S100A1 Protein, Mouse (His)

S100A1 is a small calcium-binding protein that plays pivotal roles in various biological processes, including the regulation of Ca(2+) homeostasis, chondrocyte biology, and cardiomyocyte function. In response to elevated intracellular Ca(2+) levels, S100A1 undergoes conformational changes, enabling interactions with specific target proteins and modulating their activities. In cardiomyocytes, it orchestrates a network that governs sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) cycling and mitochondrial function by interacting with key proteins such as ryanodine receptors RYR1 and RYR2, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase/ATP2A2, and mitochondrial F1-ATPase. This multifaceted protein contributes to diastolic Ca(2+) dissociation and myofilament mechanics, enhancing relaxation during diastole. S100A1 forms dimers of either two alpha chains, two beta chains, or one of each, and it also engages in heterodimeric interactions with S100P. Additionally, it interacts with various proteins such as AGER, CAPZA1, FKBP4, RYR1, RYR2, CACYBP, PPP5C, ATP2A2, PLN, ATP5F1A, and ATP5F1B, participating in diverse cellular processes in a calcium-dependent manner.