Lipids

DPPC (129Y83) is a phosphoglyceride that can be used to prepare lipid monolayers, bilayers, and liposomes. DPPC is the main lipid component of pulmonary surfactant. Dppc-liposome can be effectively used as a delivery vector to induce an immune response against GSL antigen in mice.

1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC (POPC), a phospholipid, is a major component of biological membranes. 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-PC is used for the preparation of liposomes and studying the properties of lipid bilayers.

Lecithin is regarded as a safe, conventional phospholipid source. Phospholipids are reported to alter the fatty acid composition and microstructure of the membranes in animal cells.

1-Palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (16:0 Lyso PC) is an abundant lysophosphatidylcholine. 1-Palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine exhibits proinflammatory activity. 1-Palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine can be used in the study of atherosclerosis.

Triolein is a symmetric triacylglycerol that reduces upregulation of MMP-1 and has strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

3-Hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid is a short-chain carboxylic acid and a normal urinary metabolite produced via isoleucine catabolism, fatty acid β-oxidation and ketogenesis. 3-Hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid exists as an acylated residue in resin glycosides derived from plants of the Ipomoea genus. 3-Hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid can be used in studies related to β-ketothiolase deficiency.

10-Oxooctadecanoic acid is an oxo fatty acid that can be isolated from mature adipocere in human remains that have been deceased for 6 months. 10-Oxooctadecanoic acid, together with monohydroxy fatty acids, promotes the enhancement and stabilization of adipocere formation.

Canola oil is an orally effective adipogenesis inhibitor and gut microbiota modulator. Canola oil inhibits the expression of PPARγ, SREBP1, SREBP2, Insig1 and Insig2, and increases the phosphorylation level of the AMPK pathway. Canola oil inhibits adipogenesis and reshapes gut microbiota in mice to ameliorate obesity. Canola oil can be used in obesity-related research.

Trilaurin is an orally active triglyceride. Trilaurin inhibits DMBA-induced, croton oil-promoted skin tumor formation in Swiss Webster mice. Trilaurin increases plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I concentrations. Trilaurin is used as an occlusive skin conditioning agent and/or non-aqueous thickener in cosmetics.

1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamine (DSPE) is a phosphoethanolamine (PE) lipid that can be used in the synthesis of liposomes.

Retinyl palmitate is an ester of Retinol and is the major form of vitamin A found in the epidermis. Retinyl palmitate has been widely used in researches of pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations.

Methyl linolenate is a polyunsaturated fattly acid (PUFA). Methyl linolenate has an anti-melanogenesis activity with an IC₅₀ of 60 μM. Methyl linolenate can also be used for studies of the mechanisms and prevention of oxidation/peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids.

2-Oleoylglycerol (2-OG) is a lipid found in the diet. It is a GPR119 agonist, with an EC₅₀ value of 2.5 μM in activating hGPR119 in transiently transfected COS-7 cells. 2-Oleoylglycerol enhances the inflammatory response of macrophages and promotes fibrosis by activating the GPR119/TAK1/NF-κB/TGF-β1 signaling pathway. It also stimulates glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion in vivo. 2-Oleoylglycerol is expected to be used in the research of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) .

Methyl palmitoleate ((Z)-Methyl hexadec-9-enoate), a fatty acid methyl ester, is an analogue of Palmitoleate with cytoprotective and growth-promoting properties.

11-cis-Vaccenyl acetate is male-specific lipid that mediates aggregation behavior in both male and female flies, which activates a few dozen olfactory neurons located in T1 sensilla on the antenna of both male and female flies.

1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine is a phospholipid that is a major component of the lipid bilayer that surrounds cells and provides stability to the membrane.

Ethyl linoleate (Linoleic Acid ethyl ester) is an orally active unsaturated fatty acid. Ethyl linoleate inhibits the Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway and the activation of NF-κB. Ethyl linoleate induces heme oxygenase-1 and inhibits tyrosinase. Ethyl linoleate has whitening and anti-inflammatory effects. Ethyl linoleate promotes compound absorption. Ethyl linoleate has a significant influence on atherosclerosis. Ethyl linoleate is used in the research of inflammatory diseases. Ethyl linoleate can be used in cosmetics

Globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb3) inhibits the growth of fibroblasts, as well as their differentiation into myofibroblasts, and collagen expression. Globotriaosylsphingosine can be used for Fabry disease research.

1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycerol (DSG) is a glyceride compound. 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycerol can be used as an internal standard for the analysis of molecular species of diacylglycerol (DAG) and other phospholipids in rat brain.

Methyl linoleate, a major active constituent of Sageretia thea fruit (HFSF), is a major anti-melanogenic compound. Methyl linoleate downregulates microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase-related proteins.