IDO-1 Protein, Human (His)

The IDO protein plays a central role in cellular processes by catalyzing the initial and rate-limiting step in the catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway, as documented in various studies. Beyond its enzymatic function, IDO is involved in peripheral immune tolerance, contributing to the maintenance of homeostasis by preventing autoimmunity or immunopathology resulting from uncontrolled and overreacting immune responses. Tryptophan scarcity, a consequence of IDO activity, inhibits T lymphocytes division, and the accumulation of tryptophan catabolites induces T-cell apoptosis while promoting the differentiation of regulatory T-cells. Additionally, IDO acts as a suppressor of anti-tumor immunity and limits the growth of intracellular pathogens by depriving them of tryptophan. Furthermore, IDO serves a crucial role in protecting the fetus from maternal immune rejection. These diverse functions underscore the significance of IDO in orchestrating immune responses, maintaining metabolic balance, and contributing to crucial physiological processes with implications for autoimmunity, cancer, and host-pathogen interactions.