beta Amyloid Antibody (YA3556)(PBS only)

Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein; Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein; Perikaryon; Cell projection, growth cone; Membrane, clathrin-coated pit; Early endosome; Cytoplasmic vesicle; Endoplasmic reticulum; Golgi apparatus; Early endosome; Early endosome; Secreted; Cell surface; Cell surface; Nucleus; Cytoplasm

Tissue_specificity:It is expressed in both brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (protein level) (PubMed: 2649245) . It is expressed in all fetal tissues examined, with the highest expression levels in the brain, kidney, heart, and spleen. Expression is weaker in the liver. In human brain tissue, the highest expression levels are found in the frontal cortex and the cortico-insular gyrus around the anterior lateral fissure. Moderate expression levels are found in the cerebellar cortex, the cortico-insular gyrus around the posterior lateral fissure, and the temporal lobe-related cortex. Expression is weaker in the striatum, extrastriate cortex, and motor cortex. It is also expressed in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. The APP695 isoform is the predominant form in neural tissue, while the APP751 and APP770 isoforms are widely expressed in non-neuronal cells. The APP751 isoform is the most abundant form in T lymphocytes. Appican is expressed in astrocytes.

Induction:Increased levels during neuronal differentiation

Positive Control：APP/PS1, 6-month mouse of AD brain tissue.

P05067 has 11 isomers: P05067-1: 86943 Da (predicted); P05067-2: 34358 Da (predicted); P05067-3: 76760 Da (predicted); P05067-4: 78663 Da (predicted); P05067-5: 78866 Da (predicted); P05067-6: 80769 Da (predicted); P05067-7: 82916 Da (predicted); P05067-8: 84819 Da (predicted); P05067-9: 85040 Da (predicted); P05067-10: 72553 Da (predicted); P05067-11: 84521 Da (predicted).
Proteolytically processed under normal cellular conditions. Cleavage either by alpha-secretase, beta-secretase or theta-secretase leads to generation and extracellular release of soluble APP peptides, S-APP-alpha and S-APP-beta, and the retention of corresponding membrane-anchored C-terminal fragments, C80, C83 and C99. Subsequent processing of C80 and C83 by gamma-secretase yields P3 peptides. This is the major secretory pathway and is non-amyloidogenic. Alternatively, presenilin/nicastrin-mediated gamma-secretase processing of C99 releases the amyloid-beta proteins, amyloid-beta protein 40 and amyloid-beta protein 42, major components of amyloid plaques, and the cytotoxic C-terminal fragments, gamma-CTF(50), gamma-CTF(57) and gamma-CTF(59). PSEN1 cleavage is more efficient with C83 than with C99 as substrate (in vitro) (PubMed:30630874). Amyloid-beta protein 40 and Amyloid-beta protein 42 are cleaved by ACE (PubMed:11604391, PubMed:16154999). Many other minor amyloid-beta peptides, amyloid-beta 1-X peptides, are found in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) including the amyloid-beta X-15 peptides, produced from the cleavage by alpha-secretase and all terminating at Gln-686;Proteolytically cleaved by caspases during neuronal apoptosis. Cleavage at Asp-739 by either CASP6, CASP8 or CASP9 results in the production of the neurotoxic C31 peptide and the increased production of amyloid-beta peptides;N-glycosylated (PubMed:2900137). N- and O-glycosylated (PubMed:2649245). O-glycosylation on Ser and Thr residues with core 1 or possibly core 8 glycans. Partial tyrosine glycosylation (Tyr-681) is found on some minor, short amyloid-beta peptides (amyloid-beta 1-15, 1-16, 1-17, 1-18, 1-19 and 1-20) but not found on amyloid-beta protein 38, amyloid-beta protein 40 nor on amyloid-beta protein 42. Modification on a tyrosine is unusual and is more prevelant in AD patients. Glycans had Neu5AcHex(Neu5Ac)HexNAc-O-Tyr, Neu5AcNeu5AcHex(Neu5Ac)HexNAc-O-Tyr and O-AcNeu5AcNeu5AcHex(Neu5Ac)HexNAc-O-Tyr structures, where O-Ac is O-acetylation of Neu5Ac. Neu5AcNeu5Ac is most likely Neu5Ac 2,8Neu5Ac linked. O-glycosylations in the vicinity of the cleavage sites may influence the proteolytic processing. Appicans are L-APP isoforms witH2O2linked chondroitin sulfate;Phosphorylation in the C-terminal on tyrosine, threonine and serine residues is neuron-specific (PubMed:10341243). Phosphorylation can affect APP processing, neuronal differentiation and interaction witH2O2her proteins (PubMed:10341243). Phosphorylated on Thr-743 in neuronal cells by Cdc5 kinase and Mapk10, in dividing cells by Cdc2 kinase in a cell-cycle dependent manner with maximal levels at the G2/M phase and, in vitro, by GSK-3-beta (PubMed:11146006, PubMed:8131745). The Thr-743 phosphorylated form causes a conformational change which reduces binding of Fe65 family members (PubMed:11517218). In dopaminergic (DA) neurons, phosphorylation on Thr-743 by LRKK2 promotes the production and the nuclear translocation of the APP intracellular domain (AICD) which induces DA neuron apoptosis (PubMed:28720718). Phosphorylation on Tyr-757 is required for SHC binding (PubMed:11877420). Phosphorylated in the extracellular domain by casein kinases on both soluble and membrane-bound APP. This phosphorylation is inhibited by heparin (PubMed:8999878);Extracellular binding and reduction of copper, results in a corresponding oxidation of Cys-144 and Cys-158, and the formation of a disulfide bond. In vitro, the APP-Cu(+) complex in the presence of hydrogen peroxide results in an increased production of amyloid-beta-containing peptides;Trophic-factor deprivation triggers the cleavage of surface APP by beta-secretase to release sAPP-beta which is further cleaved to release an N-terminal fragment of APP (N-APP);Amyloid-beta peptides are degraded by IDE;Sulfated on tyrosine residues

Binds, via its C-terminus, to the PID domain of several cytoplasmic proteins, including APBB family members, the APBA family, MAPK8IP1, SHC1 and, NUMB and DAB1 (By similarity).

P05067

A4 antibody; A4_HUMAN antibody; AAA antibody; ABETA antibody; ABPP antibody; AICD-50 antibody; AICD-57 antibody; AICD-59 antibody; AID(50) antibody; AID(57) antibody; AID(59) antibody; Alzheimer disease amyloid protein antibody; Amyloid intracellular domain 50 antibody; Amyloid intracellular domain 57 antibody; Amyloid intracellular domain 59 antibody; APP antibody; APPI antibody; Beta amyloid protein 42 antibody; Beta APP42 antibody; Beta-APP40 antibody; Beta-APP42 antibody; C31 antibody; Cerebral vascular amyloid peptide antibody; CVAP antibody; Gamma-CTF(50) antibody; Gamma-CTF(57) antibody; Gamma-CTF(59) antibody; PN-II antibody; PreA4 antibody; Protease nexin-II antibody; S-APP-alpha antibody; S-APP-beta antibody; Aβ;

Epigenetics and Nuclear Signaling