
In Vivo

Pulchinenoside A (100 mg/kg; i.g.,; daily; from day 0 or 8 to day 20) significantly ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6 mice by reducing disease severity, spinal cord inflammation and demyelination, and inhibiting pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cell responses[1].
Pulchinenoside A (30-300 mg/kg; i.p.; single dose) produces antidepressant-like effects in stress-naive mice via reduced immobility in forced swim and tail suspension tests, with no impact on locomotor activity[2].
Pulchinenoside A (100 mg/kg; i.p.; daily; 5 days) reverses chronic mild stress-induced depression-like behaviors in mice, including reduced anhedonia and feeding latency, with faster onset efficacy than the classical antidepressant clomipramine[2].
Pulchinenoside A (100 mg/kg; i.p.; daily; 5 days) exerts antidepressant-like effects in CSDS-susceptible mice via a mechanism dependent on activation of GluA2-lacking AMPARs in the hippocampal stratum lacunosum-moleculare[2].
Pulchinenoside A (5-20 mg/kg; i.p.; daily; 13 days) induces M1 macrophage polarization via a TLR4-dependent pathway, significantly reducing breast tumor growth and angiogenesis in BALB/c mice[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model: C57BL/6 (female, 10-week-old, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced via immunization with 100 μg MOG35-55 peptide in complete Freund’s adjuvant containing 2 mg/mL heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis, followed by intraperitoneal injection of 400 ng pertussis toxin on day 0 and day 1 post-immunization)[1]
Dosage: 100 mg/kg
Administration: p.o.; daily; from day 0 or 8 to day 20
Result: Increased the mean time to reach a clinical score of 1 (tail paralysis) to 15.6 days.
Reduced day 20 weight loss to 9.5%.
Lowered the incidence of severe EAE (score ≥3.5) to 7.6%.
Significantly reduced spinal cord vacuolization, inflammatory cell infiltration, and demyelination.
Reduced levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 in lymphocytes following ex vivo MOG35-55 re-stimulation.
Significantly reduced clinical disease scores over the course of the experiment when administered starting day 8.
Animal Model: C57BL/6J mice with depression (male, 8-10 weeks old)[2]
Dosage: 30 mg/kg; 100 mg/kg; 300 mg/kg
Administration: i.p.; single dose
Result: Reduced mouse immobility time compared to vehicle controls in the forced swim test.
Reduced mouse immobility time compared to vehicle controls in the tail suspension test at 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg doses.
Had no effect on mouse locomotor activity in the open field test.
Animal Model: BALB/c (six-week-old female; orthotopic breast cancer model via 106 4T1-Luc cell injection)[3]
Dosage: 5 mg/kg; 10 mg/kg; 20 mg/kg
Administration: i.p.; daily; 13 days
Result: Significantly reduced tumor volume, tumor wet weight, and bioluminescence intensity compared to the model group.
Significantly increased the proportion of CD86+, TLR4+, and CD86+/TLR4+ double-positive cells in tumor tissues compared to the model group.
Significantly upregulated tumor IL-12 mRNA expression compared to the model group.
Significantly downregulated tumor VEGF IHC scores compared to the model group.
Molecular Weight

750.96

Formula

C41H66O12
CAS No.
Appearance

Solid

Color

White to off-white

SMILES

C[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@]([H])(O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CO[C@@]2([H])O[C@@H]3[C@](CO)(C)[C@]4([H])CC[C@@]5(C)[C@]6(C)CC[C@@]7(C(O)=O)CC[C@@H](C(C)=C)[C@]7([H])[C@@]6([H])CC[C@]5([H])[C@@]4(C)CC3)O1
Structure Classification
Initial Source
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage
Powder -20°C 3 years
4°C 2 years
In solvent -80°C 2 years
-20°C 1 year
Solvent & Solubility
In Vitro: 

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (66.58 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Preparing
Stock Solutions
Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 1.3316 mL 6.6581 mL 13.3163 mL
5 mM 0.2663 mL 1.3316 mL 2.6633 mL
View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

  • Molarity Calculator

  • Dilution Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

  • Protocol 1

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.33 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

    Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
  • Protocol 2

    Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

    Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (3.33 mM); Clear solution

    This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

    Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

    Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

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Dosing volume
(per animal)

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Number of animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
%
DMSO +
% 
+
%
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%
Saline
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Calculation results:
Working solution concentration: mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).
The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
 If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
Purity & Documentation
References

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

* Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
DMSO 1 mM 1.3316 mL 6.6581 mL 13.3163 mL 33.2907 mL
5 mM 0.2663 mL 1.3316 mL 2.6633 mL 6.6581 mL
10 mM 0.1332 mL 0.6658 mL 1.3316 mL 3.3291 mL
15 mM 0.0888 mL 0.4439 mL 0.8878 mL 2.2194 mL
20 mM 0.0666 mL 0.3329 mL 0.6658 mL 1.6645 mL
25 mM 0.0533 mL 0.2663 mL 0.5327 mL 1.3316 mL
30 mM 0.0444 mL 0.2219 mL 0.4439 mL 1.1097 mL
40 mM 0.0333 mL 0.1665 mL 0.3329 mL 0.8323 mL
50 mM 0.0266 mL 0.1332 mL 0.2663 mL 0.6658 mL
60 mM 0.0222 mL 0.1110 mL 0.2219 mL 0.5548 mL
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Pulchinenoside A Related Classifications

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  • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

    Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

Keywords:

Pulchinenoside A129724-84-1Anemoside A3Anemoside A 3Anemoside A-3NF-κBp38 MAPKNuclear factor-κBNuclear factor-kappaBTLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signalingM0 macrophagesC57BL/6 miceMCF-7 breast cancer cellsSTAT4STAT3PC12 cellsEP4Inhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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