2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-17422A
    Acyclovir sodium
    		Inducer 99.82%
    Acyclovir (Aciclovir) sodium is a potent, orally active antiviral agent. Acyclovir sodium has antiherpetic activity with IC50 values of 0.85 μM and 0.86 μM for HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively. Acyclovir sodium induces cell cycle perturbation and apoptosis. Acyclovir sodium prevents bacterial infections during induction therapy for acute leukaemia.
    Acyclovir sodium
  • HY-109169C
    Bomedemstat dihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.55%
    Bomedemstat (IMG-7289) dihydrochloride is an orally active and irreversible lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitor. Bomedemstat dihydrochloride can increase H3K4 and H3K9 methylation, and then alter gene expression. Bomedemstat dihydrochloride shows anti-cancer activities, inhibits cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis.
    Bomedemstat dihydrochloride
  • HY-19706
    ARS-853
    		Inducer 98.39%
    ARS-853 is a cell-active, selective, covalent KRAS G12C inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.5 μM. ARS-853 inhibits mutant KRAS-driven signaling by binding to the GDP-bound oncoprotein and preventing activation.
    ARS-853
  • HY-P0119A
    Lixisenatide acetate
    		Inhibitor 99.11%
    Lixisenatide acetate is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. Lixisenatide acetate inhibits the inflammatory response through down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and suppresses of the Akt-MEK1/2 signaling pathway. Lixisenatide acetate can inhibit oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Lixisenatide acetate can be used for the researches of inflammation, metabolic disease, neurological disease and cardiovascular disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis.
    Lixisenatide acetate
  • HY-P0118
    Disitertide
    		Inducer 98.03%
    Disitertide (P144) is a peptidic transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) inhibitor specifically designed to block the interaction with its receptor. Disitertide (P144) is also a PI3K inhibitor and an apoptosis inducer.
    Disitertide
  • HY-176083
    ASTX295
    		Inducer 99.81%
    ASTX295 is an orally active and selective MDM2 antagonist with an IC50 of <1 nM. ASTX295 inhibits the MDM2-p53 interaction, activates wild-type TP53, and thereby induces the expression of relevant transcriptional targets, leading to cell death. ASTX295 drives the transition of pancreatic cancer cells from senescence to apoptosis and regulates p53 and DNA damage biomarkers. ASTX295 can be used for the research of hematologic malignancies and pancreatic cancer.
    ASTX295
  • HY-109039
    Praliciguat
    		Inhibitor 99.35%
    Praliciguat (IW-1973) is a potent and orally active soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activator. Praliciguat can increases cGMP via the nitric oxide (NO)-sGC pathway. Praliciguat can inhibit the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and inhibit apoptosis. Praliciguat can promote vasodilation. Praliciguat can be used for the researches of metabolic disease and cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension, diabetes and heart failure.
    Praliciguat
  • HY-12033S2
    2-Methoxyestradiol-d5
    		Inducer 98.67%
    2-Methoxyestradiol-d5 is the deuterium labeled 2-Methoxyestradiol. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2), an orally active endogenous metabolite of 17β-estradiol (E2), is an apoptosis inducer and an angiogenesis inhibitor with potent antineoplastic activity. 2-Methoxyestradiol also destablize microtubules. 2-Methoxyestradio, also a potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor and a ROS-generating agent, induces autophagy in the transformed cell line HEK293 and the cancer cell lines U87 and HeLa.
    2-Methoxyestradiol-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-163198
    ASCT2-IN-1
    		Inducer 98.21%
    ASCT2-IN-1 (compound 20k) is an ASCT2 inhibitor with IC50 values of 5.6 μM and 3.5 μM in cells A549 and HEK293, respectively. ASCT2-IN-1 induces cell apoptosis. ASCT2-IN-1 inhibits tumor growth.
    ASCT2-IN-1
  • HY-152147
    SZUH280
    		Inducer 99.38%
    SZUH280 is a potent and selective PROTAC HDAC8 degrader with a DC50 of 0.58 μM in A549 cells. SZUH280 induces cancer cell apoptosis. SZUH280 hampers DNA damage repair in cancer cells, promoting cellular radiosensitization.
    SZUH280
  • HY-12352A
    HJC0416 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 98.68%
    HJC0416 hydrochloride is a potent and orally active STAT3 inhibitor with an enhanced anticancer profile than Stattic (HY-13818). HJC0416 hydrochloride is a promising anti-cancer agent for breast cancer study.
    HJC0416 hydrochloride
  • HY-128914
    Tubulysin
    		Inducer 99.60%
    Tubulysin is a microtubule destabilizer that binds to the β-tubulin peptide site adjacent to the vinca alkaloid binding site and inhibits tubulin polymerization. Tubulysin induces apoptosis and exhibits antiproliferative activity against a variety of human cancer cells, including multidrug-resistant strains. Tubulysin can be conjugated to antibodies via a disulfide-containing quaternary ammonium linker for ADC synthesis. Tubulysin is applicable to tumor-related research.
    Tubulysin
  • HY-178164
    HBS-101
    		Inducer 99.59%
    HBS-101 is a selectively, orally active, brain-penetrant, Midkine (MDK) inhibitor (KD = 38.4 nM). HBS-101 significantly reduces cell viability, clonogenic survival, and invasiveness and increases apoptosis. HBS-101 involves suppression of the Akt/mTOR, STAT3, and NF-κB pathways. HBS-101 can be used for the study of Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
    HBS-101
  • HY-133146
    DJ001
    		Inhibitor 99.92%
    DJ001 is a highly specific, selective and non-competitive protein tyrosine phosphatase-σ (PTPσ) inhibitor with an IC50 of 1.43 μM. DJ001 displays no inhibitory activity against other phosphatases, with only modest inhibitory activity against Protein Phosphatase 5. DJ001 promotes promote hematopoietic stem cell regeneration.
    DJ001
  • HY-14519S
    Methotrexate-d3
    		Inducer 99.83%
    Methotrexate-d3 (Amethopterin-d3) is the deuterium labeled Methotrexate. Methotrexate (Amethopterin), an antimetabolite and antifolate agent, inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, thereby preventing the conversion of folic acid into tetrahydrofolate, and inhibiting DNA synthesis. Methotrexate, also an immunosuppressant and antineoplastic agent, is used for the research of rheumatoid arthritis and a number of different cancers (such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia).
    Methotrexate-d<sub>3</sub>
  • HY-101395A
    W146 TFA
    		Inducer 98.22%
    W146 TFA is a selective antagonist of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) with an EC50 value of 398 nM.
    W146 TFA
  • HY-135250B
    Thalidomide-4-O-C6-NH2 hydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.11%
    Thalidomide-4-O-C6-NH2 hydrochloride is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate used in the PROTAC dTAG-13, a degrader of FKBP12F36V and BET.
    Thalidomide-4-O-C6-NH2 hydrochloride
  • HY-136166
    Thalidomide-NH-PEG3-propionic acid
    		Inducer 99.63%
    Thalidomide-NH-PEG3-propionic acid is a synthesized E3 ligase ligand-linker conjugate that incorporates the Thalidomide based cereblon ligand and 3-unit PEG linker used in PROTAC technology.
    Thalidomide-NH-PEG3-propionic acid
  • HY-46531
    Thalidomide-5-NH2-CH2-COOH
    		Inducer
    Thalidomide-5-NH2-CH2-COOH (compound 114) is a potent and selective inhibitor of tropomyosin receptor kinase (trk). Thalidomide-5-NH2-CH2-COOH is a ligand of E3 ligase. Thalidomide-5-NH2-CH2-COOH has the potential for researching one or more diseases (extracted from patent WO2021170109A1).
    Thalidomide-5-NH2-CH2-COOH
  • HY-131969
    ASK1-IN-2
    		Inhibitor 99.37%
    ASK1-IN-2 is a potent and orally active inhibitor of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), with an IC50 of 32.8 nM. ASK1-IN-2 can be used for the research of ulcerative colitis.
    ASK1-IN-2
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity