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4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide (4-Vinylcyclohexene diepoxide) is an orally active metabolite of 4-vinylcyclohexene. 4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide induces Apoptosis, increases intracellular ROS, and activates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. 4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide selectively damages small ovarian follicles, inhibits granulosa cell function, and disrupts the male reproductive system. 4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide can be used in the study of premature ovarian insufficiency, reproductive toxicity, and related fertility disorders .
Thyroglobulin is a 660 kDa, dimeric glycoprotein produced by the follicular cells of the thyroid and used entirely within the thyroid gland. Thyroglobulin acts as a substrate for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), as well as the storage of the inactive forms of thyroid hormone and iodine within the follicular lumen of a thyroid follicle. Thyroglobulin activates Akt kinase activity in FRTL-5 thyroid cell .
Minoxidil sulfate, a potent and ATP-sensitive K + channel opener, is the sulfated metabolite of minoxidil. Minoxidil sulfate is considered as a vasodilator to promote hair growth in vivo .
1-Methyladenine is a gonad maturation-promoting regulator. 1-Methyladenine is produced in testes and ovarian follicle cells of starfish under the induction of gonad-stimulating substance (GSS). 1-Methyladenine promotes starfish oocyte maturation and spawning, and modifies bases that regulate DNA structure. 1-Methyladenine converts T-A base pairs in double-stranded DNA into non-disruptive T (anti)m1A (syn) Hoogsteen conformation. If this conformational base is not repaired in a timely manner, 1-Methyladenine transforms into cytotoxic DNA damage and blocks the replication process .
Carbomer 940 (CBM 940) is an acrylic polymer with high viscosity, good thermal stability and histocompatibility. Carbomer 940 serves as a transdermal drug delivery carrier and an external gel matrix. Carbomer 940 has no cytotoxicity, and it can also improve blood supply in the stasis zone of burns and promote wound repair. Carbomer 940 is applicable to pharmaceutical research .
Acetyl tetrapeptide-3 is a synthetic peptide. Acetyl tetrapeptide-3 enhances the adhesion of hair follicles to the scalp but also promotes the development of new hair follicles. Acetyl tetrapeptide-3 stimulates the synthesis of collagen III in hair follicles. Acetyl tetrapeptide-3 combined with Biochanin A (HY-14595) and ginseng extracts, can stimulate dermal papilla extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins by increasing hydroxyproline, Collagen Type 3, and laminin, yielding a significant improvement in hair follicle size and hair anchoring .
Semicarbazide hydrochloride is an orally active urea derivative. Semicarbazide hydrochloride binds to copper or iron in cells. Semicarbazide hydrochloride inhibits the activity of soluble semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO). Semicarbazide hydrochloride damages cartilage, blood vessels, ovaries, testicles, and thyroid follicles .
Zinc sulphate is an orally active inhibitor of tyrosinase and glutathione reductase. Zinc sulphate enhances the activity of dopachrome tautomerase. Zinc sulphate delays anagen-related eumelanin production, induces hair hypopigmentation in mice, and accelerates wound healing. Zinc sulphate can be used in research related to benign gastric ulcers. Zinc sulphate can be used in research related to rheumatoid arthritis .
Copper tripeptide-3 (AHK-Cu) is a bioactive peptide with promotion of hair growth effect. Copper tripeptide-3 increases dermal cell proliferation and viability while increasing the deposition of collagen to renew the extracellular matrix. Copper tripeptide-3 stimulates the elongation of human hair follicles and proliferation of dermal papilla cells .
FSHR agonist 1 is a high affinity and allosteric follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) agonist with a pEC50 of 7.72. FSHR agonist 1 formes extensive interactions with the TMD to directly activate FSHR .
Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-20 (PTP20) is a biomimetic peptide agonist of α-MSH. Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-20 promotes hair pigmentation and delays hair graying by activating the MC1-R pathway (AC50: 0.16 nM), enhancing catalase activity to reduce H2O2 accumulation, and upregulating SIRT1 activity. Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-20 can be used in research on preventing hair loss and improving hair graying .
TOP5668 is an orally active follicle-stimulating hormone receptor allosteric agonist. TOP5668 can induce the production of testosterone in stromal cells and promote follicular genesis and superovulation in rats .
Histrelin acetate, a GnRH analogue, is a GnRH Receptor agonist. Histrelin acetate increases serum luteinising hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels. Histrelin acetate can be used in the research of prostate cancer, endometriosis .
DCOIT is a representative isothiazolinone that stimulates the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR)-mediated synthesis of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in the brain. DCOIT interferes with G protein-coupled receptors, MAPK and Ca 2+ signaling cascades .
GnRH Associated Peptide (GAP) (1-13), human is an amino acid peptide fragment derived from GnRH. GAP can increase the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in rat anterior pituitary cells. GAP also inhibit the secretion of prolactin .
hFSH-β-(33-53) TFA, a thiol-containing peptide which corresponds to a second FSH receptor-binding domain, is a FSHR (follicle-stimulating hormone receptor) antagonist. hFSH-β-(33-53) TFA inhibits binding of FSH to receptor and is a partial agonist of estradiol synthesis in Sertoli cells .
3-Campholenyl-2-butanol, a synthetic sandalwood odorant, is a selective olfactory receptor OR2AT4 agonist. 3-Campholenyl-2-butanol prolongs human hair growth ex vivo by decreasing apoptosis and increasing production of the anagen-prolonging growth factor IGF-1 in the outer root sheath (ORS) .
Propylparaben-d4 is the deuterium labeled Propylparaben . Propylparaben (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats .
Ganirelix acetate (Ganirest) is a competitive and selective gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist. Ganirelix acetate blocks endogenous GnRH-induced release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone. Ganirelix acetate antagonizes Prostaglandin E2 (HY-101952)-induced detrusor overactivity and enhances Carbachol (HY-B1208)-induced detrusor contraction. Ganirelix acetate is applicable to research related to female infertility and detrusor overactivity .
Propylparaben sodium is an orally active weak estrogen receptor agonist. Propylparaben sodium regulates the PI3K-AKT and JNK signaling pathways, induces oxidative stress, and alters the estrous cycle, hormone levels and ovarian reserve function. Propylparaben sodium inhibits the growth of antral follicles and alters the accumulation of steroid hormones in follicle culture media. Propylparaben sodium can be used in studies related to ovarian aging and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury[1][2][3][4][5].
Corifollitropin alfa (Org 36286) is a long-acting recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) analog. Corifollitropin alfa is a FSH Receptor agonist with an EC50 of 5.0 pM. Corifollitropin alfa stimulates ovulation and can be used in the research of infertility .
ADX61623 is a potent follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor (FSHR) negative allosteric modulator (NAM). ADX61623 shows luteinizing hormone receptor (LH-R) activity and is not active on thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors. ADX61623 can be used for the study of estrogen dependent disease .
Fulvestrant (ICI 182780; ZD 9238) S enantiomer is the S-enantiomer of Fulvestrant (HY-13636), a potent estrogen receptor inhibitor. Fulvestrant binds to and blocks the estrogen receptor, promotes its degradation, and thereby inhibits receptor dimerization, nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and transcriptional activity. Fulvestrant effectively blocks estrogen signaling, MAPK pathway activation and ER-regulated protein expression. Fulvestrant induces apoptosis, inhibits the proliferation of breast cancer and prolactinoma cells, and reduces the mineralization level, alkaline phosphatase activity and osteocalcin expression of preosteoblasts. Prenatal exposure to Fulvestrant impairs ovarian follicular development and causes ovarian structural damage. Fulvestrant has been widely used in studies related to breast cancer, prolactinoma and other conditions .
Urofollitropin is a protein extract of human menopausal urine. Urofollitropin has the function of promoting follicle development and maturation, but contains very small amounts of urinary proteins .
Histrelin, a GnRH analogue, is a GnRH Receptor agonist. Histrelin increases serum luteinising hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels. Histrelin can be used in the research of prostate cancer, endometriosis .
Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-20 (PTP20) TFA is a biomimetic peptide agonist of α-MSH. Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-20 TFA promotes hair pigmentation and delays hair graying by activating the MC1-R pathway (AC50: 0.16 nM), enhancing catalase activity to reduce H2O2 accumulation, and upregulating SIRT1 activity. Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-20 TFA can be used in research on preventing hair loss and improving hair graying .
o,p'-DDE (2,4-Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene) is a metabolite and degradation product of the organochlorine pesticide DDT. It accumulates in smallmouth buffalo, channel catfish, and largemouth bass, and in sediments from DDT manufacturing plants around the Huntsville Spring Branch-Indian Creek tributary system, where it is considered a persistent organic pollutant (POP). o,p'-DDE inhibits estrogen binding to the rainbow trout estrogen receptor (rtER) with an IC50 value of 3.2 μM. It induces concentration-dependent estradiol secretion in co-cultures of granulosa and theca cells isolated from porcine follicles. In ovo exposure to o,p'-DDE increases follicular degeneration and reduces testis size in Japanese medaka (O. latipes).
Menotropin (Menotrophin) is a hormone that can be extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women and has both follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) activity .
TOP5300 is an orally active follicle-stimulating hormone receptor allosteric agonist. TOP5300 can induce the production of testosterone in stromal cells and promote follicular genesis and superovulation in rats .
N-Acetyl-4-S-mercaptoaminophenol (N-Ac-4-S-CAP) is a compound that is selectively cytotoxic to melanocytes of black mouse hair follicles. It can cause 98% depigmentation of black mouse hair follicles. N-Ac-4-S-CAP can produce visible changes in hair follicle melanocytes 4 hours after intraperitoneal injection, including aggregation of melanin granules and nuclear condensation. Electron microscopy observations showed that it caused progressive destruction of melanocytes, including swelling of membranous organelles, nuclear condensation, and cytoplasmic vacuolation, ultimately leading to complete cell necrosis. N-Ac-4-S-CAP has a specific cytotoxic effect on melanocytes that actively produce eumelanin, but may not affect precursor or dormant melanocytes. These properties suggest that N-Ac-4-S-CAP may have potential application value in the treatment of melanoma or skin whitening.
Human follicular gonadotropin releasing peptide (hF-GRP) is a hormone peptide. Human follicular gonadotropin releasing peptide can stimulate pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion in vitro .
Lapisteride (CS 891) is an orally active 5α-reductase inhibitor. Lapisteride can inhibit 5α-reductaseactivity in the hair follicles (HF). Lapisteride can be used in prostatic hyperplasia and androgenic alopecia research .
RFRP-3 (mouse) is a functional ortholog of avian gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH), binding to GPR147. RFRP-3 (mouse) reduces Progesterone synthesis by inhibiting FSHR and key enzymes involved in steroidogenesis (P450scc, 3β-HSD, StAR). RFRP-3 (mouse) induces Apoptosis (increase of p53). RFRP-3 (mouse) also suppresses the ERK signaling pathway. RFRP-3 (mouse) can be used for research of follicular development .
DCOIT (Standard) is the analytical standard of DCOIT. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. DCOIT is a representative isothiazolinone that stimulates the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR)-mediated synthesis of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in the brain. DCOIT interferes with G protein-coupled receptors, MAPK and Ca2+ signaling cascades[1].
Azalanstat (RS-21607) is an inhibitor of heme oxygenase and lanosterol 14α-demethylase, with inhibitory activity against HO-1 (IC50 = 5.5 µM) and HO-2 (IC50 = 24.5 µM). Azalanstat reduces the maturation rate of rat oocytes, increases rat oocyte degeneration, and partially inhibits progesterone production in preovulatory follicles of rats .
MPC-IN-1 (compound 4i) is a cyanocinnamate-based, mitochondrial pyruvate transporter (MPC) inhibitor, and is a derivative of UK-5099 (HY-15475). MPC inhibitors promote the development of hair follicle stem cells without affecting normal cells. MPC-IN-1 promotes cellular lactate production and promotes significant hair growth in mice, and has the potential to be used to inhibit hair loss .
Linzagolix choline (KLH-2109 choline) is a non-peptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist with oral activity. Linzagolix choline inhibits the release of endogenous gonadotropins such as luteinizing hormone LH and follicle-stimulating hormone FSH by binding to the GnRH receptor within the pituitary gland. This inhibition results in a reduction in the production of sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, which in turn affects the course of sex hormone-dependent diseases. Linzagolix choline can be used in the study of sex hormone-dependent diseases such as endometriosis and uterine fibroids .
PROTAC AR Degrader-9 (Compound c6) is a PROTAC degrader for androgen receptor, that degrades AR in human hair follicle papilla cells (HDPCs) with a DC50 of 262.38 nM. PROTAC AR Degrader-9 promotes the expressions of paracrine factors, such as TGF-β1 and β-catenin, exhibits hair regenerating efficacy in mouse models . (Pink: ligand for target protein AR ligand-38 (HY-170450); Black: linker; Blue: ligand for E3 ligase Cereblon (HY-170449))
Kentsin (Thr-Pro-Arg-Lys), a contraceptive tetrapeptide, is originally extracted from hamster embryos. Kentsin prevents the maturation of Graafian follicles and consequently inhibits ovulation, without binding to opioid receptors. Kentsin has opiate properties on gastrointestinal motility .
FSH receptor antagonist 1 (compound 10) is a potent antagonist of the G(s)-protein-coupled human follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor. FSH receptor antagonist 1 exhibits an IC50 of 28 nM on a cell line expressing the human FSH receptor. FSH receptor antagonist 1 significantly inhibits follicle growth and ovulation in an ex vivo mouse model .
DS1 is a potent GABAA agonist. DS1 increases the activity of serum response element (SRE) and cAMP response element (CRE) promoters. DS1 induces luteinizing hormone beta (LHbeta) and follicle-stimulating hormone beta (FSHbeta) promoter activity .
Human CXCR5 mRNA encodes the human C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5) protein, a multi-pass membrane protein that belongs to the CXC chemokine receptor family. CXCR5 is involved in B-cell migration into B-cell follicles of spleen and Peyer patches.
(D-Ser(tBu)6,D-Leu7,Azagly10)-LHRH is an analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). LHRH plays a central role in the control of reproduction by stimulating the release of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) .
(D-Ser4,D-Ser(tBu)6,Azagly10)-LHRH is an analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). LHRH plays a central role in the control of reproduction by stimulating the release of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) .
(D-Tyr5,D-Ser(tBu)6,Azagly10)-LHRH is an analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). LHRH plays a central role in the control of reproduction by stimulating the release of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) .
Org-9935 is a selective inhibitor of PDE3 with an IC50 of 50 nM. Org-9935 inhibits maturation of oocyte in naturally selected dominant follicle in rhesus macaques. Org-9935 can augment glucose-induced insulin release in isolated rat islets with an EC50 of 20 μM .
E3 ligase Ligand 48 is a CRBN ligand for PROTAC AR Degrader-9 (HY-170448). PROTAC AR Degrader-9 (Compound c6) is a PROTAC degrader for androgen receptor, that degrades AR in human hair follicle papilla cells (HDPCs) with a DC50 of 262.38 nM .
Follitropin alfa, Lutropin alfa (2:1) is a combination of recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (Follitropin alfa, FSH) and recombinant human luteinizing hormone (Lutropin alfa, LH) in a 2:1 ratio. Follitropin alfa, Lutropin alfa (2:1) is a gonadotropin preparation used in assisted reproductive technology (ART) that is effective in achieving pregnancy with a good safety profile .
Semicarbazide (hydrochloride) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Semicarbazide (hydrochloride). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Semicarbazide hydrochloride is an orally active urea derivative. Semicarbazide hydrochloride binds to copper or iron in cells. Semicarbazide hydrochloride inhibits the activity of soluble semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO). Semicarbazide hydrochloride damages cartilage, blood vessels, ovaries, testicles, and thyroid follicles .
Human ACVR2B mRNA encodes the human activin A receptor type 2B (ACVR2B) protein, a receptor that transduces the activin signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating many physiological and pathological processes including neuronal differentiation and neuronal survival, hair follicle development and cycling, FSH production by the pituitary gland, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinogenesis.
Propylparaben (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Propylparaben (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Propylparaben sodium (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben sodium is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben sodium disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben sodium also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats .
Propylparaben (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Propylparaben (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Propylparaben sodium (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben sodium is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben sodium disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben sodium also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats .
5α-Pregnane-3α,20α-diol (Allopregnanediol) is a derivative of progesterone and is one of the various steroids secreted by the ovaries of rats. 5α-Pregnane-3α,20α-diol can significantly stimulate the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) in castrated rats that have been pre-treated with estrogen, while simultaneously inhibiting the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) .
Propylparaben-d7 (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate-d7) is the deuterium labeled Propylparaben (HY-N2026) . Propylparaben (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats .
4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide (Standard) is the analytical standard of 4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide (HY-106591A). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide (4-Vinylcyclohexene diepoxide) is an orally active metabolite of 4-vinylcyclohexene. 4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide induces Apoptosis, increases intracellular ROS, and activates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. 4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide selectively damages small ovarian follicles, inhibits granulosa cell function, and disrupts the male reproductive system. 4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide can be used in the study of premature ovarian insufficiency, reproductive toxicity, and related fertility disorders .
KF-19418 is a hair follicle stimulator with hair growth promoting activity. KF-19418 stimulates proliferation of cultured hair bulb cells from newborn mice. KF-19418 accelerates hair regrowth in hair-clipped mouse alopecia model following topical application. KF-19418 can be used for the research of alopecia .
SLD1121 is an agonist of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that enhances Wnt signaling by targeting LRP6 (Kd: 4.52-7.49 nM). SLD1121 interacts with the intracellular domain of LRP6, stabilizes LRP6, promotes its nuclear translocation, and facilitates its binding to β-catenin, TCF4 or LEF1 in the nucleus, thereby inducing the expression of Wnt-regulated genes and stem cell-related genes. SLD1121 induces the transition of hair follicles from telogen to anagen in the mouse hair growth cycle and promotes hair growth in mice. SLD1121 is applicable to hair loss-related research .
hFSH-β-(33-53) is a polypeptide corresponding to residues 33-53 of hFSH-β, and also a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) antagonist. hFSH-β-(33-53) stimulates basal estradiol synthesis in cells. hFSH-β-(33-53) prolongs vaginal estrus in mice with normal estrous cycles .
Azalanstat dihydrochloride (RS-21607 dihydrochloride) is an inhibitor of heme oxygenase and lanosterol 14α-demethylase, with inhibitory activity against HO-1 (IC50 = 5.5 µM) and HO-2 (IC50 = 24.5 µM). Azalanstat dihydrochloride reduces the maturation rate of rat oocytes, increases rat oocyte degeneration, and partially inhibits progesterone production in preovulatory follicles of rats .
ADX68692 is an orally active negative allosteric modulators of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor with a log IC50 of -5.71. ADX68692 can inhibit hCG-induced cAMP production and s ß-arrestin 2 recruitment in HEK293 cells. ADX68692 exhibits a partial effect in both mLTC-1 and primary rat Leydig cells. ADX68692 inhibits FSHR-promoted cAMP, progesterone and estradiol production. ADX68692 can reduce the number of oocytes recovered from the ampullae .
Thyroglobulin is a 660 kDa, dimeric glycoprotein produced by the follicular cells of the thyroid and used entirely within the thyroid gland. Thyroglobulin acts as a substrate for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), as well as the storage of the inactive forms of thyroid hormone and iodine within the follicular lumen of a thyroid follicle. Thyroglobulin activates Akt kinase activity in FRTL-5 thyroid cell .
Carbomer 940 (CBM 940) is an acrylic polymer with high viscosity, good thermal stability and histocompatibility. Carbomer 940 serves as a transdermal drug delivery carrier and an external gel matrix. Carbomer 940 has no cytotoxicity, and it can also improve blood supply in the stasis zone of burns and promote wound repair. Carbomer 940 is applicable to pharmaceutical research .
Menotropin (Menotrophin) is a hormone that can be extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women and has both follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) activity .
Acetyl tetrapeptide-3 is a synthetic peptide. Acetyl tetrapeptide-3 enhances the adhesion of hair follicles to the scalp but also promotes the development of new hair follicles. Acetyl tetrapeptide-3 stimulates the synthesis of collagen III in hair follicles. Acetyl tetrapeptide-3 combined with Biochanin A (HY-14595) and ginseng extracts, can stimulate dermal papilla extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins by increasing hydroxyproline, Collagen Type 3, and laminin, yielding a significant improvement in hair follicle size and hair anchoring .
Copper tripeptide-3 (AHK-Cu) is a bioactive peptide with promotion of hair growth effect. Copper tripeptide-3 increases dermal cell proliferation and viability while increasing the deposition of collagen to renew the extracellular matrix. Copper tripeptide-3 stimulates the elongation of human hair follicles and proliferation of dermal papilla cells .
Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-20 (PTP20) is a biomimetic peptide agonist of α-MSH. Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-20 promotes hair pigmentation and delays hair graying by activating the MC1-R pathway (AC50: 0.16 nM), enhancing catalase activity to reduce H2O2 accumulation, and upregulating SIRT1 activity. Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-20 can be used in research on preventing hair loss and improving hair graying .
Histrelin acetate, a GnRH analogue, is a GnRH Receptor agonist. Histrelin acetate increases serum luteinising hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels. Histrelin acetate can be used in the research of prostate cancer, endometriosis .
GnRH Associated Peptide (GAP) (1-13), human is an amino acid peptide fragment derived from GnRH. GAP can increase the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in rat anterior pituitary cells. GAP also inhibit the secretion of prolactin .
hFSH-β-(33-53) TFA, a thiol-containing peptide which corresponds to a second FSH receptor-binding domain, is a FSHR (follicle-stimulating hormone receptor) antagonist. hFSH-β-(33-53) TFA inhibits binding of FSH to receptor and is a partial agonist of estradiol synthesis in Sertoli cells .
Urofollitropin is a protein extract of human menopausal urine. Urofollitropin has the function of promoting follicle development and maturation, but contains very small amounts of urinary proteins .
Histrelin, a GnRH analogue, is a GnRH Receptor agonist. Histrelin increases serum luteinising hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels. Histrelin can be used in the research of prostate cancer, endometriosis .
Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-20 (PTP20) TFA is a biomimetic peptide agonist of α-MSH. Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-20 TFA promotes hair pigmentation and delays hair graying by activating the MC1-R pathway (AC50: 0.16 nM), enhancing catalase activity to reduce H2O2 accumulation, and upregulating SIRT1 activity. Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-20 TFA can be used in research on preventing hair loss and improving hair graying .
Human follicular gonadotropin releasing peptide (hF-GRP) is a hormone peptide. Human follicular gonadotropin releasing peptide can stimulate pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion in vitro .
RFRP-3 (mouse) is a functional ortholog of avian gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH), binding to GPR147. RFRP-3 (mouse) reduces Progesterone synthesis by inhibiting FSHR and key enzymes involved in steroidogenesis (P450scc, 3β-HSD, StAR). RFRP-3 (mouse) induces Apoptosis (increase of p53). RFRP-3 (mouse) also suppresses the ERK signaling pathway. RFRP-3 (mouse) can be used for research of follicular development .
CKS9 is an M cell-targeting peptide. CKS9 exhibits high affinity towards M cells. CKS9 facilitates the transport of chitosan nanoparticles across the M cell to enter the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) in Peyer’s patch (PP) of the gut. CKS9 can be used for swine dysentery research .
Kentsin (Thr-Pro-Arg-Lys), a contraceptive tetrapeptide, is originally extracted from hamster embryos. Kentsin prevents the maturation of Graafian follicles and consequently inhibits ovulation, without binding to opioid receptors. Kentsin has opiate properties on gastrointestinal motility .
(D-Ser(tBu)6,D-Leu7,Azagly10)-LHRH is an analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). LHRH plays a central role in the control of reproduction by stimulating the release of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) .
(D-Ser4,D-Ser(tBu)6,Azagly10)-LHRH is an analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). LHRH plays a central role in the control of reproduction by stimulating the release of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) .
(D-Tyr5,D-Ser(tBu)6,Azagly10)-LHRH is an analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). LHRH plays a central role in the control of reproduction by stimulating the release of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) .
hFSH-β-(33-53) is a polypeptide corresponding to residues 33-53 of hFSH-β, and also a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) antagonist. hFSH-β-(33-53) stimulates basal estradiol synthesis in cells. hFSH-β-(33-53) prolongs vaginal estrus in mice with normal estrous cycles .
Corifollitropin alfa (Org 36286) is a long-acting recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) analog. Corifollitropin alfa is a FSH Receptor agonist with an EC50 of 5.0 pM. Corifollitropin alfa stimulates ovulation and can be used in the research of infertility .
1-Methyladenine is a gonad maturation-promoting regulator. 1-Methyladenine is produced in testes and ovarian follicle cells of starfish under the induction of gonad-stimulating substance (GSS). 1-Methyladenine promotes starfish oocyte maturation and spawning, and modifies bases that regulate DNA structure. 1-Methyladenine converts T-A base pairs in double-stranded DNA into non-disruptive T (anti)m1A (syn) Hoogsteen conformation. If this conformational base is not repaired in a timely manner, 1-Methyladenine transforms into cytotoxic DNA damage and blocks the replication process .
Propylparaben sodium is an orally active weak estrogen receptor agonist. Propylparaben sodium regulates the PI3K-AKT and JNK signaling pathways, induces oxidative stress, and alters the estrous cycle, hormone levels and ovarian reserve function. Propylparaben sodium inhibits the growth of antral follicles and alters the accumulation of steroid hormones in follicle culture media. Propylparaben sodium can be used in studies related to ovarian aging and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury[1][2][3][4][5].
Propylparaben (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Propylparaben (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Propylparaben sodium (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben sodium is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben sodium disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben sodium also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats .
Propylparaben (sodium) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Propylparaben (sodium). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Propylparaben sodium (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben sodium is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben sodium disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben sodium also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats .
FSHR, a G protein-coupled receptor, specifically recognizes follitropin (FSH) and activates PI3K-AKT and ERK1/ERK2 pathways by promoting cAMP production. Operating as a homotrimer, FSHR binds the heterodimeric FSH hormone, forming a functional unit for signal transduction. Its regulatory mechanisms involve interaction with ARRB2, and independently of FSH stimulation, it engages with APPL2, demonstrating versatility in diverse cellular contexts. FSHR Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived FSHR protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag.
The CG alpha protein, a shared alpha chain in glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, FSH, CG), binds to receptors, initiating signaling pathways. Heterodimeric hormones involve CG alpha and a specific beta chain (TSHB, LHB, FSHB, CGB), imparting biological specificity. FSH Protein, Human (HEK293, Fc) is a recombinant protein dimer complex containing human-derived FSH protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-hFc labeled tag. FSH Protein, Human (HEK293, Fc), has molecular weight of ~23-24.3 & 45-49 kDa, respectively.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a glycoprotein dimer polypeptide hormone produced by the anterior pituitary in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus, which consists of Glycoprotein hormones α chain and Follitropin subunit β. FSH binds to FSHR, a G protein-coupled receptor, on target cells to activate downstream signaling pathways. FSH is involved in follicle development and spermatogenesis in reproductive organs. FSH Protein, Human (HEK293, Flag-His) is a recombinant protein with a Flag-His label that consisting of 116 amino acids of Glycoprotein hormones α chain and 129 amino acids of Follitropin subunit β, which is expressed in HEK293 cells.
The FSH beta protein and the alpha chain CGA form follicle-stimulating hormone, which gives the hormone heterodimer biological specificity. It binds to FSHR on target cells and initiates downstream signaling, which is critical for follicle development and spermatogenesis. FSH beta Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived FSH beta protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag.
The CG alpha protein, a shared alpha chain in glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, FSH, CG), binds to receptors, initiating signaling pathways. Heterodimeric hormones involve CG alpha and a specific beta chain (TSHB, LHB, FSHB, CGB), imparting biological specificity. CG alpha Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived CG alpha protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag.
The CG alpha protein, a shared alpha chain in glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, FSH, CG), binds to receptors, initiating signaling pathways. Heterodimeric hormones involve CG alpha and a specific beta chain (TSHB, LHB, FSHB, CGB), imparting biological specificity. CGA-CGB3 Heterodimer Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is a recombinant protein dimer complex containing human-derived CGA-CGB3 Heterodimer protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag. CGA-CGB3 Heterodimer Protein, Human (HEK293, His), has molecular weight of 22 & 30-35 kDa, respectively.
The INHBA protein plays a key role in regulating pituitary function by regulating follicle-stimulating hormone secretion together with activin. Its broad effects span a variety of physiological processes, including hormone secretion, germ cell development, erythrocyte differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic development, and bone growth, depending on unique subunit composition. Activin A Protein, Human/Mouse/Rat (CHO) is the recombinant human/rat/mouse-derived Activin A protein, expressed by CHO, with tag free.
The INHBA protein plays a key role in regulating pituitary function by regulating follicle-stimulating hormone secretion together with activin. Its broad effects span a variety of physiological processes, including hormone secretion, germ cell development, erythrocyte differentiation, insulin secretion, nerve cell survival, embryonic development, and bone growth, depending on unique subunit composition. Animal-Free Activin A Protein, Human/Mouse/Rat (His) is the recombinant human, rat, mouse-derived animal-FreeActivin A protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-His labeled tag. This product is for cell culture use only.
Propylparaben-d4 is the deuterium labeled Propylparaben . Propylparaben (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats .
Propylparaben-d7 (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate-d7) is the deuterium labeled Propylparaben (HY-N2026) . Propylparaben (Propyl parahydroxybenzoate) is an antimicrobial preservative which can be produced naturally by plants and bacteria. Propylparaben is prevalently used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods. Propylparaben disrupts antral follicle growth and steroidogenic function by altering the cell-cycle, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis pathways. Propylparaben also decreases sperm number and motile activity in rats .
Human CXCR5 mRNA encodes the human C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5) protein, a multi-pass membrane protein that belongs to the CXC chemokine receptor family. CXCR5 is involved in B-cell migration into B-cell follicles of spleen and Peyer patches.
Human ACVR2B mRNA encodes the human activin A receptor type 2B (ACVR2B) protein, a receptor that transduces the activin signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating many physiological and pathological processes including neuronal differentiation and neuronal survival, hair follicle development and cycling, FSH production by the pituitary gland, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinogenesis.
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Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
MedchemExpress Validation 03
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
MedchemExpress Validation 04
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
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