Cat. No.: HY-15144

Trichostatin A

(Synonyms: TSA)

186 Cited Publications

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Based on 186 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Trichostatin A (TSA) is a potent and specific inhibitor of HDAC class I/II, with an IC₅₀ value of 1.8 nM for HDAC.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.85%
CAS No.: 58880-19-6
Formula: C₁₇H₂₂N₂O₃
Molecular Weight:302.37

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year

Trichostatin A Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 58880-19-6

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Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (186)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
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Biological Activity

Description

Trichostatin A (TSA) is a potent and specific inhibitor of HDAC class I/II, with an IC₅₀ value of 1.8 nM for HDAC^[1].

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]

HDAC

1.8 nM (IC₅₀)

All HDAC Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
A20	IC₅₀	0.002 μM Compound: TSA	In vitro for anti-HDAC1 (Histone deacetylase 1) activity in mouse A20 cells In vitro for anti-HDAC1 (Histone deacetylase 1) activity in mouse A20 cells	[PMID: 11960489]
A2058	IC₅₀	0.43 μM Compound: 4; TSA	Cytotoxicity against human A2058 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability Cytotoxicity against human A2058 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability	[PMID: 32005414]
A2780	IC₅₀	0.22 μM Compound: TSA	Cytotoxicity against cisplatin resistant human A2780 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against cisplatin resistant human A2780 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 23252603]
A2780	IC₅₀	0.25 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of HDAC in cisplatin resistant human A2780 cells after 18 hrs by fluorescence assay Inhibition of HDAC in cisplatin resistant human A2780 cells after 18 hrs by fluorescence assay	[PMID: 23252603]
A2780	IC₅₀	0.29 μM Compound: TSA	Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 23252603]
A2780	IC₅₀	0.43 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of HDAC in human A2780 cells after 18 hrs by fluorescence assay Inhibition of HDAC in human A2780 cells after 18 hrs by fluorescence assay	[PMID: 23252603]
A-431	IC₅₀	0.18 μM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human A431 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human A431 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 27427973]
A549	IC₅₀	0.16 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibitory concentration required to reduce A549 tumor cell growth by 50% in MTT assay Inhibitory concentration required to reduce A549 tumor cell growth by 50% in MTT assay	[PMID: 12061890]
A549	IC₅₀	4.5 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibitory concentration against lung A549 cell line Inhibitory concentration against lung A549 cell line	[PMID: 12593661]
A549	IC₅₀	0.08 μM Compound: TSA (1)	Compound was tested for antiproliferative activity against human A549 cancer cell lines using MTT assay Compound was tested for antiproliferative activity against human A549 cancer cell lines using MTT assay	[PMID: 14667227]
A549	IC₅₀	0.08 μM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells	[PMID: 18247554]
A549	IC₅₀	0.05 μM Compound: TSA	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 24960627]
A549	IC₅₀	0.05 μM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 27427973]
A549	GI₅₀	80 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay	[PMID: 30004697]
A549	IC₅₀	20 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells	[PMID: 30245394]
A549	IC₅₀	1.31 μM Compound: 4; TSA	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability	[PMID: 32005414]
A549	IC₅₀	80 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter Glo assay Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter Glo assay	[PMID: 35797900]
A549	IC₅₀	0.05 μM Compound: Trichostatin A	Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	10.1039/C3MD00371J
BE(2)-C	IC₅₀	0.05 μM Compound: 1, TSA, trichostatin A	Antiproliferative activity against human BE(2)-C cells after 72 hrs by Alamar blue assay Antiproliferative activity against human BE(2)-C cells after 72 hrs by Alamar blue assay	[PMID: 22932316]
Bel-7402	IC₅₀	0.1 μM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human Bel7402 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 27427973]
BGC-823	IC₅₀	0.08 μM Compound: TSA	Cytotoxicity against human BGC823 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human BGC823 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 24960627]
BGC-823	IC₅₀	0.07 μM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human BGC823 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human BGC823 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 27427973]
BGC-823	IC₅₀	0.08 μM Compound: Trichostatin A	Cytotoxicity against human BGC823 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human BGC823 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	10.1039/C3MD00371J
BT-474	IC₅₀	33.3 nM Compound: 8; TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human BT-474 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition by SRB assay Antiproliferative activity against human BT-474 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition by SRB assay	[PMID: 34826681]
BXPC-3	GI₅₀	100 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human BxPC3 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay Antiproliferative activity against human BxPC3 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay	[PMID: 30004697]
C180-13S	IC₅₀	0.06 μM Compound: 1a	Cytotoxicity of compound against normal human ovarian C18013S cell line Cytotoxicity of compound against normal human ovarian C18013S cell line	[PMID: 15163181]
Cancer cell lines	EC₅₀	1 μM Compound: 1 (trichostatin A)	Concentration of compound required for acetylation of histone-4 in human T24 cancer cells Concentration of compound required for acetylation of histone-4 in human T24 cancer cells	[PMID: 11597413]
DMS-53	IC₅₀	25 nM Compound: Trichostatin A	Cytostatic activity against human DMS53 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 2 days by MTT assay Cytostatic activity against human DMS53 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 2 days by MTT assay	[PMID: 21504214]
DO4	IC₅₀	0.09 μM Compound: 1a	Cytotoxicity of compound against normal human melanoma DO4 cell line Cytotoxicity of compound against normal human melanoma DO4 cell line	[PMID: 15163181]
DU-145	IC₅₀	0.2 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibitory concentration required to reduce DU145 tumor cell growth by 50% in MTT assay Inhibitory concentration required to reduce DU145 tumor cell growth by 50% in MTT assay	[PMID: 12061890]
DU-145	IC₅₀	3.5 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibitory concentration against prostate DU145 cell line Inhibitory concentration against prostate DU145 cell line	[PMID: 12593661]
DU-145	IC₅₀	0.06 μM Compound: 1a	Cytotoxicity of compound against normal human prostate DU145 cell line Cytotoxicity of compound against normal human prostate DU145 cell line	[PMID: 15163181]
DU-145	IC₅₀	0.06 μM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human DU145 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human DU145 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 27427973]
Erythrocyte	IC₅₀	0.2 μM Compound: TSA	Cytotoxicity against erythrocytes (unknown origin) Cytotoxicity against erythrocytes (unknown origin)	[PMID: 24904967]
Fibroblast	IC₅₀	0.2 μM Compound: TSA	Toxicity in neonatal foreskin fibroblasts Toxicity in neonatal foreskin fibroblasts	[PMID: 18212103]
Fibroblast	IC₅₀	0.2 μM Compound: TSA	Growth inhibition of human neonatal foreskin fibroblasts cells Growth inhibition of human neonatal foreskin fibroblasts cells	[PMID: 18247554]
Fibroblast MRHF cell line	IC₅₀	36 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibitory concentration against normal fibroblast MRHF cell line Inhibitory concentration against normal fibroblast MRHF cell line	[PMID: 12593661]
Friend leukemia cell line	IC₅₀	0.04 μM Compound: 2	Tested in vivo for the inhibition of proliferation of friend leukemic cells Tested in vivo for the inhibition of proliferation of friend leukemic cells	[PMID: 12109913]
Friend leukemia cell line	IC₅₀	0.04 μM Compound: 2 - TSA	Inhibitory concentration against friend cells proliferation Inhibitory concentration against friend cells proliferation	[PMID: 14613312]
HCT-116	EC₅₀	1 μM Compound: 1 (trichostatin A)	In vitro antiproliferative activity against human colon cancer HCT 116 cells determined by MMT assay In vitro antiproliferative activity against human colon cancer HCT 116 cells determined by MMT assay	[PMID: 11597413]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	0.013 μM Compound: 1	Concentration required to inhibit the HCT116 cell growth by 50%. Concentration required to inhibit the HCT116 cell growth by 50%.	[PMID: 11831887]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	<0.05 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibitory concentration required to reduce HCT 116 tumor cell growth by 50% in MTT assay Inhibitory concentration required to reduce HCT 116 tumor cell growth by 50% in MTT assay	[PMID: 12061890]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	0.9 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibitory concentration against colon HCT116 cell line Inhibitory concentration against colon HCT116 cell line	[PMID: 12593661]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	13 nM Compound: Trichostatin A	Inhibitory activity against HCT116 human colon cell growth Inhibitory activity against HCT116 human colon cell growth	[PMID: 14521422]
HCT-116	EC₅₀	1 μM Compound: 2 - TSA	Inhibitory concentration against human colon cancer HCT116 cell proliferation Inhibitory concentration against human colon cancer HCT116 cell proliferation	[PMID: 14613312]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	0.0013 μM Compound: 1	Antiproliferative activity against HCT116 cells Antiproliferative activity against HCT116 cells	[PMID: 16904890]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	0.8 μM Compound: TSA	Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells after 3 days by WST-1 assay Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells after 3 days by WST-1 assay	[PMID: 20452226]
HCT-116	IC₅₀	0.043 μM Compound: 1, TSA	Growth inhibition of human HCT116 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay Growth inhibition of human HCT116 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 21073160]
HCT-116	GI₅₀	35 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay	[PMID: 30004697]
HCT-116	GI₅₀	35 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human HCT-116 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter Glo assay Antiproliferative activity against human HCT-116 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter Glo assay	[PMID: 35797900]
HEK293	IC₅₀	34 nM Compound: 1	Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC4 expressed in 293 cells Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC4 expressed in 293 cells	[PMID: 17929798]
HEK293	IC₅₀	81 nM Compound: 1	Inhibition of mouse recombinant HDAC6 expressed in 293 cells Inhibition of mouse recombinant HDAC6 expressed in 293 cells	[PMID: 17929798]
HEK293	IC₅₀	0.16 μM Compound: 5	Cytotoxicity against human HEK293 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HEK293 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25556102]
HeLa	IC₅₀	5 nM Compound: Trichostatin A	Inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in HeLa cell nuclear extract Inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in HeLa cell nuclear extract	[PMID: 15109636]
HeLa	IC₅₀	54.5 nM Compound: 15	Inhibitory concentration against human histone deacetylase (HDAC) from HeLa cells with substrate 5a Inhibitory concentration against human histone deacetylase (HDAC) from HeLa cells with substrate 5a	[PMID: 15456267]
HeLa	IC₅₀	41 nM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of Histone deacetylase in HeLa cell nuclear extracts by fluorescence-based assay Inhibition of Histone deacetylase in HeLa cell nuclear extracts by fluorescence-based assay	[PMID: 17419603]
HeLa	IC₅₀	0.3 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of HDAC from human HeLa cells Inhibition of HDAC from human HeLa cells	[PMID: 18247554]
HeLa	IC₅₀	5 nM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of human HDAC in HeLa cells by flour de lys assay Inhibition of human HDAC in HeLa cells by flour de lys assay	[PMID: 18397827]
HeLa	IC₅₀	0.3 μM Compound: Trichostatin A	Inhibition of HDAC from human HeLa cells by fluorogenic enzyme assay Inhibition of HDAC from human HeLa cells by fluorogenic enzyme assay	[PMID: 19457659]
HeLa	IC₅₀	3 nM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of HDAC in human HeLa cell cytosolic extract after 30 mins by fluorimetric assay Inhibition of HDAC in human HeLa cell cytosolic extract after 30 mins by fluorimetric assay	[PMID: 19705846]
HeLa	IC₅₀	3 nM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of HDAC in human HeLa cell nuclear extract after 30 mins by fluorimetric assay Inhibition of HDAC in human HeLa cell nuclear extract after 30 mins by fluorimetric assay	[PMID: 19705846]
HeLa	IC₅₀	5 nM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of HDAC in human HeLa cell nuclear extracts after 15 mins by fluorescence assay Inhibition of HDAC in human HeLa cell nuclear extracts after 15 mins by fluorescence assay	[PMID: 19914074]
HeLa	IC₅₀	28.9 nM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of human HDAC in human HeLa cell nuclear extract after 15 mins by colorimetric assay Inhibition of human HDAC in human HeLa cell nuclear extract after 15 mins by colorimetric assay	[PMID: 20167479]
HeLa	IC₅₀	0.02 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of HDAC in human HeLa cell nuclear extract assessed as inhibition of histone H4 deacetylation after 15 mins by fluorescence assay Inhibition of HDAC in human HeLa cell nuclear extract assessed as inhibition of histone H4 deacetylation after 15 mins by fluorescence assay	[PMID: 20381359]
HeLa	IC₅₀	3 nM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of HDAC in human HeLa cells using Ac-Arg-Gly-Lys(Ac)-AMC as fluorescent substrate after 20 mins by fluorescence assay Inhibition of HDAC in human HeLa cells using Ac-Arg-Gly-Lys(Ac)-AMC as fluorescent substrate after 20 mins by fluorescence assay	[PMID: 21621883]
HeLa	IC₅₀	0.0011 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of HDAC2 in human HeLa cell nuclear extracts in presence of dithiothreitol by HDAC fluorescent assay Inhibition of HDAC2 in human HeLa cell nuclear extracts in presence of dithiothreitol by HDAC fluorescent assay	[PMID: 22465091]
HeLa	IC₅₀	0.11 μM Compound: TSA	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 24960627]
HeLa	IC₅₀	0.0075 μM Compound: Trichostatin A	Inhibition of HDAC in human HeLa cell extract after 15 mins by fluorescence assay Inhibition of HDAC in human HeLa cell extract after 15 mins by fluorescence assay	[PMID: 25455492]
HeLa	IC₅₀	0.85 μM Compound: 5	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25556102]
HeLa	IC₅₀	1.42 nM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of HDAC in human HeLa cell nuclear extract using BML-KI104 Fluor de Lys as substrate by fluorescence-based assay Inhibition of HDAC in human HeLa cell nuclear extract using BML-KI104 Fluor de Lys as substrate by fluorescence-based assay	[PMID: 26588603]
HeLa	EC₅₀	0.0052 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of HDAC6 in human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of tubulin deacetylation incubated for overnight by cELISA Inhibition of HDAC6 in human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of tubulin deacetylation incubated for overnight by cELISA	[PMID: 26611919]
HeLa	IC₅₀	0.09 μM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 27427973]
HeLa	IC₅₀	39 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30245394]
HeLa	IC₅₀	0.1 μM Compound: Trichostatin A	Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	10.1039/C3MD00371J
HeLa	IC₅₀	12 nM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of HDAC isolated from human HeLa cells by fluorimetric assay Inhibition of HDAC isolated from human HeLa cells by fluorimetric assay	10.1039/C4MD00211C
HepG2	EC₅₀	0.38 μM Compound: 5	Up-regulation of transcriptional activity of human CLA-1 promoter region -1055 to -62bp transfected in HepG2 cells by luciferase reporter gene assay Up-regulation of transcriptional activity of human CLA-1 promoter region -1055 to -62bp transfected in HepG2 cells by luciferase reporter gene assay	[PMID: 25556102]
HepG2	IC₅₀	0.96 μM Compound: 5	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25556102]
HepG2	IC₅₀	0.38 μM Compound: 4; TSA	Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability	[PMID: 32005414]
HL-60	IC₅₀	0.08 μM Compound: TSA	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 24960627]
HL-60	GI₅₀	0.59 μM Compound: TRICHOSTATIN A	Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human HL60 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29454918]
HL-60	IC₅₀	0.03 μM Compound: Trichostatin A	Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	10.1039/C3MD00371J
HMEC	IC₅₀	1.6 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibitory concentration required to reduce normal human epithelial cell line (HMEC), growth by 50% in MTT assay Inhibitory concentration required to reduce normal human epithelial cell line (HMEC), growth by 50% in MTT assay	[PMID: 12061890]
HMEC	IC₅₀	32 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibitory concentration against normal epithelial HMEC cell line Inhibitory concentration against normal epithelial HMEC cell line	[PMID: 12593661]
HT-1080	IC₅₀	0.08 μM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human HT1080 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human HT1080 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 27427973]
HT-29	GI₅₀	34.1 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay	[PMID: 30004697]
HT-29	IC₅₀	3.8 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells in presence of isoCA-4 after 72 hrs by MTS assay relative to control Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells in presence of isoCA-4 after 72 hrs by MTS assay relative to control	[PMID: 30004697]
HT-29	IC₅₀	55 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter Glo assay Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter Glo assay	[PMID: 35797900]
Huh-7	CC₅₀	1.587 μM Compound: GNF-Pf-1011	NOVARTIS: Cytotoxicity against human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Huh7) NOVARTIS: Cytotoxicity against human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (Huh7)	[PMID: 18579783]
Huh-7	IC₅₀	0.1 μM Compound: TSA	Cytotoxicity against human HuH7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human HuH7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 24960627]
Huh-7	IC₅₀	0.06 μM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human HuH7 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human HuH7 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 27427973]
Huh-7	IC₅₀	0.09 μM Compound: Trichostatin A	Cytotoxicity against human HuH7 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human HuH7 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	10.1039/C3MD00371J
HUVEC	IC₅₀	20 nM Compound: TSA, trichostatin A	Inhibition of HOSCN-induced tissue factor activity in HUVEC preincubated for 4 hrs assessed after 4 hrs of HOSCN challenge by one stage clotting assay Inhibition of HOSCN-induced tissue factor activity in HUVEC preincubated for 4 hrs assessed after 4 hrs of HOSCN challenge by one stage clotting assay	[PMID: 17675290]
HUVEC	IC₅₀	20 nM Compound: TSA, trichostatin A	Inhibition of IL-1-beta-induced tissue factor activity in HUVEC preincubated for 4 hrs assessed after 4 hrs of IL1-beta challenge by one stage clotting assay Inhibition of IL-1-beta-induced tissue factor activity in HUVEC preincubated for 4 hrs assessed after 4 hrs of IL1-beta challenge by one stage clotting assay	[PMID: 17675290]
HUVEC	IC₅₀	20 nM Compound: TSA, trichostatin A	Inhibition of LPS-induced tissue factor activity in HUVEC preincubated for 4 hrs assessed after 4 hrs of LPS challenge by one stage clotting assay Inhibition of LPS-induced tissue factor activity in HUVEC preincubated for 4 hrs assessed after 4 hrs of LPS challenge by one stage clotting assay	[PMID: 17675290]
HUVEC	IC₅₀	30 nM Compound: TSA, trichostatin A	Inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced tissue factor activity in HUVEC preincubated for 4 hrs assessed after 4 hrs of TNFalpha challenge by one stage clotting assay Inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced tissue factor activity in HUVEC preincubated for 4 hrs assessed after 4 hrs of TNFalpha challenge by one stage clotting assay	[PMID: 17675290]
JAM cell line	IC₅₀	0.08 μM Compound: 1a	Cytotoxicity of compound against normal human ovarian JAM cell line Cytotoxicity of compound against normal human ovarian JAM cell line	[PMID: 15163181]
Jurkat	IC₅₀	3.3 nM Compound: TSA	Tested for inhibitory concentration required to inhibit 50% of histone deacetylase (HDAC) from human T cell leukemia Jurkat cell Tested for inhibitory concentration required to inhibit 50% of histone deacetylase (HDAC) from human T cell leukemia Jurkat cell	[PMID: 11992774]
K562	IC₅₀	0.0046 μM Compound: trichostatin	Inhibitory activity against partially purified histone deacetylase of human leukemia K562 cells. Inhibitory activity against partially purified histone deacetylase of human leukemia K562 cells.	[PMID: 10425110]
K562	IC₅₀	0.41 μM Compound: TSA	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 24960627]
K562	IC₅₀	0.12 μM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 27427973]
K562	GI₅₀	262 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay	[PMID: 30004697]
K562	IC₅₀	560 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30245394]
K562	IC₅₀	260 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter Glo assay Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter Glo assay	[PMID: 35797900]
K562	IC₅₀	90 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against imatinib-resistant human K562 cells over expressing MDR1 after 72 hrs by CellTiter Glo assay Antiproliferative activity against imatinib-resistant human K562 cells over expressing MDR1 after 72 hrs by CellTiter Glo assay	[PMID: 35797900]
K562	IC₅₀	0.16 μM Compound: Trichostatin A	Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	10.1039/C3MD00371J
K-562R	GI₅₀	88 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human K562R cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay Antiproliferative activity against human K562R cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay	[PMID: 30004697]
L02	IC₅₀	0.21 μM Compound: 5	Cytotoxicity against human LO2 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human LO2 cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25556102]
MCF7	IC₅₀	0.1 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibitory concentration required to reduce MCF-7 tumor cell growth by 50% in MTT assay Inhibitory concentration required to reduce MCF-7 tumor cell growth by 50% in MTT assay	[PMID: 12061890]
MCF7	IC₅₀	10 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibitory concentration against breast MCF-7 cell line Inhibitory concentration against breast MCF-7 cell line	[PMID: 12593661]
MCF7	IC₅₀	0.02 μM Compound: 1a	Cytotoxicity of compound against normal human breast MCF-7 cell line Cytotoxicity of compound against normal human breast MCF-7 cell line	[PMID: 15163181]
MCF7	IC₅₀	1.7 μM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 22465091]
MCF7	IC₅₀	0.06 μM Compound: TSA	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 24960627]
MCF7	IC₅₀	0.07 μM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 27427973]
MCF7	GI₅₀	45 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay	[PMID: 30004697]
MCF7	IC₅₀	141 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 30245394]
MCF7	IC₅₀	20 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells	[PMID: 30245394]
MCF7	IC₅₀	0.3 μM Compound: 4; TSA	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability	[PMID: 32005414]
MCF7	IC₅₀	27.7 nM Compound: 8; TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition by SRB assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition by SRB assay	[PMID: 34826681]
MCF7	IC₅₀	54 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter Glo assay Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter Glo assay	[PMID: 35797900]
MCF7	IC₅₀	0.06 μM Compound: Trichostatin A	Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	10.1039/C3MD00371J
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	0.09 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibitory concentration required to reduce MDAmb 231 tumor cell growth by 50% in MTT assay Inhibitory concentration required to reduce MDAmb 231 tumor cell growth by 50% in MTT assay	[PMID: 12061890]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	3.5 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibitory concentration against breast MDA-MB-231 cell line Inhibitory concentration against breast MDA-MB-231 cell line	[PMID: 12593661]
MDA-MB-231	IC₅₀	91 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter Glo assay Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter Glo assay	[PMID: 35797900]
MDA-MB-435	GI₅₀	1.78 μM Compound: TRICHOSTATIN A	Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-435 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-435 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 29454918]
MDCK	IC₅₀	0.008 μM Compound: Trichostatin A	Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/Hong Kong/8/68 H3N2 infected in MDCK cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect after 3 days by CCK8 assay Antiviral activity against Influenza A virus A/Hong Kong/8/68 H3N2 infected in MDCK cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect after 3 days by CCK8 assay	10.1039/C3MD00371J
MIA PaCa-2	GI₅₀	200 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human MIAPaCa2 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay Antiproliferative activity against human MIAPaCa2 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay	[PMID: 30004697]
MIA PaCa-2	IC₅₀	0.9 μM Compound: 4; TSA	Cytotoxicity against human MIAPaCa2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability Cytotoxicity against human MIAPaCa2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability	[PMID: 32005414]
MIA PaCa-2	IC₅₀	200 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human MIA PaCa-2 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter Glo assay Antiproliferative activity against human MIA PaCa-2 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter Glo assay	[PMID: 35797900]
MKN-45	IC₅₀	0.1 μM Compound: TSA (1)	Compound was tested for antiproliferative activity against human MKN45 cancer cell lines Compound was tested for antiproliferative activity against human MKN45 cancer cell lines	[PMID: 14667227]
MKN-45	IC₅₀	0.1 μM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human MKN45 cells Antiproliferative activity against human MKN45 cells	[PMID: 18247554]
MKN-45	IC₅₀	20 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human MKN45 cells Antiproliferative activity against human MKN45 cells	[PMID: 30245394]
MM96L	IC₅₀	0.03 μM Compound: 1a	Cytotoxicity against human melanoma MM96L cell line Cytotoxicity against human melanoma MM96L cell line	[PMID: 15163181]
MM96L	IC₅₀	0.03 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of human MM96L cells Inhibition of human MM96L cells	[PMID: 18247554]
MOLT-4	IC₅₀	0.03 μM Compound: TSA	Cytotoxicity against human MOLT4 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human MOLT4 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 24960627]
MOLT-4	IC₅₀	0.02 μM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human MOLT4 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human MOLT4 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 27427973]
MOLT-4	IC₅₀	0.03 μM Compound: Trichostatin A	Cytotoxicity against human MOLT4 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human MOLT4 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	10.1039/C3MD00371J
MV4-11	EC₅₀	15.3 μM Compound: Trichostatin A	Antiproliferative activity against human MV4-11 cells assessed as cell viability by measuring amount of ATP after 72 hrs incubation by CellTiteer-Glo Cell viability assay Antiproliferative activity against human MV4-11 cells assessed as cell viability by measuring amount of ATP after 72 hrs incubation by CellTiteer-Glo Cell viability assay	[PMID: 39067437]
NCI-H1299	IC₅₀	100 nM Compound: Trichostatin A	Inhibitory activity against H1299 human lung carcinoma cell growth Inhibitory activity against H1299 human lung carcinoma cell growth	[PMID: 14521422]
NCI-H1299	IC₅₀	0.1 μM Compound: 1	Antiproliferative activity against H1299 cells Antiproliferative activity against H1299 cells	[PMID: 16904890]
NCI-H1975	IC₅₀	0.21 μM Compound: TSA	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H1975 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H1975 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 24960627]
NCI-H1975	IC₅₀	0.09 μM Compound: Trichostatin A	Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H1975 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H1975 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	10.1039/C3MD00371J
NCI-H446	IC₅₀	0.08 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibitory concentration required to reduce H446 tumor cell growth by 50% in MTT assay Inhibitory concentration required to reduce H446 tumor cell growth by 50% in MTT assay	[PMID: 12061890]
NCI-H446	IC₅₀	1.5 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibitory concentration against lung H446 cell line Inhibitory concentration against lung H446 cell line	[PMID: 12593661]
NCI-H460	IC₅₀	0.1 μM Compound: 1, TSA	Growth inhibition of human H460 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay Growth inhibition of human H460 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay	[PMID: 21073160]
NCI-H661	IC₅₀	<0.3 μM Compound: 1	Antiproliferative activity against H661 cells Antiproliferative activity against H661 cells	[PMID: 16904890]
NCI-H661	IC₅₀	0.085 μM Compound: 7, TSA	Antiproliferative activity against H661 cells after 48 hrs by XTT assay Antiproliferative activity against H661 cells after 48 hrs by XTT assay	[PMID: 17624773]
NCI-H661	IC₅₀	0.085 μM Compound: 1 (TSA)	Antiproliferative activity against H661 cells after 48 hrs Antiproliferative activity against H661 cells after 48 hrs	[PMID: 17897824]
NCI-H661	IC₅₀	0.1 μM Compound: 1, TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human NCI-H661 cells after 48 hrs by XTT assay Antiproliferative activity against human NCI-H661 cells after 48 hrs by XTT assay	[PMID: 19385600]
NCI-N87	IC₅₀	0.06 μM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human NCI-N87 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human NCI-N87 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 27427973]
NCI-N87	IC₅₀	58 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human NCI-N87 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter Glo assay Antiproliferative activity against human NCI-N87 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter Glo assay	[PMID: 35797900]
NFF	IC₅₀	0.2 μM Compound: 1a	Cytotoxicity of compound against human normal neonatal foreskin fibroblasts (NFF) cell line Cytotoxicity of compound against human normal neonatal foreskin fibroblasts (NFF) cell line	[PMID: 15163181]
NFF	IC₅₀	0.2 μM Compound: 1a	Cytotoxicity of compound against normal human normal neonatal foreskin fibroblasts (NFF) Cytotoxicity of compound against normal human normal neonatal foreskin fibroblasts (NFF)	[PMID: 15163181]
NFF	IC₅₀	6.7 μM Compound: TSA	Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human MM96L cells to IC50 for human NFF cells Selectivity index, ratio of IC50 for human MM96L cells to IC50 for human NFF cells	[PMID: 18247554]
NFF	IC₅₀	200 nM Compound: TSA	Cytotoxicity against human NFF cells Cytotoxicity against human NFF cells	[PMID: 30245402]
NIH3T3	IC₅₀	21 nM Compound: 1	Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC1 expressed in NIH3T3 cells Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC1 expressed in NIH3T3 cells	[PMID: 17929798]
NIH3T3	IC₅₀	0.006 μM Compound: Trichostatin A	Inhibition of HDAC1 in human NIH3T3 cells by radiometric histone deacetylation assay Inhibition of HDAC1 in human NIH3T3 cells by radiometric histone deacetylation assay	[PMID: 19457659]
PANC-1	IC₅₀	0.1 μM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human PANC1 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human PANC1 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 27427973]
PC-3	GI₅₀	387 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay	[PMID: 30004697]
S2	IC₅₀	0.6 nM Compound: 3, TSA	Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum HDAC1 expressed in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells Inhibition of Plasmodium falciparum HDAC1 expressed in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells	[PMID: 19317450]
Sf21	IC₅₀	6.574 nM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of full length human recombinant C-terminal FLAG-His-tagged HDAC1 (1 to 482 residues) expressed in Sf21 cells using RHK-K(Ac)-AMC as substrate incubated for 60 mins by fluorescence assay Inhibition of full length human recombinant C-terminal FLAG-His-tagged HDAC1 (1 to 482 residues) expressed in Sf21 cells using RHK-K(Ac)-AMC as substrate incubated for 60 mins by fluorescence assay	[PMID: 27060764]
Sf21	IC₅₀	6.574 x 10^-9 M Compound: TSA	Inhibition of full length human recombinant C-terminal FLAG-His-tagged HDAC1 (1 to 482 residues) expressed in Sf21 cells using RHK-K(Ac)-AMC as substrate incubated for 60 mins by fluorescence assay Inhibition of full length human recombinant C-terminal FLAG-His-tagged HDAC1 (1 to 482 residues) expressed in Sf21 cells using RHK-K(Ac)-AMC as substrate incubated for 60 mins by fluorescence assay	[PMID: 27060764]
Sf21	IC₅₀	0.032 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of recombinant full length C-terminal FLAG/His-tagged human HDAC1 (1 to 482 residues) expressed in sf21 cells using RHK-K(Ac)-AMC as substrate by fluorimetric assay Inhibition of recombinant full length C-terminal FLAG/His-tagged human HDAC1 (1 to 482 residues) expressed in sf21 cells using RHK-K(Ac)-AMC as substrate by fluorimetric assay	[PMID: 30448419]
Sf21	IC₅₀	1.58 x 10^-8 M Compound: Trichostatin A	Inhibition of recombinant full length human C-terminal FLAG/His-tagged HDAC1 (1 to 482 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected Sf21 cells using RHK-K(Ac)-AMC as substrate measured after 60 mins by fluorimetric assay Inhibition of recombinant full length human C-terminal FLAG/His-tagged HDAC1 (1 to 482 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected Sf21 cells using RHK-K(Ac)-AMC as substrate measured after 60 mins by fluorimetric assay	[PMID: 31838329]
Sf21	IC₅₀	1.58 x 10^-2 μM Compound: Trichostatin A	Inhibition of recombinant full length human C-terminal FLAG/His-tagged HDAC1 (1 to 482 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected Sf21 cells using RHK-K(Ac)-AMC as substrate measured after 60 mins by fluorimetric assay Inhibition of recombinant full length human C-terminal FLAG/His-tagged HDAC1 (1 to 482 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected Sf21 cells using RHK-K(Ac)-AMC as substrate measured after 60 mins by fluorimetric assay	[PMID: 31838329]
Sf21	IC₅₀	3.95 x 10^-8 M Compound: Trichostatin A	Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal GST-tagged HDAC2 (1 to 488 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected sf21 cells using RHK-K(Ac)-AMC as substrate after 60 mins by fluorimetry assay Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal GST-tagged HDAC2 (1 to 488 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected sf21 cells using RHK-K(Ac)-AMC as substrate after 60 mins by fluorimetry assay	[PMID: 31838329]
Sf21	IC₅₀	3.95 x 10^-2 μM Compound: Trichostatin A	Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal GST-tagged HDAC2 (1 to 488 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected sf21 cells using RHK-K(Ac)-AMC as substrate after 60 mins by fluorimetry assay Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal GST-tagged HDAC2 (1 to 488 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected sf21 cells using RHK-K(Ac)-AMC as substrate after 60 mins by fluorimetry assay	[PMID: 31838329]
Sf21	IC₅₀	17.9 nM Compound: Trichostatin A	Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal FLAG/His-tagged HDAC1 (1 to 482 residues) expressed in Sf21 insect cells by using RHK-K(Ac)-AMC as substrate measured after 60 mins by fluorescence assay Inhibition of recombinant human C-terminal FLAG/His-tagged HDAC1 (1 to 482 residues) expressed in Sf21 insect cells by using RHK-K(Ac)-AMC as substrate measured after 60 mins by fluorescence assay	[PMID: 31924504]
Sf21	IC₅₀	25 nM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of recombinant human GST-tagged HDAC2 (1 to 488 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected sf21 cells using fluorogenic peptide p53 residues 379-382 (RHKK(Ac)AMC) as substrate measured after 1 to 2 hrs by fluorescence assay Inhibition of recombinant human GST-tagged HDAC2 (1 to 488 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected sf21 cells using fluorogenic peptide p53 residues 379-382 (RHKK(Ac)AMC) as substrate measured after 1 to 2 hrs by fluorescence assay	[PMID: 32212730]
Sf21	IC₅₀	9 nM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of full length recombinant human C-terminal FLAG/His-tagged HDAC1 (1 to 482 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected Sf21 insect cells using fluorogenic peptide p53 residues 379-382 (RHKK(Ac)AMC) as substrate measured after 1 to 2 hrs by flu Inhibition of full length recombinant human C-terminal FLAG/His-tagged HDAC1 (1 to 482 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected Sf21 insect cells using fluorogenic peptide p53 residues 379-382 (RHKK(Ac)AMC) as substrate measured after 1 to 2 hrs by flu	[PMID: 32212730]
Sf9	IC₅₀	960 nM Compound: 1, TSA	Inhibition of N terminal hexahistidine-tagged human HDAC8 expressed in Sf9 cells after 1 hr by fluorescence assay Inhibition of N terminal hexahistidine-tagged human HDAC8 expressed in Sf9 cells after 1 hr by fluorescence assay	[PMID: 21723733]
Sf9	IC₅₀	1.2 nM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC6 expressed in Sf9 cells incubated for 2 hrs using RHKK-Ac fluorogenic substrate Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC6 expressed in Sf9 cells incubated for 2 hrs using RHKK-Ac fluorogenic substrate	[PMID: 23009203]
Sf9	IC₅₀	5 nM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC1 expressed in Sf9 cells incubated for 2 hrs using RHKK-Ac fluorogenic substrate Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC1 expressed in Sf9 cells incubated for 2 hrs using RHKK-Ac fluorogenic substrate	[PMID: 23009203]
Sf9	IC₅₀	0.9 nM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC6 expressed in baculovirus/sf9 cells using RHKKAc as substrate Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC6 expressed in baculovirus/sf9 cells using RHKKAc as substrate	[PMID: 23905680]
Sf9	IC₅₀	129 nM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC8 expressed in baculovirus/sf9 cells using RHKAcKAc as substrate Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC8 expressed in baculovirus/sf9 cells using RHKAcKAc as substrate	[PMID: 23905680]
Sf9	IC₅₀	17.3 nM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC11 expressed in baculovirus/sf9 cells using RHKKAc as substrate Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC11 expressed in baculovirus/sf9 cells using RHKKAc as substrate	[PMID: 23905680]
Sf9	IC₅₀	5 nM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC1 expressed in baculovirus/sf9 cells using RHKKAc as substrate Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC1 expressed in baculovirus/sf9 cells using RHKKAc as substrate	[PMID: 23905680]
Sf9	IC₅₀	5 nM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC2 expressed in baculovirus/sf9 cells using RHKKAc as substrate Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC2 expressed in baculovirus/sf9 cells using RHKKAc as substrate	[PMID: 23905680]
Sf9	IC₅₀	9 nM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC10 expressed in baculovirus/sf9 cells using RHKKAc as substrate Inhibition of human recombinant HDAC10 expressed in baculovirus/sf9 cells using RHKKAc as substrate	[PMID: 23905680]
Sf9	IC₅₀	1.716 nM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of full length human recombinant N-terminal GST-tagged HDAC6 (1 to 1215 residues) expressed in sf9 cells using RHK-K(Ac)-AMC as substrate incubated for 90 mins by fluorescence assay Inhibition of full length human recombinant N-terminal GST-tagged HDAC6 (1 to 1215 residues) expressed in sf9 cells using RHK-K(Ac)-AMC as substrate incubated for 90 mins by fluorescence assay	[PMID: 27060764]
Sf9	IC₅₀	1.716 x 10^-9 M Compound: TSA	Inhibition of full length human recombinant N-terminal GST-tagged HDAC6 (1 to 1215 residues) expressed in sf9 cells using RHK-K(Ac)-AMC as substrate incubated for 90 mins by fluorescence assay Inhibition of full length human recombinant N-terminal GST-tagged HDAC6 (1 to 1215 residues) expressed in sf9 cells using RHK-K(Ac)-AMC as substrate incubated for 90 mins by fluorescence assay	[PMID: 27060764]
Sf9	IC₅₀	15.7 nM Compound: Trichostatin A	Inhibition of human recombinant GST-tagged HDAC1 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 insect cells using MOCPAC as substrate after 4 hrs by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis Inhibition of human recombinant GST-tagged HDAC1 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 insect cells using MOCPAC as substrate after 4 hrs by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis	[PMID: 27650925]
Sf9	IC₅₀	0.002 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of recombinant N-terminal GST-tagged human HDAC6 (1 to 1215 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected sf9 insect cells using p53 (379 to 382 residues) derived fluorogenic peptide RHKKAc as substrate preincubated for 5 to 10 mins followed by s Inhibition of recombinant N-terminal GST-tagged human HDAC6 (1 to 1215 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected sf9 insect cells using p53 (379 to 382 residues) derived fluorogenic peptide RHKKAc as substrate preincubated for 5 to 10 mins followed by s	[PMID: 31414801]
Sf9	IC₅₀	0.009 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of recombinant full length C-terminal His/FLAG tagged human HDAC1 (1 to 482 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected sf9 insect cells using p53 (379 to 382 residues) derived fluorogenic peptide RHKKAc as substrate preincubated for 5 to 10 mi Inhibition of recombinant full length C-terminal His/FLAG tagged human HDAC1 (1 to 482 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected sf9 insect cells using p53 (379 to 382 residues) derived fluorogenic peptide RHKKAc as substrate preincubated for 5 to 10 mi	[PMID: 31414801]
Sf9	IC₅₀	>1 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of recombinant full length human HDAC4 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells using FAM-RHKK-TFAc as substrate incubated for 1.5 hrs by electrophoretic mobility shift assay Inhibition of recombinant full length human HDAC4 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells using FAM-RHKK-TFAc as substrate incubated for 1.5 hrs by electrophoretic mobility shift assay	[PMID: 31938464]
Sf9	IC₅₀	>1 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of recombinant human HDAC9 (604-1066 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells using FAM-RHKK-TFAc as substrate incubated for 3 hrs by electrophoretic mobility shift assay Inhibition of recombinant human HDAC9 (604-1066 residues) expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells using FAM-RHKK-TFAc as substrate incubated for 3 hrs by electrophoretic mobility shift assay	[PMID: 31938464]
Sf9	IC₅₀	0.00161 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of recombinant full length human HDAC10 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells using FAM-RHKK-Ac as substrate incubated for 17 hrs by electrophoretic mobility shift assay Inhibition of recombinant full length human HDAC10 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells using FAM-RHKK-Ac as substrate incubated for 17 hrs by electrophoretic mobility shift assay	[PMID: 31938464]
Sf9	IC₅₀	0.00274 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of recombinant full length human HDAC2 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells using FAM-RHKK-Ac as substrate incubated for 17 hrs by electrophoretic mobility shift assay Inhibition of recombinant full length human HDAC2 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells using FAM-RHKK-Ac as substrate incubated for 17 hrs by electrophoretic mobility shift assay	[PMID: 31938464]
Sf9	IC₅₀	0.482 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of recombinant full length human HDAC7 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells using FAM-RHKK-TFAc as substrate incubated for 3 hrs by electrophoretic mobility shift assay Inhibition of recombinant full length human HDAC7 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells using FAM-RHKK-TFAc as substrate incubated for 3 hrs by electrophoretic mobility shift assay	[PMID: 31938464]
Sf9	IC₅₀	0.776 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of recombinant full length human HDAC5 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells using FAM-RHKK-TFAc as substrate incubated for 3 hrs by electrophoretic mobility shift assay Inhibition of recombinant full length human HDAC5 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells using FAM-RHKK-TFAc as substrate incubated for 3 hrs by electrophoretic mobility shift assay	[PMID: 31938464]
Sf9	IC₅₀	0.68 nM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of recombinant full length human HDAC1 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells using FAM-RHKK-Ac as substrate incubated for 17 hrs by electrophoretic mobility shift assay Inhibition of recombinant full length human HDAC1 expressed in baculovirus infected Sf9 cells using FAM-RHKK-Ac as substrate incubated for 17 hrs by electrophoretic mobility shift assay	[PMID: 31938464]
SGC-7901	IC₅₀	0.03 μM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human SGC7901 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human SGC7901 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 27427973]
SH-SY5Y	IC₅₀	18.8 nM Compound: Trichostatin A	Inhibition of HDAC1 in human SHSY5Y cells using MOCPAC as substrate after 8 hrs by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis Inhibition of HDAC1 in human SHSY5Y cells using MOCPAC as substrate after 8 hrs by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis	[PMID: 27650925]
SH-SY5Y	IC₅₀	7.8 nM Compound: Trichostatin A	Inhibition of HDAC6 in human SHSY5Y cells using BATCP as substrate after 8 hrs by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis Inhibition of HDAC6 in human SHSY5Y cells using BATCP as substrate after 8 hrs by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis	[PMID: 27650925]
SH-SY5Y	IC₅₀	9.1 nM Compound: Trichostatin A	Inhibition of HDAC in human SHSY5Y cells using MAL as substrate after 8 hrs by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis Inhibition of HDAC in human SHSY5Y cells using MAL as substrate after 8 hrs by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis	[PMID: 27650925]
SK-BR-3	IC₅₀	0.02 μM Compound: TSA (1)	Compound was tested for antiproliferative activity against human SK-BR-3 cancer cell lines Compound was tested for antiproliferative activity against human SK-BR-3 cancer cell lines	[PMID: 14667227]
SK-BR-3	IC₅₀	0.02 μM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human SKBR3 cells Antiproliferative activity against human SKBR3 cells	[PMID: 18247554]
SK-BR-3	IC₅₀	0.05 μM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human SK-BR-3 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human SK-BR-3 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 27427973]
SK-BR-3	IC₅₀	20 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human SKBR3 cells Antiproliferative activity against human SKBR3 cells	[PMID: 30245394]
SK-MEL-28	IC₅₀	0.28 μM Compound: 1a	Cytotoxicity of compound against normal human melanoma SK-MEL-28 cell line Cytotoxicity of compound against normal human melanoma SK-MEL-28 cell line	[PMID: 15163181]
SK-OV-3	IC₅₀	100 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human SK-OV-3 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter Glo assay Antiproliferative activity against human SK-OV-3 cells after 72 hrs by CellTiter Glo assay	[PMID: 35797900]
SNU-16	IC₅₀	53.29 nM Compound: TSA (1)	Inhibitory activity against Histone deacetylase (HDAC) from SNU-16 (human gastric adenocarcinoma) cells Inhibitory activity against Histone deacetylase (HDAC) from SNU-16 (human gastric adenocarcinoma) cells	[PMID: 14667227]
SNU-16	IC₅₀	53 nM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of HDAC from human SNU16 cells Inhibition of HDAC from human SNU16 cells	[PMID: 18247554]
SQ20B	IC₅₀	0.2 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibition of human SQ20B cells Inhibition of human SQ20B cells	[PMID: 18247554]
SW48	IC₅₀	0.1 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibitory concentration required to reduce SW48 tumor cell growth by 50% in MTT assay Inhibitory concentration required to reduce SW48 tumor cell growth by 50% in MTT assay	[PMID: 12061890]
SW48	IC₅₀	5 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibitory concentration against colon SW48 cell line Inhibitory concentration against colon SW48 cell line	[PMID: 12593661]
SW-620	IC₅₀	2.454 μM Compound: 11; TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human SW620 cells Antiproliferative activity against human SW620 cells	[PMID: 38142509]
T-24	IC₅₀	0.15 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibitory concentration required to reduce T24 tumor cell growth by 50% in MTT assay Inhibitory concentration required to reduce T24 tumor cell growth by 50% in MTT assay	[PMID: 12061890]
T-24	IC₅₀	4 μM Compound: TSA	Inhibitory concentration against bladder T24 cell line Inhibitory concentration against bladder T24 cell line	[PMID: 12593661]
T-24	EC₅₀	0.01 μM Compound: TSA	Induction of alpha tubulin acetylation in human T24 cells Induction of alpha tubulin acetylation in human T24 cells	[PMID: 19111466]
T-24	EC₅₀	0.01 μM Compound: TSA	Induction of histone H3 acetylation in human T24 cells Induction of histone H3 acetylation in human T24 cells	[PMID: 19111466]
T47D	IC₅₀	26.4 nM Compound: 8; TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human T47D cells assessed as cell growth inhibition by burton method Antiproliferative activity against human T47D cells assessed as cell growth inhibition by burton method	[PMID: 34826681]
U-251	IC₅₀	611.2 nM Compound: 2	Inhibition of SAP130 in VEGF-stimulated human U251 cells by PLAP reporter gene assay Inhibition of SAP130 in VEGF-stimulated human U251 cells by PLAP reporter gene assay	[PMID: 17643112]
U2OS	IC₅₀	14.93 μM Compound: 5	Cytotoxicity against human U2OS cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay Cytotoxicity against human U2OS cells after 96 hrs by MTT assay	[PMID: 25556102]
U-87MG ATCC	GI₅₀	1038 nM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human U87 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay Antiproliferative activity against human U87 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay	[PMID: 30004697]
U-937	IC₅₀	0.1 μM Compound: TSA	Cytotoxicity against human U937 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human U937 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 24960627]
U-937	IC₅₀	0.04 μM Compound: TSA	Antiproliferative activity against human U937 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Antiproliferative activity against human U937 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	[PMID: 27427973]
U-937	IC₅₀	0.05 μM Compound: Trichostatin A	Cytotoxicity against human U937 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay Cytotoxicity against human U937 cells assessed as cell viability after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay	10.1039/C3MD00371J
Vero	IC₅₀	41.2 ng/mL Compound: TSA	Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum D6 infected in African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) Vero cells assessed as parasite LDH activity after 72 hrs by Malstat reagent method Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum D6 infected in African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) Vero cells assessed as parasite LDH activity after 72 hrs by Malstat reagent method	[PMID: 19914074]
Vero	IC₅₀	49.5 ng/mL Compound: TSA	Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum W2 infected in African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) Vero cells assessed as parasite LDH activity after 72 hrs by Malstat reagent method Antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum W2 infected in African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) Vero cells assessed as parasite LDH activity after 72 hrs by Malstat reagent method	[PMID: 19914074]
Vero	IC₅₀	95 ng/mL Compound: TSA	Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 1 to 2 days by neutral red assay Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 1 to 2 days by neutral red assay	[PMID: 19914074]
Vero	IC₅₀	0.6 μM Compound: Trichostatin A	Antiviral activity against EV71 infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect after 72 to 96 hrs by CCK8 assay Antiviral activity against EV71 infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in virus-induced cytopathic effect after 72 to 96 hrs by CCK8 assay	10.1039/C3MD00371J
WiDr	IC₅₀	577.6 nM Compound: 2	Inhibition of SAP130 mediated cell growth in human WiDr cells Inhibition of SAP130 mediated cell growth in human WiDr cells	[PMID: 17643112]

In Vitro

Trichostatin A is a potent and specific inhibitor of HDAC class I/II, with an IC₅₀ value of 1.8 nM for HDAC. Trichostatin A (TSA) inhibits proliferation of eight breast carcinoma cell lines with mean±SD IC₅₀ of 124.4±120.4 nM (range, 26.4-308.1 nM). HDAC inhibitory activity of Trichostatin A is similar in all cell lines with mean IC₅₀ of 2.4±0.5 nM (range, 1.5-2.9 nM)^[1]. Trichostatin A (330 nM) increases Gαs protein expression in human myometrial cells, but does not increase Gαs mRNA levels^[2]. Trichostatin A (20-75 nM) induces minimal cytotoxicity to adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), and enhances the osteogenic differentiation capacity of ADSCs^[3]. In addition, Trichostatin A (0, 10, 100, 500 nM) dose-dependently decreases HDAC class I/II activity^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Trichostatin A (500 μg/kg, s.c.) pronounces antitumor activity without causing any measurable toxicity in doses of up to 5 mg/kg by s.c. injection, in randomized controlled efficacy studies using the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea carcinogen-induced rat mammary carcinoma model^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 58880-19-6
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 302.37
Formula C₁₇H₂₂N₂O₃
Color White to light yellow
SMILES

CN(C1=CC=C(C=C1)C([C@@H](/C=C(/C=C/C(NO)=O)C)C)=O)C
Synonyms

TSA
Structure Classification
- Ketones, Aldehydes, Acids
Initial Source
- Endogenous metabolite
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	2 years
	-20°C	1 year

Publications (186)

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Journal Impact Factor

Signal Transduct Target Ther

Gut dysbiosis conveys psychological stress to activate LRP5/β-catenin pathway promoting cancer stemness. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 5;10(1):79. PMID: 40038255
Nat Biotechnol

CRISPR live-cell imaging reveals chromatin dynamics and enhancer interactions at multiple non-repetitive loci. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 6. PMID: 41199023
Cell Metab

Gut microbial metabolites facilitate anticancer therapy efficacy by modulating cytotoxic CD8+ T cell immunity. [Abstract]

2021 May 4;33(5):988-1000.e7. PMID: 33761313
Nat Immunol

Ammonia detoxification promotes CD8+ T cell memory development by urea and citrulline cycles. [Abstract]

2023 Jan;24(1):162-173. PMID: 36471170

Trichostatin A purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Immunol. 2023 Jan;24(1):162-173. [Abstract]

A485 (10 μM; 24 h) leads to the downregulation of H3K9bhb and CPS1 in BHB-treated CD8⁺ T_M cells; however, the use of 3-TYP (10 μM; 24 h) or Trichostatin A (TSA; 5 nM; 24 h) result in the increase of H3K9bhb and CPS1.
Nat Biomed Eng

TLR7/8-agonist-loaded nanoparticles promote the polarization of tumour-associated macrophages to enhance cancer immunotherapy. [Abstract]

2018 Aug;2(8):578-588. PMID: 31015631
Mil Med Res

Propionate and butyrate attenuate macrophage pyroptosis and osteoclastogenesis induced by CoCrMo alloy particles. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 23;9(1):46. PMID: 35996168
Cell Stem Cell

An inducible model of human post-implantation development derived from primed and naive stem cells. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 2;32(10):1509-1527.e9. PMID: 40885193
Cell Host Microbe

Enterococcus faecalis-derived lactic acid suppresses macrophage activation to facilitate persistent and polymicrobial wound infections. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 11;34(2):245-262.e8. PMID: 41605216
Cancer Res

Evasion of Innate Immunity Contributes to Small Cell Lung Cancer Progression and Metastasis. [Abstract]

2021 Apr 1;81(7):1813-1826. PMID: 33495232

Trichostatin A purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Res. 2021 Apr 1;81(7):1813-1826. [Abstract]

Trichostatin A (TSA) (1 μM, 48 h) increases MICA/B mRNA levels in SCLC cell lines H510 and H69.
Circ Res

Modulating Lysine Crotonylation in Cardiomyocytes Improves Myocardial Outcomes. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 19;131(5):456-472. PMID: 35920168
Nat Commun

G9a-mediated H3K9me2 orchestrates intestinal epithelial regeneration through epigenetic silencing of cell cycle-related genes. [Abstract]

2026 Jan 19;17(1):1874. PMID: 41554751
Nat Commun

A glucose-enriched lung pre-metastatic niche triggered by matrix stiffness-tuned exosomal miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 18;16(1):1736. PMID: 39966385

Trichostatin A purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2025 Feb 18;16(1):1736. [Abstract]

Trichostatin A (TSA) (0.5 µM, 12 h) rescues the let-7d-5p overexpression-induced decrease in E2F1 acetylation and restores the expression of target proteins GLUT1, PFKP, and HK2 in pulmonary fibroblasts.
Nat Commun

Integration of multi-omics data accelerates molecular analysis of common wheat traits. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 5;16(1):2200. PMID: 40038279
Nat Commun

PhpCNF-Y transcription factor infiltrates heterochromatin to generate cryptic intron-containing transcripts crucial for small RNA production. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 2;16(1):268. PMID: 39747188
Nat Commun

METTL3 acetylation impedes cancer metastasis via fine-tuning its nuclear and cytosolic functions. [Abstract]

2022 Oct 26;13(1):6350. PMID: 36289222
Nat Commun

N6-methyladenosine regulated FGFR4 attenuates ferroptotic cell death in recalcitrant HER2-positive breast cancer. [Abstract]

2022 May 13;13(1):2672. PMID: 35562334
Nat Commun

Isonicotinylation is a histone mark induced by the anti-tuberculosis first-line drug isoniazid. [Abstract]

2021 Sep 20;12(1):5548. PMID: 34545082

Trichostatin A purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Commun. 2021 Sep 20;12(1):5548. [Abstract]

Trichostatin A (TSA) (3 μM, 12 h) increases histone isonicotinylation levels in HepG2 cells.
Nat Commun

mTORC1 activity regulates post-translational modifications of glycine decarboxylase to modulate glycine metabolism and tumorigenesis. [Abstract]

2021 Jul 9;12(1):4227. PMID: 34244482
Nat Commun

Acquired cancer cell resistance to T cell bispecific antibodies and CAR T targeting HER2 through JAK2 down-modulation. [Abstract]

2021 Feb 23;12(1):1237. PMID: 33623012
Cell Death Differ

Loss of SMURF2 expression enhances RACK1 stability and promotes ovarian cancer progression. [Abstract]

2023 Nov;30(11):2382-2392. PMID: 37828084

Trichostatin A purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Differ. 2023 Nov;30(11):2382-2392. [Abstract]

Trichostatin A (TSA) (0.2 μM, 4 h) increases RACK1 acetylation levels in OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells when combined with Nicotinamide (NAM) (HY-B0150) (10 mM, 4 h).
Cell Death Differ

NKAP acts with HDAC3 to prevent R-loop associated genome instability. [Abstract]

2023 Jul;30(7):1811-1828. PMID: 37322264
Acta Pharm Sin B

CRTAC1 derived from senescent FLSs induces chondrocyte mitochondrial dysfunction via modulating NRF2/SIRT3 axis in osteoarthritis progression. [Abstract]

2025 Nov;15(11):5803-5816. PMID: 41311393
Acta Pharm Sin B

Histone deacetylase inhibitors inhibit cervical cancer growth through Parkin acetylation-mediated mitophagy. [Abstract]

2022 Feb;12(2):838-852. PMID: 35256949

Trichostatin A purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Acta Pharm Sin B. 2022 Feb;12(2):838-852. [Abstract]

Trichostatin A (TSA) (1 μM, 12 h) significantly increases Parkin acetylation levels in HEK293 cells.HEK293 cells were transiently transfected with Flag-Parkin and then treated with 1 μmol/L TSA for 12 h. Cells were lysed and subjected to FLAG immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblotting for acetyl-lysine.
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Morphine Tolerance Gated through EZH2-Mediated Suppression of Trpc5 in Spinal GABAergic Interneurons in Male Mice. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 20:e07908. PMID: 41111460
Adv Sci (Weinh)

HDAC2-Mediated METTL3 Delactylation Promotes DNA Damage Repair and Chemotherapy Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Apr;12(14):e2413121. PMID: 39950833

Trichostatin A purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Apr;12(14):e2413121. [Abstract]

Trichostatin A (TSA) (1 µM, 6 h) increases the lactylation modification of METTL3 in HEK293T cells transfected with the indicated constructs.
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Lactylation of HDAC1 Confers Resistance to Ferroptosis in Colorectal Cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Jan 31:e2408845. PMID: 39888307

Trichostatin A purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2025 Jan 31:e2408845. [Abstract]

Trichostatin A (TSA) (0.1 µM, 24 h) significantly reduces the expression of FSP1 in CRC cells.
Adv Sci (Weinh)

SNORA28 Promotes Proliferation and Radioresistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells through the STAT3 Pathway by Increasing H3K9 Acetylation in the LIFR Promoter. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 26:e2405332. PMID: 38924373

Trichostatin A purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Jun 26:e2405332. [Abstract]

Trichostatin A (TSA) (500 nM, 12 h) significantly enhances SNORA28-mediated upregulation of LIFR mRNA and protein levels in CRC cells with stable SNORA28 overexpression.
Adv Sci (Weinh)

TNF-α-Induced KAT2A Impedes BMMSC Quiescence by Mediating Succinylation of the Mitophagy-Related Protein VCP. [Abstract]

2024 Mar;11(10):e2303388. PMID: 38145956
Adv Sci (Weinh)

Protein-Nanocaged Selenium Induces t(8;21) Leukemia Cell Differentiation via Epigenetic Regulation. [Abstract]

2023 Dec;10(35):e2300698. PMID: 37888866

Trichostatin A purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023 Dec;10(35):e2300698. [Abstract]

Trichostatin A (TSA) (2.5-10 µM, 24 h) reduces the level of AML1‐ETO protein in Kasumi-1 cells.
Theranostics

EBV(LMP1)-induced metabolic reprogramming inhibits necroptosis through the hypermethylation of the RIP3 promoter. [Abstract]

2019 Apr 13;9(9):2424-2438. PMID: 31131045

Trichostatin A purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Theranostics. 2019 Apr 13;9(9):2424-2438. [Abstract]

Trichostatin A (TSA) (5 μM, 16 h) increases endogenous FH acetylation in cell.
Nucleic Acids Res

The regulation of acetylation and stability of HMGA2 via the HBXIP-activated Akt-PCAF pathway in promotion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma growth. [Abstract]

2020 May 21;48(9):4858-4876. PMID: 32313942
J Adv Res

SIRT7 facilitates ferroptosis resistance of melanocytes via activating the SMAD3-ATF3-GPX4 signaling pathway in vitiligo. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 12:S2090-1232(25)00545-4. PMID: 40659088
J Exp Clin Cancer Res

Unveiling the role of HP1α-HDAC1-STAT1 axis as a therapeutic target for HP1α-positive intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. [Abstract]

2024 May 30;43(1):152. PMID: 38812060
J Exp Clin Cancer Res

KLF14 regulates the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via its modulation of iron homeostasis through the repression of iron-responsive element-binding protein 2. [Abstract]

2023 Jan 5;42(1):5. PMID: 36600258
J Exp Clin Cancer Res

HDAC6 involves in regulating the lncRNA-microRNA-mRNA network to promote the proliferation of glioblastoma cells. [Abstract]

2022 Feb 2;41(1):47. PMID: 35109908
Microbiome

Core-predominant gut fungus Kazachstania slooffiae promotes intestinal epithelial glycolysis via lysine desuccinylation in pigs. [Abstract]

2023 Feb 23;11(1):31. PMID: 36814349
J Nanobiotechnology

The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate alleviates CoCrMo alloy particles induced osteolysis by regulating NLRP3 inflammasome and osteoclast differentiation. [Abstract]

2022 Mar 9;20(1):120. PMID: 35264201
Kidney Int

Klotho restoration via acetylation of Peroxisome Proliferation-Activated Receptor γ reduces the progression of chronic kidney disease. [Abstract]

2017 Sep;92(3):669-679. PMID: 28416226

Trichostatin A purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Kidney Int. 2017 Sep;92(3):669-679. [Abstract]

PPARγ lysine 240 and 265 are essential for PPARγ acetylation-associated Klotho derepression. Cellular PPARγ acetylation assay. Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) or human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK2) cells are treated with trichostatin A (TSA) (100 ng/mL) for 4 hours then subjected to immunoprecipitation with anti-PPARγ antibody. Acetylated PPARγ is detected with a pan anti-acetyl-lysine (ac-K) antibody by Western blotting (WB). The cell lysates are also assayed for total PPARg, Klot

Trichostatin A purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Kidney Int. 2017 Sep;92(3):669-679. [Abstract]

Trichostatin A (TSA) (100 ng/mL, 4 h) enhances the binding of PPARγ and acetylated histone 3 (H3) to PPRE1 in HK2 cells, but does not increase binding to PPRE2 or to promoter regions lacking PPRE (PPREn).
Sci Adv

Local soft niches in mechanically heterogeneous primary tumors promote brain metastasis via mechanotransduction-mediated HDAC3 activity. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 28;11(9):eadq2881. PMID: 40009679
Cell Discov

Targeting SNRNP200-induced splicing dysregulation offers an immunotherapy opportunity for glycolytic triple-negative breast cancer. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 17;10(1):96. PMID: 39285160

Trichostatin A purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Discov. 2024 Sep 17;10(1):96. [Abstract]

Trichostatin A (TSA) (10 μM, 16 h) increases SNRNP200 protein levels in BT-549 cells.
J Hazard Mater

Maternal exposure to dibutyl phthalate regulates MSH6 crotonylation to impair homologous recombination in fetal oocytes. [Abstract]

2023 Aug 5:455:131540. PMID: 37167869
EBioMedicine

Ketogenesis acts as an endogenous protective programme to restrain inflammatory macrophage activation during acute pancreatitis. [Abstract]

2022 Apr;78:103959. PMID: 35339899
Pharmacol Res

Enhancing PPARγ by HDAC inhibition reduces foam cell formation and atherosclerosis in ApoE deficient mice. [Abstract]

2020 Oct;160:105059. PMID: 32621955
Cancer Lett

Acetylation-dependent deubiquitinase USP26 stabilizes BAG3 to promote breast cancer progression. [Abstract]

2024 Jun 14:597:217005. PMID: 38880224
Cancer Lett

High-content drug screening in zebrafish xenografts reveals high efficacy of dual MCL-1/BCL-XL inhibition against Ewing sarcoma. [Abstract]

2023 Feb 1:554:216028. PMID: 36462556
Cancer Lett

Coupling HDAC4 with transcriptional factor MEF2D abrogates SPRY4-mediated suppression of ERK activation and elicits hepatocellular carcinoma drug resistance. [Abstract]

2021 Nov 1:520:243-254. PMID: 34339801
Int J Biol Sci

DNA Polymerase Gamma Acetylation Governs Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Vascular Cell Senescence. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 4;22(5):2435-2451. PMID: 41800262
Int J Biol Sci

Nuclear Softness Promotes the Metastatic Potential of Large-Nucleated Colorectal Cancer Cells via the ErbB4-Akt1-Lamin A/C Signaling Pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Apr 29;20(7):2748-2762. PMID: 38725859
Int J Biol Sci

In silico structure-based discovery of a SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor. [Abstract]

2021 Apr 10;17(6):1555-1564. PMID: 33907519
Food Chem

Effects of acetylation on dissociation and phosphorylation of actomyosin in postmortem ovine muscle during incubation at 4 °C in vitro. [Abstract]

2021 Sep 15:356:129696. PMID: 33838605
Cell Death Dis

Histone lactylation enhances GCLC expression and thus promotes chemoresistance of colorectal cancer stem cells through inhibiting ferroptosis. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 20;16(1):193. PMID: 40113760
Cell Death Dis

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 protects against neuronal injury and memory loss in mouse models of diabetes. [Abstract]

2023 Nov 7;14(11):722. PMID: 37935660
Cell Death Dis

Tumor-suppressive function of EZH2 is through inhibiting glutaminase. [Abstract]

2021 Oct 20;12(11):975. PMID: 34671029
Cell Death Dis

IL-4 inhibits regulatory T cells differentiation by HDAC9-mediated epigenetic regulation. [Abstract]

2021 May 18;12(6):501. PMID: 34006836
Cell Death Dis

METTL14-regulated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway via PTEN affects HDAC5-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal tubular cells in diabetic kidney disease. [Abstract]

2021 Jan 4;12(1):32. PMID: 33414476
Cell Death Dis

Interaction of the primordial germ cell-specific protein C2EIP with PTCH2 directs differentiation of embryonic stem cells via HH signaling activation. [Abstract]

2018 Apr 27;9(5):497. PMID: 29703892
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

Overexpression screens identify conserved dosage chromosome instability genes in yeast and human cancer. [Abstract]

2016 Sep 6;113(36):9967-76. PMID: 27551064

Trichostatin A purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Sep 6;113(36):9967-76. [Abstract]

SDL screens for TDP1 and validation pipeline. Acetylation levels after treatment with TSA in RMS (RH30) cells.
Int J Biol Macromol

Histone acetylation activated-IGF2BP3 regulates cyclin D1 mRNA stability to drive cell cycle transition and tumor progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 May;306(Pt 3):141678. PMID: 40037458
Int J Biol Macromol

Autophagy promotes replication of Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus in insect cells. [Abstract]

2024 Oct;277(Pt 4):134325. PMID: 39089561
Acta Pharmacol Sin

The modulation of PD-L1 induced by the oncogenic HBXIP for breast cancer growth. [Abstract]

2022 Feb;43(2):429-445. PMID: 33824459
Phytomedicine

Diosgenin exerts dual impacts on Th17 cell differentiation in adjuvant-induced arthritis rats by impairing SIRT1-mediated deacetylation. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 15:148:157384. PMID: 41101071
EMBO J

Acetylation of TIR domains in the TLR4-Mal-MyD88 complex regulates immune responses in sepsis. [Abstract]

2024 Nov;43(21):4954-4983. PMID: 39294473
Phytomedicine

Dioscin decreases M2 polarization via inhibiting a positive feedback loop between RBM47 and NF-κB in glioma. [Abstract]

2024 Jun:128:155417. PMID: 38518642
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces

Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Bioinformatics, Microneedle, and Diabetic Wound Healing: A "New Deal" of an Old Drug. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 24;14(33):37396-37409. PMID: 35913266
Sci Total Environ

Histone hypoacetylation contributes to neurotoxicity induced by chronic nickel exposure in vivo and in vitro. [Abstract]

2021 Aug 20:783:147014. PMID: 34088129
J Transl Med

Truncated APC impairs innate immune response by targeting MAVS on mitochondria in colorectal cancer. [Abstract]

2025 Nov 10;23(1):1252. PMID: 41214683
Arch Pharm Res

Pharmacological targeting of HDAC/BET pathway enhances 5-FU efficacy in esophageal squamous cancer cells. [Abstract]

2025 Dec;48(11-12):1362-1381. PMID: 41258372
Biomed Pharmacother

SIRT7 protects against liver fibrosis by suppressing stellate cell activation via TGF-β/SMAD2/3 pathway. [Abstract]

2024 Nov:180:117477. PMID: 39316972
Biomed Pharmacother

Histone deacetylase inhibitors enhance oncolytic herpes simplex virus therapy for malignant meningioma. [Abstract]

2022 Nov:155:113843. PMID: 36271587
Biomed Pharmacother

Trichostatin A increases BDNF protein expression by improving XBP-1s/ATF6/GRP78 axis in Schwann cells of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. [Abstract]

2021 Jan;133:111062. PMID: 33378965
Oncogene

USP33 facilitates the ovarian cancer progression via deubiquitinating and stabilizing CBX2. [Abstract]

2024 Oct;43(43):3170-3183. PMID: 39256572
Oncogene

Stabilization of FASN by ACAT1-mediated GNPAT acetylation promotes lipid metabolism and hepatocarcinogenesis. [Abstract]

2020 Mar;39(11):2437-2449. PMID: 31974474
PLoS Biol

Noncanonical contribution of microglial transcription factor NR4A1 to post-stroke recovery through TNF mRNA destabilization. [Abstract]

2023 Jul 24;21(7):e3002199. PMID: 37486903
Cell Death Discov

Acetylation stabilizes stathmin1 and promotes its activity contributing to gallbladder cancer metastasis. [Abstract]

2022 May 17;8(1):265. PMID: 35581193
Cell Death Discov

P300/HDAC1 regulates the acetylation/deacetylation and autophagic activities of LC3/Atg8-PE ubiquitin-like system. [Abstract]

2021 May 31;7(1):128. PMID: 34059632
Cell Rep

Decrypting lysine deacetylase inhibitor action and protein modifications by dose-resolved proteomics. [Abstract]

2024 May 24;43(6):114272. PMID: 38795348
Cell Rep

Lipid accumulation-mediated histone hypoacetylation drives persistent NK cell dysfunction in anti-tumor immunity. [Abstract]

2023 Oct 3;42(10):113211. PMID: 37792534
Cell Rep

Depletion of CUL4B in macrophages ameliorates diabetic kidney disease via miR-194-5p/ITGA9 axis. [Abstract]

2023 May 23;42(6):112550. PMID: 37224018
Oncoimmunology

Leptin decreases Th17/Treg ratio to facilitate neuroblastoma via inhibiting long-chain fatty acid catabolism in tumor cells. [Abstract]

2025 Dec;14(1):2460281. PMID: 39902867
Cell Mol Life Sci

β-Hydroxybutyrate enhances malate dehydrogenase 2 β-hydroxybutyrylation to alleviate hepatic steatosis in MASLD. [Abstract]

2025 Oct 24;82(1):361. PMID: 41134319
EMBO Rep

PCAF-mediated acetylation regulates RAD51 dynamic localization on chromatin during HR repair. [Abstract]

2025 Aug;26(16):4100-4123. PMID: 40664718
Cell Mol Life Sci

Loss of NgBR causes neuronal damage through decreasing KAT7-mediated RFX1 acetylation and FGF1 expression. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 7;82(1):140. PMID: 40192836
EMBO Rep

GAPDH facilitates homologous recombination repair by stabilizing RAD51 in an HDAC1-dependent manner. [Abstract]

2023 Aug 3;24(8):e56437. PMID: 37306047
J Agric Food Chem

Antimicrobial Peptide BCp12 Inhibits Staphylococcus aureus Growth by Altering Lysine Malonylation Levels in the Arginine Synthesis Pathway. [Abstract]

2022 Jan 12;70(1):403-414. PMID: 34942069
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Comparative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis reveals differential heat response mechanism in two congeneric oyster species. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 15:263:115197. PMID: 37451098
Hum Reprod

Posttranslational lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation of human sperm tail proteins affects motility. [Abstract]

2020 Mar 27;35(3):494-503. PMID: 32142584
Mol Ther Nucleic Acids

Menin Coordinates C/EBPβ-Mediated TGF-β Signaling for Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Growth Inhibition in Pancreatic Cancer. [Abstract]

2019 Dec 6;18:155-165. PMID: 31546150
Cancer Cell Int

Construction of a prognostic model with histone modification-related genes and identification of potential drugs in pancreatic cancer. [Abstract]

2021 Jun 5;21(1):291. PMID: 34090418
Cancer Cell Int

Enhanced osteopontin splicing regulated by RUNX2 is HDAC-dependent and induces invasive phenotypes in NSCLC cells. [Abstract]

2019 Nov 21;19:306. PMID: 31832019
Eur J Med Chem

Novel PHD2/HDACs hybrid inhibitors protect against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. [Abstract]

2022 Feb 15:230:114115. PMID: 35033824
Int J Mol Med

Suppression of HDAC2 by sodium butyrate alleviates apoptosis of kidney cells in db/db mice and HG‑induced NRK‑52E cells. [Abstract]

2020 Jan;45(1):210-222. PMID: 31746362
Plant Physiol Biochem

Phosphorylation of 399S at CsHsp70 of Cymbidium sinense is essential to maintain chlorophyll stability. [Abstract]

2024 May 6:211:108518. PMID: 38744085
Mol Cell Proteomics

In-depth Profiling and Quantification of the Lysine Acetylome in Hepatocellular Carcinoma with a Trapped Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometer. [Abstract]

2022 Aug;21(8):100255. PMID: 35688384
Virulence

The inhibitory and anti-inflammatory effects of TMP269 on peste des petits ruminants virus replication. [Abstract]

2025 Dec;16(1):2495838. PMID: 40275702
J Ethnopharmacol

The activation of histone deacetylases 4 prevented endothelial dysfunction: A crucial mechanism of HuangqiGuizhiWuwu Decoction in improving microcirculation dysfunction in diabetes. [Abstract]

2023 May 10:307:116240. PMID: 36764560
Cells

HDAC1-Mediated lncRNA Stimulatory Factor of Follicular Development to Inhibit the Apoptosis of Granulosa Cells and Regulate Sexual Maturity through miR-202-3p- COX1 Axis. [Abstract]

2023 Nov 29;12(23):2734. PMID: 38067162
Cancer Immunol Immunother

HDAC1-3 inhibition triggers NEDD4-mediated CCR2 downregulation and attenuates immunosuppression in myeloid-derived suppressor cells. [Abstract]

2025 Feb 1;74(3):81. PMID: 39891718
Nutrients

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Histone hyperacetylation mediates enhanced IL-1β production in LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated macrophages. [Abstract]

2020 Jun;160(2):183-197. PMID: 32061096
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Baculovirus enhances arginine uptake and induces mitochondrial autophagy to promote viral proliferation. [Abstract]

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2023 Aug 31;24(17):13497. PMID: 37686305
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Treatment of Status Epilepticus after Traumatic Brain Injury Using an Antiseizure Drug Combined with a Tissue Recovery Enhancer Revealed by Systems Biology. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 13;24(18):14049. PMID: 37762352
Int J Mol Sci

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2022 Apr 2;23(7):3980. PMID: 35409339
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Traditional Chinese Medication Tongxinluo Attenuates Lipidosis in Ox-LDL-Stimulated Macrophages by Enhancing Beclin-1-Induced Autophagy. [Abstract]

2021 Jun 25:12:673366. PMID: 34248627
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VOPP1, a determinant of the sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells to NAE inhibitors. [Abstract]

2025 Sep 15:1003:177942. PMID: 40651787
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Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin elicits chromatin remodeling and transcriptional reprogramming that blocks differentiation of monocytes into macrophages. [Abstract]

2025 Mar 19:e0013825. PMID: 40105369
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2026 Jan 16;31(2):319. PMID: 41599367
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Dynamic substrate topographies drive actin- and vimentin-mediated nuclear mechanoprotection events in human fibroblasts. [Abstract]

2025 Apr 7;23(1):94. PMID: 40189524
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2020 Dec;103(12):11636-11652. PMID: 33010913
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2025 May 19;10(21):21889-21907. PMID: 40488064
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Toxicokinetic and liver proteomic study of the Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) exposed to F-53B. [Abstract]

2025 May:282:107312. PMID: 40107147
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

TMT proteomic analysis for molecular mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus in response to freezing stress. [Abstract]

2022 Apr;106(8):3139-3152. PMID: 35460349
Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis

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2025 Jun;1871(5):167757. PMID: 40044063
FASEB J

Inhibition of TFEB deacetylation in proximal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) promotes TFEB activation and alleviates TEC damage in diabetic kidney disease. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 31;38(16):e23884. PMID: 39135512
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The regulatory effect of acetylation of HMGN2 and H3K27 on pyocyanin-induced autophagy in macrophages by affecting Ulk1 transcription. [Abstract]

2021 Aug;25(15):7524-7537. PMID: 34278675
FASEB J

Butyrate drives the acetylation of histone H3K9 to activate steroidogenesis through PPARγ and PGC1α pathways in ovarian granulosa cells. [Abstract]

2021 Feb;35(2):e21316. PMID: 33433947
J Mol Med (Berl)

Combination of PARP inhibitor and temozolomide to suppress chordoma progression. [Abstract]

2019 Aug;97(8):1183-1193. PMID: 31201471
iScience

Global isonicotinylome analysis identified SMAD3 isonicotinylation promotes liver cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion. [Abstract]

2024 Aug 21;27(9):110775. PMID: 39286495
iScience

Proteome and ubiquitinome analyses of the brain cortex in K18- hACE2 mice infected with SARS-CoV-2. [Abstract]

2024 Jul 27;27(9):110602. PMID: 39211577
iScience

Transcriptional synergy in human aortic endothelial cells is vulnerable to combination p300/CBP and BET bromodomain inhibition. [Abstract]

2024 May 16;27(6):110011. PMID: 38868181
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Nuclear SphK2/S1P signaling is a key regulator of ApoE production and Aβ uptake in astrocytes. [Abstract]

2024 Mar;65(3):100510. PMID: 38280459
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Restoration of p53 acetylation by HDAC inhibition permits the necrosis/apoptosis switch of pancreatic ainar cell during experimental pancreatitis in mice. [Abstract]

2019 Dec;234(12):21988-21998. PMID: 31058328
Sci Rep

The key regulation of LncRNA MALAT during reprogramming of primary mouse hepatocytes into insulin producing cells. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 9;15(1):24614. PMID: 40634357
Sci Rep

EP300 promotes ferroptosis via HSPA5 acetylation in pancreatic cancer. [Abstract]

2023 Sep 11;13(1):15004. PMID: 37696842
Sci Rep

ACSS2-mediated NF-κB activation promotes alkaliptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells. [Abstract]

2023 Jan 27;13(1):1483. PMID: 36707625
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Lysine demethylase KDM1A promotes cell growth via FKBP8-BCL2 axis in hepatocellular carcinoma. [Abstract]

2022 Sep;298(9):102374. PMID: 35970393
Fish Shellfish Immunol

Clethodim exposure induces developmental immunotoxicity and neurobehavioral dysfunction in zebrafish embryos. [Abstract]

2019 Mar;86:549-558. PMID: 30517881
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Short-chain fatty acid deficiency drives aberrant B cell differentiation in systemic lupus erythematosus. [Abstract]

2026 Jun:285:110706. PMID: 41974394
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Ewing sarcoma depends on C4orf48/NICOL, a NELL2 cofactor regulated by Hippo signaling. [Abstract]

2025 May 30:111904. PMID: 40451561
Cell Signal

HDAC5 deacetylates c-Myc and facilitates cell cycle progression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. [Abstract]

2024 Sep 5:111386. PMID: 39243916
J Proteome Res

Proteomics Combined with N-Glycoproteomics to Explore the Pathogenesis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. [Abstract]

2025 Dec 5;24(12):6272-6284. PMID: 41269767
Bone

Klotho senses mechanical stimuli and modulates tension-induced osteogenesis. [Abstract]

2025 Jun:195:117464. PMID: 40118264
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Quantitative proteome and lysine succinylome characterization of zinc chloride smoke-induced lung injury in mice. [Abstract]

2024 Mar 8;10(6):e27450. PMID: 38524532
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2021 Jan 1;20(1):960-971. PMID: 33226813
Mol Med Rep

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2025 Sep;32(3):253. PMID: 40641109
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2023 May:178:106078. PMID: 36965832
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Inhibition of 14-3-3ε by K50 acetylation activates YAP1 to promote cholangiocarcinoma growth. [Abstract]

2022 Dec 15;421(2):113404. PMID: 36341908
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2021 Jun;23(6):468. PMID: 33880587
J Immunol

Deacetylation of K481 and K484 on Penaeid Shrimp Hemocyanin Is Critical for Antibacterial Activity. [Abstract]

2022 Aug 1;209(3):476-487. PMID: 35851542
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol

Advanced oxidation protein products upregulate ABCB1 expression and activity via HDAC2-Foxo3α-mediated signaling in vitro and in vivo. [Abstract]

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Front Oncol

Bioinformatics-Based Identification of HDAC Inhibitors as Potential Drugs to Target EGFR Wild-Type Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. [Abstract]

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IUBMB Life

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mSphere

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Nuclear receptor coactivator 6 (NCoA6) promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in pancreatic cancer. [Abstract]

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Hum Cell

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2020 Dec;158:233-238. PMID: 32980686
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Scienceasia

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2026 Feb 10.
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2025 Dec 18.
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2025 Oct 13.
bioRxiv

2025 Aug 25.
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2025 July 03.
bioRxiv

2025 Jul 31.
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bioRxiv

2024 July 27.
SSRN

2023 Oct 18.
bioRxiv

2023 Jun 5.
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2023 Jun 6.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci

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bioRxiv

2020 Mar.
bioRxiv

2019 Apr.

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 50 mg/mL (165.36 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

Methanol : 2 mg/mL (6.61 mM; Need ultrasonic)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

3.3072 mL

16.5360 mL

33.0721 mL

5 mM

0.6614 mL

3.3072 mL

6.6144 mL

10 mM

0.3307 mL

1.6536 mL

3.3072 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass

Concentration

Volume

Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

Concentration _(start)

Volume _(start)

Concentration _(final)

Volume _(final)

In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

This protocol yields a suspended solution of 2.5 mg/mL. Suspended solution can be used for oral and intraperitoneal injection.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (25.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

Protocol 3

Add each solvent one by one: 5% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 50% Saline

Solubility: 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic

Protocol 4

Add each solvent one by one: 5% DMSO 95% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

Solubility: ≥ 2.5 mg/mL (8.27 mM); Clear solution

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Protocol

Cell Assay^[3]

Cells are cultured in a 96-well plate at 1×10³ cells per well with 100 μL complete DMEM in the presence or absence of a HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A for 72 h. Cytotoxicity is measured by performing WST-8 assay using a CCK-8 cell proliferation kit. The 450 nm absorbance is measured with a microplate reader. All experiments are carried out in triplicate and 3 independent experiments are performed^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Administration^[1]

Rats^[1]
Twelve rats are randomized to receive 500 μg/kg Trichostatin A in 50 μL DMSO, or 50 μL DMSO as vehicle control, by s.c. injection twice weekly for 4 weeks. In subsequent studies, 30 rats are randomized to receive Trichostatin A 500 μg/kg in 50 μL DMSO, or 50 μL DMSO as vehicle control, by s.c. injection daily for 4 weeks. Weekly tumor measurements, estimated tumor volumes, and body mass are recorded for each animal. Animals are sacrificed at the end of the 4-week study period; palpable tumors are resected and immediately snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen. Animals with tumors <2 cm in diameter or ulcerating tumors are withdrawn from study^[1].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (277 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Vigushin DM et al. Trichostatin A is a histone deacetylase inhibitor with potent antitumor activity against breast cancer in vivo. Clin Cancer Res. 2001 Apr;7(4):971-6. [Content Brief]

[2]. Karolczak-Bayatti M, et al. Expression of the GTP-Binding Protein Gαs in Human Myometrial Cells is Regulated by Ubiquitination and Protein Degradation: Involvement of Proteasomal Inhibition by Trichostatin A.,Reprod Sci. 2012 Aug 8. [Content Brief]

[3]. Hu X, et al. Histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A promotes the osteogenic differentiation of rat adipose-derived stem cells by altering the epigenetic modifications on Runx2 promoter in a BMP signaling-dependent manner.,Stem Cells Dev. 2012 Aug 8. [Content Brief]

[4]. Azechi T, et al. Trichostatin A, an HDAC class I/II inhibitor, promotes Pi-induced vascular calcification via up-regulation of the expression of alkaline phosphatase. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2013;20(6):538-47. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 2 years; -20°C, 1 year. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 2 years. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 year.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
Methanol / DMSO	1 mM	3.3072 mL	16.5360 mL	33.0721 mL	82.6802 mL
Methanol / DMSO	5 mM	0.6614 mL	3.3072 mL	6.6144 mL	16.5360 mL
DMSO	10 mM	0.3307 mL	1.6536 mL	3.3072 mL	8.2680 mL
	15 mM	0.2205 mL	1.1024 mL	2.2048 mL	5.5120 mL
	20 mM	0.1654 mL	0.8268 mL	1.6536 mL	4.1340 mL
	25 mM	0.1323 mL	0.6614 mL	1.3229 mL	3.3072 mL
	30 mM	0.1102 mL	0.5512 mL	1.1024 mL	2.7560 mL
	40 mM	0.0827 mL	0.4134 mL	0.8268 mL	2.0670 mL
	50 mM	0.0661 mL	0.3307 mL	0.6614 mL	1.6536 mL
	60 mM	0.0551 mL	0.2756 mL	0.5512 mL	1.3780 mL
	80 mM	0.0413 mL	0.2067 mL	0.4134 mL	1.0335 mL
	100 mM	0.0331 mL	0.1654 mL	0.3307 mL	0.8268 mL

Keywords

Trichostatin A

186 Cited Publications

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Trichostatin A

Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Compound Library

Epigenetics Compound Library

Stem Cell Signaling Compound Library

Natural Product Library

Histone Modification Research Compound Library

Anti-Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Aging Compound Library

Covalent Screening Library

Reprogramming Compound Library

Lipid Compound Library

Oxygen Sensing Compound Library

Anti-Breast Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Blood Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Liver Cancer Compound Library

Anti-Cancer Natural Product Library

Human Metabolite Library

Osteogenesis Compound Library

Anti-Aging Natural Product Library

Highly Selective Inhibitors Library

Anti-Hematopathy Compound Library

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Anti-Aging Compound Library Mini

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Natural Product and Natural Product-Like Compound Library

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Anti-Brain Cancer Compound Library

RO5 Drug-like Natural Product Library

High-Throughput Bioactive Compound Library

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Mass Spectrometry Human Metabolite Library

High-Efficiency Gene Editing Compound Library

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Lactylation Compound Library

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Trichostatin A

All HDAC Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (186)

Solvent & Solubility

Protocol

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Trichostatin A Related Classifications

Cat. No.: HY-15144