4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide
Based on 1 Customer Validation
4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide (4-Vinylcyclohexene diepoxide) is an orally active metabolite of 4-vinylcyclohexene. 4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide induces Apoptosis, increases intracellular ROS, and activates the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. 4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide selectively damages small ovarian follicles, inhibits granulosa cell function, and disrupts the male reproductive system. 4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide can be used in the study of premature ovarian insufficiency, reproductive toxicity, and related fertility disorders.
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研究用途以外に使用した場合、当社は一切の責任を負いかねます。
- 純度 : 98.57%
- CAS 番号: 106-87-6
- 分子式: C8H12O2
- 分子量:140.18
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保管条件:Pure form -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month
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生物活性
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化学情報
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溶剤 & 溶解度
- プロトコル
- 純度とドキュメンテーション
- 参考文献
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Help & FAQs
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HY-Y0873
PEG300Neutral Polymer -
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WP1066JAK2/STAT3 Inhibitor -
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4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide (Standard)Reference Standard -
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CC-115DNA-PK/mTOR Inhibitor -
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VoxtalisibPI3K Inhibitor -
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生物活性
製品説明
体外実験
4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide (90 μM-3 mM; 24 h) induces apoptosis, increases intracellular reactive oxygen species, and inhibits proliferation in human ovarian granulosa cell line (SVOG)[2].
4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide (10 nM-10 mM; 6-24 h) promotes the activation of primordial follicles by transiently activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway[3].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only. Further protocols information, click here.
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Cell Line:Human ovarian granulosa cell line (SVOG)
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Concentration:0.5 mM, 1 mM
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Incubation Time:24 h
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Result:Increased apoptosis with higher Annexin V-positive cells.
Induced a significant increase in Hoechst 33342 and PI positive cells in a dose-dependent manner.
体内実験
4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide (80 mg/kg; i.p.; 5-10 days) promotes superovulation, increases serum E2 and FSH levels, and enhances follicular development in middle-aged C57BL/6J mice [3].
4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide (100-500 mg/kg; p.o.; daily for 28 days) disrupts sperm characteristics, reduces reproductive hormones, and induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in testes and epididymis of male Wistar rats[6] .
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Female F344 rats (28-day-old) [1]
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Dosage:80 mg/kg
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Administration:i.p., 1 day or 15 days
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Result:Increased cytosolic caspase-3 activity in small follicles (Day 1: 2.86; Day 15: 3.25, VCD/control).
Increased procaspase-3 protein by 212% (Day 15).
Increased caspase-8 activity (Day 15).
Increased caspase-9 activity (Day 1).
化学情報
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CAS 番号 106-87-6
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性状 Liquid (Density: 1.0986 g/cm3)
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分子量 140.18
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分子式 C8H12O2
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Color Colorless to light yellow
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SMILES
C1(C2CCC3OC3C2)CO1
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別名
Vinylcyclohexene diepoxide
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輸送条件
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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保管条件
Pure form -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month
溶剤 & 溶解度
体外:
DMSO : 50 mg/mL (356.68 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
濃度 (開始) × 体積 (開始) = 濃度 (終了) × 体積 (終了)
体内:
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (35.67 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (35.67 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: Corn Oil
Solubility: 25 mg/mL (178.34 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Add each solvent one by one: 15% Cremophor EL 85% Saline
Solubility: 25 mg/mL (178.34 mM); Suspended solution; Need ultrasonic
In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Please enter your animal formula composition:
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%DMSO +
Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
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%+
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+%Tween-80 + +
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%Saline +
The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL DMSO. Stock solution concentration: mg/mL.
1. Take μL DMSO stock solution;
2. Add μL .
μL , mix evenly;
3. Then add μL Tween 80, mix evenly;
4. Then add μL
Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
プロトコル
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Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity Study
Reproductive and developmental toxicity studies detect adverse effects of prenatal or peri/postnatal exposure on maternal condition, pregnancy maintenance, embryo-fetal survival, fetal growth, structural development, and offspring reproductive or developmental endpoints; classic rat protocols generate readouts by comparing treated groups with vehicle, pair-fed, or untreated controls for implantation, resorption, fetal weight, crown-rump length, external morphology, visceral morphology, skeletal ossification, anogenital distance, nipple/areola retention, and postnatal cohort outcomes.
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis, also called programmed cell death, is generally characterized by distinct morphological characteristics.
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TUNEL staining for apoptotic DNA fragmentation
TUNEL staining detects DNA strand breaks by using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to add labeled nucleotides to exposed 3′-OH DNA termini, generating either microscopic staining in fixed cells or tissue sections, or fluorescence/cytometric signal in cell suspensions. TUNEL positivity reflects DNA fragmentation but should not be interpreted alone as definitive apoptosis, because TUNEL can also label necrotic, autolytic, mechanically damaged, or DNA-repair-associated DNA breaks.
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Annexin V plus membrane-impermeant dye apoptosis staining
Annexin V-based apoptosis assays rely on the detection of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization from the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane to the outer leaflet, an early biochemical hallmark of apoptosis. Fluorescently labeled Annexin V binds PS in a calcium-dependent manner, enabling identification of early apoptotic cells by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. When combined with a membrane-impermeant DNA-binding dye (e. g. , propidium iodide), this approach allows discrimination between viable (Annexin V−/dye−), early apoptotic (Annexin V+/dye−), and late apoptotic or necrotic (Annexin V+/dye+) cell populations by assessing membrane integrity and PS exposure.
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ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining
ROS/oxidative-stress fluorescent staining uses cell-permeant fluorogenic probes that become fluorescent after oxidation inside cells or tissues; commonly used examples include DCFH-DA/DCFDA for broad cellular oxidant detection, DHE for superoxide-related signal detection, MitoSOX for mitochondrial superoxide-related signal detection, and CellROX probes for oxidative-stress-associated fluorescence readouts. The assay detects probe oxidation rather than a single ROS species unless the probe and analysis method have been chemically validated for that species. DCFH-DA enters cells, is deacetylated by intracellular esterases to DCFH, and produces fluorescent DCF after oxidation, so the readout is used as an operational measure of total cellular oxidative stress rather than a species-specific ROS measurement. DHE and MitoSOX can report superoxide-related oxidation, but red fluorescence alone can include non-specific ethidium-like oxidation products; HPLC or optimized spectral approaches are
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Apoptosis Solutions
Apoptosis is a regulated, generally non-lytic cell-death pathway that removes unwanted, damaged, infected, or abnormal cells through coordinated morphological changes, caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane remodeling. The intrinsic apoptosis pathway is controlled mainly by mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, BCL-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, apoptosome formation, caspase-9 activation, and downstream executioner caspase-3/7 activation. The extrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by death receptors such as Fas, TNFR, and TRAIL receptors, which recruit adaptor proteins and activate caspase-8 before engaging executioner caspases or mitochondrial amplification through BID cleavage. Apoptosis is linked to many phenotypes, including cancer cell killing, tissue homeostasis, immune regulation, neurodegeneration, infection response, and treatment-induced cytotoxicity; unresolved questions include how apoptosis interacts with necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptos
純度とドキュメンテーション
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データシート (277 KB)
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取扱説明書 (2659 KB)
参考文献
[1]. Hu X, et al. Apoptosis induced in rats by 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide is associated with activation of the caspase cascades. Biol Reprod. 2001 Jul;65(1):87-93. [Content Brief]
[2]. Song W, et al. 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide induces apoptosis by excessive reactive oxygen species and DNA damage in human ovarian granulosa cells. Toxicol In Vitro. 2023 Sep;91:105613. [Content Brief]
[3]. Cao LB, et al. Hormone-Like Effects of 4-Vinylcyclohexene Diepoxide on Follicular Development. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Jul 31;8:587. [Content Brief]
[4]. Miao Y, et al. Effects of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide on the cell cycle, apoptosis, and steroid hormone secretion of goat ovarian granulosa cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim. 2022 Mar;58(3):220-231. [Content Brief]
[5]. Kao SW, et al. Early effects of ovotoxicity induced by 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide in rats and mice. Reprod Toxicol. 1999 Jan-Feb;13(1):67-75. [Content Brief]
[6]. Adedara IA, et al. 4-Vinylcyclohexene diepoxide disrupts sperm characteristics, endocrine balance and redox status in testes and epididymis of rats. Redox Rep. 2017 Nov;22(6):388-398. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO | 1 mM | 7.1337 mL | 35.6684 mL | 71.3369 mL | 178.3421 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.4267 mL | 7.1337 mL | 14.2674 mL | 35.6684 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7134 mL | 3.5668 mL | 7.1337 mL | 17.8342 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.4756 mL | 2.3779 mL | 4.7558 mL | 11.8895 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.3567 mL | 1.7834 mL | 3.5668 mL | 8.9171 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.2853 mL | 1.4267 mL | 2.8535 mL | 7.1337 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.2378 mL | 1.1889 mL | 2.3779 mL | 5.9447 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1783 mL | 0.8917 mL | 1.7834 mL | 4.4586 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.1427 mL | 0.7134 mL | 1.4267 mL | 3.5668 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.1189 mL | 0.5945 mL | 1.1889 mL | 2.9724 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0892 mL | 0.4459 mL | 0.8917 mL | 2.2293 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0713 mL | 0.3567 mL | 0.7134 mL | 1.7834 mL |
4-Vinylcyclohexene dioxide 関連分類
HY-106591A 関連分類
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