Cat. No.: HY-50723

3-Methylxanthine

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Based on 1 Customer Validation

3-Methylxanthine is a blood-brain barrier-permeable cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor, with an IC₅₀ of 920 μM against guinea pig cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase. 3-Methylxanthine relaxes the spontaneous tension of isolated guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle preparations. Through a DRD1-dependent pathway, 3-Methylxanthine upregulates the expression of γH2AX and activated caspase-3, downregulates the expression of Bcl-2, and enhances Cisplatin-induced apoptosis (apoptosis) in ovarian cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. 3-Methylxanthine induces clonic convulsions in the central nervous system. 3-Methylxanthine is the major metabolite of Theophylline (HY-B0809). 3-Methylxanthine can be used in studies related to ovarian cancer and neurotoxic convulsions.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.45%
CAS No.: 1076-22-8
Formula: C₆H₆N₄O₂
Molecular Weight:166.14

Storage:

Powder -20°C, 3 years , 4°C, 2 years ; In solvent -80°C, 6 months , -20°C, 1 month

3-Methylxanthine Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 1076-22-8

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Top Publications Citing

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Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

IC₅₀ & Target^[2]

Caspase 3

Bcl-2

All Endogenous Metabolite Isoforms :

All Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Isoforms :

All Caspase Isoforms :

All Bcl-2 Family Isoforms :

In Vitro

3-Methylxanthine (15 min) inhibits purified cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase in guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle, with an IC₅₀ of 920 μM^[1].
3-Methylxanthine (2 mM; 24 h) upregulates the expression of DRD1 mRNA and protein in mouse ovarian cancer ID8 cells^[2].
3-Methylxanthine (2 mM; 24 h) sensitizes ID8 and SKOV3 cells to Cisplatin (HY-17394), synergistically inhibits cell proliferation, and induces apoptosis in a DRD1-dependent manner^[2].
Co-incubation with 3-Methylxanthine (2 mM; 24 h) enhances Cisplatin-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in ID8 and SKOV3 cells by upregulating the expression of γH2AX and activated caspase-3, and downregulating the expression of Bcl-2^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Cell Viability Assay^[2]

Cell Line:

ID8 cells, SKOV3 cells
Concentration:

2 mM (co-incubated with 20 µM cisplatin)
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Sensitized ID8 and SKOV3 cells to Cisplatin's growth inhibitory effects.
Reduced Cisplatin's IC₅₀ from 21.21 µM to 12.72 µM in ID8 cells.
Reduced Cisplatin's IC₅₀ from 37.5 µM to 25.42 µM in SKOV3 cells.
Synergistically reduced the percentage of EdU-positive cells in both ID8 and SKOV3 cells compared to Cisplatin alone.

Apoptosis Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:

ID8 cells, SKOV3 cells
Concentration:

2 mM (co-incubated with 20 µM Cisplatin)
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Did not induce apoptosis when used alone.
Synergistically increased the apoptosis rate in both ID8 and SKOV3 cells compared to Cisplatin alone.

Western Blot Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:

ID8 cells, SKOV3 cells
Concentration:

2 mM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Significantly increased γH2AX and cleaved caspase-3 protein expression compared to Cisplatin alone in both cell lines.
Decreased Bcl-2 protein expression compared to Cisplatin alone in both cell lines.
Left Bax protein expression unchanged compared to Cisplatin alone in both cell lines.

Real Time qPCR^[2]

Cell Line:

ID8 cells
Concentration:

2 mM
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Significantly upregulated DRD1 mRNA expression in ID8 cells compared to untreated controls.
Significantly upregulated DRD1 protein expression in ID8 cells compared to untreated controls.

Apoptosis Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:

DRD1-silenced murine ovarian cancer ID8 cells
Concentration:

2 mM
Incubation Time:

24 h (after 24 h siRNA transfection)
Result:

Significantly reduced the apoptosis rate in ID8 cells treated with the combination of 3-methylxanthine and cisplatin, compared to si-NC-transfected cells receiving the same treatment.

Apoptosis Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:

murine ovarian cancer ID8 cells treated with DRD1 antagonist SCH23390 (HY-19545)
Concentration:

2 mM (co-incubated with 100 µM SCH23390 and cisplatin)
Incubation Time:

24 h
Result:

Substantially attenuated the apoptosis induced by the combination of 3-methylxanthine and cisplatin in ID8 cells.

Western Blot Analysis^[2]

Cell Line:

DRD1-silenced murine ovarian cancer ID8 cells
Concentration:

2 mM
Incubation Time:

24 h (after 24 h siRNA transfection)
Result:

Significantly reduced γH2AX and cleaved caspase-3 expression in ID8 cells treated with the combination of 3-methylxanthine and cisplatin, compared to si-NC-transfected cells receiving the same treatment.
Increased Bcl-2 expression in ID8 cells treated with the combination of 3-methylxanthine and cisplatin, compared to si-NC-transfected cells receiving the same treatment.

In Vivo

3-Methylxanthine (10 mg/kg; i.p.; daily) significantly enhances the anticancer efficacy of Cisplatin in immunocompetent ovarian cancer-bearing C57BL/6 mice^[2].
3-Methylxanthine (10 mg/kg; i.p.; daily) significantly enhances Cisplatin-induced tumor regression and apoptosis in immunocompromised BALB/c-nu mice bearing ovarian cancer, and this effect is independent of an intact immune system^[2].
3-Methylxanthine (1107 nM/body; intracerebral administration; single injection) exhibits intrinsic convulsive activity in male ddY mice, with an ED₅₀ of 1107 nM/body^[3].
3-Methylxanthine (7.48 mM/kg; intravenous injection; constant-rate infusion until seizure onset or for 60 min) induces clonic seizures in male ddY mice^[3].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Model:

C57BL/6 (female, 6-8 weeks old, intraperitoneal implantation of luciferase-tagged ID8 murine ovarian cancer cells)^[2]
Dosage:

10 mg/kg
Administration:

i.p.; daily
Result:

Led to a significant reduction in tumor burden (measured by BLI total flux) at day 28 after tumor implantation when administered in combination with Cisplatin compared to Cisplatin alone.
Showed no significant tumor regression when used alone.

Animal Model:

BALB/c-nu (female, 6-8 weeks old, immunocompromised, subcutaneous implantation of luciferase-tagged ID8 murine ovarian cancer cells)^[2]
Dosage:

10 mg/kg
Administration:

i.p.; daily
Result:

Induced significant tumor regression (measured by tumor volume) when administered in combination with Cisplatin compared to cisplatin alone.
Increased apoptotic (TUNEL-positive) cells in tumor tissue from the combination group relative to the Cisplatin-only group.

Animal Model:

ddY (male, 5 weeks old, 20-30 g)^[3]
Dosage:

1107 nM/body
Administration:

intracerebral; single injection
Result:

Induced clonic convulsions in a dose-dependent manner.
Exhibited an ED₅₀ of 1107 nM/body with a slope factor of 1.41.
Showed smaller convulsive potency than theophylline.

Animal Model:

ddY (male, 20-30 g)^[3]
Dosage:

7.48 mM/kg
Administration:

i.v.; constant rate infusion until convulsion onset or 60 minutes
Result:

Induced clonic convulsions with an onset time of 24.5 minutes.
Reached a plasma concentration of 5.21 mM, brain concentration of 0.81 μM/g, and brain-to-plasma concentration ratio of 0.16 mL/g at convulsion onset.
Had no detectable metabolites in plasma or brain samples at convulsion onset.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 1076-22-8
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 166.14
Formula C₆H₆N₄O₂
Color White to khaki
SMILES

O=C1N(C)C2=C(N=CN2)C(N1)=O
Structure Classification
- Others
Initial Source
- Endogenous metabolite
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

Storage

Powder	-20°C	3 years
	4°C	2 years
In solvent	-80°C	6 months
	-20°C	1 month

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

1M NaOH : 50 mg/mL (300.95 mM; ultrasonic and adjust pH to 11 with 1M NaOH)

DMSO : 2 mg/mL (12.04 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

H₂O : < 0.1 mg/mL (insoluble)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

6.0190 mL

30.0951 mL

60.1902 mL

5 mM

1.2038 mL

6.0190 mL

12.0380 mL

10 mM

0.6019 mL

3.0095 mL

6.0190 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

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Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

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Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (319 KB)
SDS (393 KB)
- English - EN (393 KB)
- Français - FR (393 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (393 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (393 KB)
- Español - ES (393 KB)
- Swedish - SV (393 KB)
- Italian - IT (393 KB)
- Korean - KR (393 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (393 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Tanaka H, et al. Inhibition of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase by xanthine derivatives relaxes guinea-pig trachealis smooth muscle. Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology. 1991 Mar;18(3):163-8. [Content Brief]

[2]. Mai Z, et al. Gut-derived metabolite 3-methylxanthine enhances cisplatin-induced apoptosis via dopamine receptor D1 in a mouse model of ovarian cancer. mSystems. 2024 Jul 23;9(7):e0130123. [Content Brief]

[3]. Yamamoto K, et al. Neurotoxic convulsions induced by theophylline and its metabolites in mice. Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin. 1996 Jun;19(6):869-72. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month. When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO / 1M NaOH	1 mM	6.0190 mL	30.0951 mL	60.1902 mL	150.4755 mL
	5 mM	1.2038 mL	6.0190 mL	12.0380 mL	30.0951 mL
	10 mM	0.6019 mL	3.0095 mL	6.0190 mL	15.0476 mL
1M NaOH	15 mM	0.4013 mL	2.0063 mL	4.0127 mL	10.0317 mL
	20 mM	0.3010 mL	1.5048 mL	3.0095 mL	7.5238 mL
	25 mM	0.2408 mL	1.2038 mL	2.4076 mL	6.0190 mL
	30 mM	0.2006 mL	1.0032 mL	2.0063 mL	5.0159 mL
	40 mM	0.1505 mL	0.7524 mL	1.5048 mL	3.7619 mL
	50 mM	0.1204 mL	0.6019 mL	1.2038 mL	3.0095 mL
	60 mM	0.1003 mL	0.5016 mL	1.0032 mL	2.5079 mL
	80 mM	0.0752 mL	0.3762 mL	0.7524 mL	1.8809 mL
	100 mM	0.0602 mL	0.3010 mL	0.6019 mL	1.5048 mL

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