Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Pers.

Boldine is an apomorphine isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the root of the pheasant pepper (Litsea cubeba). Boldine is an oral effective antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor agent, and can inhibit osteoclast formation. Boldine induces apoptosis of human bladder cancer cells by regulating ERK, AKT and GSK-3β. Boldine ameliorates bone destruction by down-regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling pathway. It can be used in rheumatoid arthritis research.

Geranic acid (Geranate) acts as a tyrosinase inhibitor and antifungal agent, with an IC₅₀ value of 0.14-2.3 mM against mushroom tyrosinase. Geranic acid reduces the viability of human pancreatic cancer cells and B-lymphoma cells. Geranic acid inhibits mycelial growth of the maize pathogens Colletotrichum graminicola and Fusarium graminearum. Geranic acid is applicable to research related to fungal infections, pancreatic cancer and B-lymphoma.

Boldine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Boldine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Boldine is an aporphine isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the root of Litsea cubeba and also possesses these properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Boldine suppresses osteoclastogenesis, improves bone destruction by down-regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signal pathway and may be a potential therapeutic agent for rheumatoid arthritis.