Design and synthesis of novel benzenesulfonamide containing 1,2,3-triazoles as potent human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, IV and IX inhibitors

In a quest to discover new biologically active compounds, a series of twenty novel heterocyclic derivatives substituted at position 5 with -H (7a-7j) or -CF₃ (8a-8j), bearing benzenesulfonamide at N-1 position and various aroyl groups at position 4 of the 1,2,3-triazole ring was synthesized and screened for their Carbonic Anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibition potential against four human (h) isoforms hCA I, II, IV and IX. All the compounds (7a-7j and 8a-8j) were synthesized via [3+2] cycloaddition reaction from 4-azidobenzenesulfonamide. Interestingly, compounds 7a-7j were prepared in one pot manner via enaminone intermediate using novel methodology. All the newly synthesized compounds (7a-7j &8a-8j) were found to be excellent inhibitors of edema related isoform hCA I with their inhibition constant (K_i) ranging from 30.1 to 86.8 nM as compared to standard drug acetazolamide (AAZ) with K_i = 250 nM. Further it was found that most of tested compounds were weaker inhibitors of isoform, hCA II although compounds 7b, 7d-7e, 8a, 8d-8f, 8i (mostly with electron withdrawing substituents) have shown better inhibition potential (K_i < 50 nM). Against glaucoma associated hCA IV, compound 7d was found to be better inhibitor (K_i = 52.4 nM) than AAZ (K_i = 74 nM) while against tumor associated hCA IX, all the compounds have shown moderate inhibition potential. Present study have added one more step in exploring the 1,2,3-triazlole moiety in the medicinal field.