2. Signaling Pathways
  3. Apoptosis
  4. Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a distinctive form of cell death exhibiting specific morphological and biochemical characteristics, including cell membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, genomic DNA fragmentation, and exposure of specific phagocytosis signaling molecules on the cell surface. Cells undergoing apoptosis differ from those dying through necrosis. Necrotic cells are usually recognized by the immune system as a danger signal and, thus, resulting in inflammation; in contrast, apoptotic death is quiet and orderly.

There are two major pathways of apoptotic cell death induction: The intrinsic pathway, also called the Bcl-2-regulated or mitochondrial pathway, is activated by various developmental cues or cytotoxic insults, such as viral infection, DNA damage and growth-factor deprivation, and is strictly controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. The extrinsic or death-receptor pathway is triggered by ligation of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family, such as Fas or TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1)) that contain an intracellular death domain, which can recruit and activate caspase-8 through the adaptor protein Fas-associated death domain (FADD; also known as MORT1) at the cell surface. This recruitment causes subsequent activation of downstream (effector) caspases, such as caspase-3, -6 or -7, without any involvement of the BCL-2 family.

Studies suggest that alterations in cell survival contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Treatments designed to specifically alter the apoptotic threshold may have the potential to change the natural progression of some of these diseases.

Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-163697
    WEE1-IN-7
    		Inducer 99.70%
    WEE1-IN-7 (compound 12h) is a potent and orally activeWEE1 inhibitor with an IC50 value of 2.1 nM. WEE1-IN-7 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the S phase. WEE1-IN-7 shows antitumor activity.
    WEE1-IN-7
  • HY-135699A
    TD52 dihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.55%
    TD52 dihydrochloride, an Erlotinib (HY-50896) derivative, is an orally active, potent cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) inhibitor. TD52 dihydrochloride mediates the apoptotic effect in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells via regulating the CIP2A/PP2A/p-Akt signalling pathway. TD52 dihydrochloride indirectly reduced CIP2A by disturbing Elk1 binding to the CIP2A promoter. TD52 dihydrochloride has less p-EGFR inhibition and has potent anti-cancer activity. TD52 (dihydrochloride) is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Alkyne group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAc) with molecules containing Azide groups.
    TD52 dihydrochloride
  • HY-114275
    Justicidin B
    		Inducer 99.75%
    Justicidin B is a potent anticancer lignan and proapoptotic agent. Justicidin B is also a bone resorption inhibitor, and has strong antiviral, fungicidal, antiprotozoal effects. Justicidin B significantly inhibits platelet aggregation.
    Justicidin B
  • HY-N0305S1
    5-Aminolevulinic acid-d2 hydrochloride
    		Inducer
    5-Aminolevulinic acid-d2 (hydrochloride) is deuterium labeled 5-Aminolevulinic acid (hydrochloride).
    5-Aminolevulinic acid-d<sub>2</sub> hydrochloride
  • HY-120275
    CYD-2-11
    		Inducer 98.05%
    CYD-2-11 is a selective Bax agonist with a Ki value of 34.1 nM. CYD-2-11 induces cell apoptosis and shows antiproliferative activity to breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 values of 3.22 and 3.81 μM, respectively. CYD-2-11 suppresses tumor growth in MDA-MB-231 tumor models. CYD-2-11 can be used for the research of breast and lung cancer.
    CYD-2-11
  • HY-103691A
    ARN5187 trihydrochloride
    		Inducer 99.54%
    ARN5187 trihydrochloride is a lysosomotropic REV-ERBβ ligand with a dual inhibitory activity toward REV-ERB-mediated transcriptional regulation and autophagy. ARN5187 trihydrochloride shows lysosomotropic potency and cytotoxicity. ARN5187 trihydrochloride induces apoptosis.
    ARN5187 trihydrochloride
  • HY-N2618
    3-​O-​Acetyloleanolic acid
    		Activator 99.84%
    3-O-Acetyloleanolic acid (3AOA), an oleanolic acid derivative isolated from the seeds of Vigna sinensis K., induces in cancer and also exhibits anti-angiogenesis activity.
    3-​O-​Acetyloleanolic acid
  • HY-N6861
    Lucidenic acid B
    		Activator 99.85%
    Lucidenic acid B is a natural compound isolated from Ganoderma lucidum, induces apoptosis of cancer cells, and causes the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and cleavage of PARP. Lucidenic acid B does not affect the cell cycle profile, or the number of necrotic cells.
    Lucidenic acid B
  • HY-111329
    JGB1741
    		Inducer 99.37%
    JGB1741 (ILS-JGB-1741) is a potent and specific SIRT1 activity inhibitor with an IC50 of ∼15 μM. JGB1741 is a weak SIRT2 and SIRT3 inhibitor with an all IC50>100 μM. JGB1741 increases the acetylated p53 levels leading to p53-mediated apoptosis with modulation of Bax/Bcl2 ratio, cytochrome c release and PARP cleavage. JGB1741 has the potential for breast cancer research.
    JGB1741
  • HY-N0053R
    Psoralen (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Psoralen (Standard) is the analytical standard of Psoralen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Psoralen (Ficusin) is a coumarin isolated from the seeds of Fructus Psoraleae. Psoralen exhibits a wide range of biological properties, including anti-cancer, antioxidant, antidepressant, anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral, et al.
    Psoralen (Standard)
  • HY-172262
    WEHI-3773
    		Modulator 99.89%
    WEHI-3773 is a VDAC2 ligand and apoptosis modulator. WEHI-3773 directly binds to the β7-β10 region of VDAC2 and disrupts its interaction with BAX and BAK. WEHI-3773 regulates BAX-mediated apoptosis in BAK-deficient cells by modulating conformational activation of BAX, mitochondrial redistribution, and cytochrome c release. WEHI-3773 overcomes Venetoclax (HY-15531) resistance, resensitizes leukemia cells carrying BAX mutations to BH3 mimetics, and enables long-term clonogenic survival of BAK-deficient cells treated with BH3 mimetics. WEHI-3773 is applicable to research related to acute myeloid leukemia.
    WEHI-3773
  • HY-N9942
    Physalin A
    		Inducer 99.63%
    Physalin A is a biologically active withanolide. Physalin A shows anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic and ameliorative effects on autophagy in models of disc degeneration. Physalin A has antitumor activity and can induce apoptosis, ROS production and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Besides. Physalin A can significantly increase the activity of quinone reductase and increase the expression of detoxifying enzymesc.
    Physalin A
  • HY-W004284R
    Heptadecanoic acid (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Heptadecanoic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Heptadecanoic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Heptadecanoic acid is an odd-chain saturated fatty acid (OCS-FA) with oral activity. Heptadecanoic acid can inhibit cell proliferation and induce Apoptosis. Heptadecanoic acid has antitumor activity. Heptadecanoic acid is associated with a number of diseases, including coronary heart disease, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis[1].
    Heptadecanoic acid (Standard)
  • HY-W008646R
    7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin (Standard)
    		Inducer
    NADH (disodium salt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of NADH (disodium salt). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin is a NOS uncoupling inducer with blood-brain barrier permeability, and it is a reduced non-conjugated pteridine. 7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin is the main metabolite of 4-amino-tetrahydro-L-biopterin, and it undergoes photooxidation to form biopterin. 7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin promotes the conversion of nitric oxide synthase to a superoxide-producing form, thereby increasing oxidative stress levels in the renal outer medulla and inducing apoptosis. 7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin is sensitive to the inhibitory effect of SOD, and it can be applied to research related to salt-sensitive hypertension, moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases.
    7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin (Standard)
  • HY-N0076R
    Bilobalide (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Bilobalide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bilobalide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bilobalide, a sesquiterpene trilactone constituent of Ginkgo biloba, inhibits the NMDA-induced efflux of choline with an IC50 value of 2.3 μM. Bilobalide prevents apoptosis through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in SH-SY5Y cells. Exerts protective and trophic effects on neurons.
    Bilobalide (Standard)
  • HY-B1272AS
    Desipramine-d4
    		98.93%
    Desipramine-d4 is the deuterium labeled Desipramine (HY-B1272A). Desipramine is a first-generation tricyclic antidepressant. Desipramine selectively binds to norepinephrine transporter and blocks neuronal norepinephrine reuptake. Desipramine activates MAPK signaling via ERK1/2, JNK, and p38, represses NF-κB and AP-1 activity, and induces apoptosis via ROS elevation, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, and intracellular calcium increase. Desipramine also shows anyi-inflammatory activity, inhibiting TNF-α production. Desipramine can be used for the research of hepatocellular cancer, inflammation, and neurological diseases.
    Desipramine-d<sub>4</sub>
  • HY-10181R
    Dasatinib (Standard)
    		Inducer
    Dasatinib (Standard) is the analytical standard of Dasatinib. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Dasatinib (BMS-354825) is a highly potent, ATP competitive, orally active dual Src/Bcr-Abl inhibitor with potent antitumor activity. The Kis are 16 pM and 30 pM for Src and Bcr-Abl, respectively. Dasatinib inhibits Bcr-Abl and Src with IC50s of <1.0 nM and 0.5 nM, respectively. Dasatinib also induces apoptosis and autophagy.
    Dasatinib (Standard)
  • HY-N4302
    Monensin
    		Inducer 98.07%
    Monensin (Monensin A), an orally active antibiotic, is an ionophore that mediates Na+/H+ exchange. Monensin is a potent Wnt signaling inhibitor. Monensin causes a marked enlargement of the multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and regulates exosome secretion. Monensin can be used for bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections research, and shows anticancer effects.
    Monensin
  • HY-110315
    Ischemin sodium
    		Inhibitor 99.32%
    Ischemin sodium is a CBP bromodomain inhibitor that inhibits p53 interaction with CBP and transcriptional activity in cells. Ischemin sodium salt inhibits p53-induced p21 activation with an IC50 value of 5 µM. Ischemin sodium salt also prevents apoptosis in ischemic cardiomyocytes. Ischemin sodium salt can be used in the study of cardiovascular diseases (such as myocardial ischemia).
    Ischemin sodium
  • HY-B1461
    Deoxyarbutin
    		Inducer 99.92%
    Deoxyarbutin is an orally active tyrosinase inhibitor that can promote apoptosis of melanoma cells, enhance the vitality of mouse acinar cells, and has skin whitening and anti-tumor activity[1][2][3].
    Deoxyarbutin
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity