Serotonin hydrochloride
Based on 35 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine) hydrochloride is a monoamine neurotransmitter in the CNS and an endogenous 5-HT receptor agonist, with blood-brain barrier permeability. Serotonin hydrochloride is also a catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor with a Ki of 44 μM.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.97%
- CAS No.: 153-98-0
- Formula: C10H13ClN2O
- Molecular Weight:212.68
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Storage:
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Protocol
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Serotonin hydrochloride
More- Nature. 2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. [Abstract]
- Immunity. 2025 Sep 9;58(9):2320-2335.e9. [Abstract]
- Cell Res. 2026 Apr;36(4):286-299. [Abstract]
- Cell Stem Cell. 2025 Mar 20:S1934-5909(25)00084-0. [Abstract]
- Nat Commun. 2025 Dec 18;16(1):11196. [Abstract]
- J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2024 Oct 10;43(1):284. [Abstract]
- Small. 2026 Mar;22(14):e11914. [Abstract]
- Cell Rep Med. 2026 Jan 20;7(1):102537. [Abstract]
- J Immunother Cancer. 2021 Jul;9(7):e002383. [Abstract]
- Acta Biomater. 2026 Mar:213:214-232. [Abstract]
- Food Res Int. 2025 Aug:214:116675. [Abstract]
- Curr Res Food Sci. 2024 Apr 26:8:100754. [Abstract]
- Neurosci Bull. 2025 Jul;41(7):1229-1245. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2025 Nov 19;28(12):114120. [Abstract]
- iScience. 2025 Jun 18;28(7):112931. [Abstract]
- J Food Meas Charact. 2026 Jan 30.
- J Dent Sci. 2025 Oct;20(4):2363-2374. [Abstract]
- Fitoterapia. 2026 Apr:190:107182. [Abstract]
- Behav Brain Res. 2025 May 7:115620. [Abstract]
- Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2025 Sep 19:785:152676. [Abstract]
- Indian J Ophthalmol. 2026 Feb 1;74(2):250-258. [Abstract]
- SSRN. 2026 Jun 16.
- SSRN. 2026 Apr 13.
- bioRxiv. 2026 Mar 19:2026.03.17.712426. [Abstract]
- SSRN. 2026 Mar 6.
- bioRxiv. 2026 Mar 30.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Oct 14.
- bioRxiv. 2025 Sep 28.
- SSRN. 2025 Apr 24.
- bioRxiv. 2024 November 03.
- bioRxiv. 2024 November 03.
- Res Sq. 2024 Jun 11.
- Research Square Preprint. 2023 Dec 28.
- bioRxiv. 2023 Oct 13.
- Authorea. September 19, 2022.
Customer Validation & Images
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Cell Migration/Invasion Assay
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ELISA
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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RT-PCR
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WB
All 5-HT Receptor Isoforms
MoreAll Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms
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Biological Activity
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Human Endogenous Metabolite |
Microbial Metabolite |
serotonin |
Serotonin hydrochloride is a monoamine neurotransmitter in the CNS and an endogenous 5-HT receptor agonist. Serotonin hydrochloride also inhibits catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme that contributes to modultion the perception of pain, via non-competitive binding to the site bound by catechol substrates with a binding affinity comparable to the binding affinity of catechol itself (Ki= 44 μM). Results show that addition of 100 μM of Serotonin hydrochloride decreases the reaction velocity of COMT[1].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Due to the chemical structure of serotonin hydrochloride may prevent it from crossing the blood-brain barrier, but serotonin hydrochloride may utilize serotonin transport proteins to cross the endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
| NCT Number | Sponsor | Condition | Start Date |
Phase
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01329991 | Plexxikon| | 2011-05 | PHASE1 |
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 153-98-0
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 212.68
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Formula C10H13ClN2O
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Color Off-white to light brown
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SMILES
OC1=CC2=C(NC=C2CCN)C=C1.[H]Cl
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Synonyms
5-Hydroxytryptamine hydrochloride; 5-HT hydrochloride
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
4°C, sealed storage, away from moisture and light
* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Publications (35)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Nature
2025 Jul;643(8070):192-200. PMID: 39695227 -
Immunity
Spatiotemporal dynamics of CXCL10 encode contextual immune information revealed by the genetically encoded fluorescent sensor. [Abstract]2025 Sep 9;58(9):2320-2335.e9. PMID: 40818452 -
Cell Res
Light sensing enhances thermotolerance and competitive fitness via serotonergic signaling in an eyeless organism. [Abstract]2026 Apr;36(4):286-299. PMID: 41764323 -
Cell Stem Cell
Vagal pathway activation links chronic stress to decline in intestinal stem cell function. [Abstract]2025 Mar 20:S1934-5909(25)00084-0. PMID: 40120585 -
Nat Commun
2025 Dec 18;16(1):11196. PMID: 41413037 -
J Exp Clin Cancer Res
Mechanisms of neural infiltration-mediated tumor metabolic reprogramming impacting immunotherapy efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer. [Abstract]2024 Oct 10;43(1):284. PMID: 39385213 -
Small
Acupuncture Mechanics, Stimulation, and Cellular Serotonin Detection by a Magneto-Responsive Nanomesh Sensor. [Abstract]2026 Mar;22(14):e11914. PMID: 41537659 -
Cell Rep Med
5-HT reuptake blockade induces pyroptosis in BRAFV600E-mutated melanomas via remodeling histone serotonylation. [Abstract]2026 Jan 20;7(1):102537. PMID: 41494533 -
J Immunother Cancer
GCH1 induces immunosuppression through metabolic reprogramming and IDO1 upregulation in triple-negative breast cancer. [Abstract]2021 Jul;9(7):e002383. PMID: 34281987
Serotonin hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Immunother Cancer. 2021 Jul;9(7):e002383. [Abstract]
Relative IDO1 transcription levels detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis in BT549 cells treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4, 10 µM), 5-HTP (500 µM), serotonin (10 µM), NAS (100 µM), and melatonin (1 µM) for 24 hours.
Serotonin hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Immunother Cancer. 2021 Jul;9(7):e002383. [Abstract]
Relative IDO1 levels detected by western blot in BT549 cells treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4, 10 µM), 5-HTP (500 µM), serotonin (10 µM), NAS (100 µM), and melatonin (1 µM) for 24 hours.
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Acta Biomater
Sequential dual-drug delivery biomimetic hydrogel for temporal orchestration of acute neuroprotection and chronic regeneration in spinal cord injury. [Abstract]2026 Mar:213:214-232. PMID: 41654155 -
Food Res Int
Polysaccharide from Aloe vera gel improves intestinal stem cells dysfunction to alleviate intestinal barrier damage via 5-HT. [Abstract]2025 Aug:214:116675. PMID: 40467243 -
Curr Res Food Sci
2024 Apr 26:8:100754. PMID: 38736909
Serotonin hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Curr Res Food Sci. 2024 Apr 26:8:100754. [Abstract]
Dose-response and time course of cell viability after in vitro administration of 5-HT(Serotonin);
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Neurosci Bull
Targeting 5-HT to Alleviate Dose-Limiting Neurotoxicity in Nab-Paclitaxel-Based Chemotherapy. [Abstract]2025 Jul;41(7):1229-1245. PMID: 40369268 -
iScience
2025 Nov 19;28(12):114120. PMID: 41438086
Serotonin hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: iScience. 2025 Nov 19;28(12):114120. [Abstract]
Scratch tests were used to observe the migration ability of MLE-12 cells treated with 5-HT (Serotonin, 10 μM) for 24 h.
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iScience
Deficiency of Rab26 causes behavioral defects in mice through impaired trafficking of serotonin (5-HT) transporter. [Abstract]2025 Jun 18;28(7):112931. PMID: 40687824
Serotonin hydrochloride purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: iScience. 2025 Jun 18;28(7):112931. [Abstract]
SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 10 μM Serotonin (5-HT), then the intracellular 5-HT was detected through ELISA assay for 0, 60, 120 min.
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J Dent Sci
Serotonin promotes lip sensory recovery after inferior alveolar nerve transection via histone serotonylation. [Abstract]2025 Oct;20(4):2363-2374. PMID: 41040553 -
Fitoterapia
The stem-derived bioactive fraction of Syringa oblata Lindl. Ameliorates insomnia via cAMP signaling-mediated regulation of neurotransmission, oxidative stress, and inflammation: A multi-omics study. [Abstract]2026 Apr:190:107182. PMID: 41861857 -
Behav Brain Res
Serotonin mitigates depression in a rotenone-induced mouse Parkinson's disease model by inhibiting hippocampal neuronal pyroptosis and neuroinflammation. [Abstract]2025 May 7:115620. PMID: 40345554 -
Biochem Biophys Res Commun
Glucose transports in the ileum: mechanism, regulation and physiological role of ileal glucose absorption. [Abstract]2025 Sep 19:785:152676. PMID: 41005286 -
Indian J Ophthalmol
Ranitidine protects Müller cells against ferroptosis in diabetic retinopathy by regulating the AKT1/GSK3β pathway. [Abstract]2026 Feb 1;74(2):250-258. PMID: 41581041 -
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bioRxiv
2026 Mar 19:2026.03.17.712426. PMID: 41890023 -
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Solvent & Solubility
DMSO : 100 mg/mL (470.19 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)
H2O : 100 mg/mL (470.19 mM; Need ultrasonic)
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.
- For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
- To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
- The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (9.78 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.
Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)
Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (9.78 mM); Clear solution
This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).
Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.
Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.
Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:
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Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL
This product has good water solubility, please refer to the measured solubility data in water/PBS/Saline for details.
Protocol
For macrophage culture, peritoneal cavity cells are collected from WT and IL-13-/- mice with or without dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment and cultured. Cells are plated at a concentration of 3.0×106 cells per millilitre, and treated with either lipopolysaccharides (LPS); (100 ng/mL) or Serotonin hydrochloride (10-10 M) for 24 hours. The culture supernatant are collected and stored in -80°C until determination of cytokine levels using protein array system[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) colitis is induced by orally administering 5% DSS in drinking water for 5 days. In a separate experiment, IL-13-/- mice are injected subcutaneously with 100 mg/kg of Serotonin hydrochloride (5-HTP) twice daily for 8 days beginning 3 days prior to induction of DSS colitis; whereas, the control IL-13-/- mice receive saline as vehicle. Animals are anaesthetized prior to euthanization via cervical dislocation at the conclusion of each experiment or if they reach a predetermined end point (ie, loss of ≥20% body weight and/or significant deterioration of body condition)[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (277 KB)
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SDS (644 KB)
- English - EN (644 KB)
- Français - FR (644 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (644 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (644 KB)
- Español - ES (644 KB)
- Swedish - SV (644 KB)
- Italian - IT (644 KB)
- Korean - KR (644 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (644 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
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| DMSO / H2O | 1 mM | 4.7019 mL | 23.5095 mL | 47.0190 mL | 117.5475 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.9404 mL | 4.7019 mL | 9.4038 mL | 23.5095 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4702 mL | 2.3509 mL | 4.7019 mL | 11.7547 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.3135 mL | 1.5673 mL | 3.1346 mL | 7.8365 mL | |
| 20 mM | 0.2351 mL | 1.1755 mL | 2.3509 mL | 5.8774 mL | |
| 25 mM | 0.1881 mL | 0.9404 mL | 1.8808 mL | 4.7019 mL | |
| 30 mM | 0.1567 mL | 0.7836 mL | 1.5673 mL | 3.9182 mL | |
| 40 mM | 0.1175 mL | 0.5877 mL | 1.1755 mL | 2.9387 mL | |
| 50 mM | 0.0940 mL | 0.4702 mL | 0.9404 mL | 2.3509 mL | |
| 60 mM | 0.0784 mL | 0.3918 mL | 0.7836 mL | 1.9591 mL | |
| 80 mM | 0.0588 mL | 0.2939 mL | 0.5877 mL | 1.4693 mL | |
| 100 mM | 0.0470 mL | 0.2351 mL | 0.4702 mL | 1.1755 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
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