Glycosidase Substrate

UDP-GalNAz (UDP-N-azidoacetylgalactosamine) disodium is the analogue of UDP-GalNAc disodium (HY-114365). UDP-GalNAc disodium is the donor substrate of many N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases, enzymes which transfer GalNAc from the nucleotide sugar to a saccharide or peptide acceptor. UDP-GalNAz disodium is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. It can also undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.

5-Bromo-3-indolyl β-D-galactopyranoside (Bluo-Gal) is a chromogenic substrate for β-galactosidase. 5-Bromo-3-indolyl β-D-galactopyranoside is hydrolyzed by the enzyme to generate a 5-bromoindole intermediate, which is further oxidized to form an insoluble blue precipitate. 5-Bromo-3-indolyl β-D-galactopyranoside can specifically recognize bacterial β-galactosidases (such as the product of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene) and reacts at pH 7.4, making it suitable for light and electron microscopic observations. 5-Bromo-3-indolyl β-D-galactopyranoside can be used in histochemical detection of reporter gene expression in transgenic organisms, such as the localization analysis of β-galactosidase activity in mouse embryos or muscle tissues.

Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked together. Maltose is an endogenous metabolic product in plants, yeast, or bacteria, and it participates in carbon source storage and metabolism. Maltose is a key core metabolite and main transport form in the temporary starch degradation, carbon output, and subsequent sucrose synthesis metabolism of the night chloroplast. In X. dendrorhous, maltose can act as a sugar donor and is converted into isomaltulose by α-glucosidase). Maltose can act as a osmotic agent, supporting continuous capillary ultrafiltration and preventing severe metabolic disorders.

UDP-GlcNAz disodium is the analogue of UDP-GlcNAc disodium (HY-112174). UDP-GlcNAc disodium is the donor substrate of many N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases, enzymes which transfer GlcNAc from the nucleotide sugar to a saccharide or peptide acceptor. UDP-GlcNAc disodium is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. It can also undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.

Hexa-N-acetylchitohexaose is an inducer of disease resistance in crop plants, which could elicit an increase of lignification-related and antioxidative enzymes in soybean plants. Hexa-N-acetylchitohexaose is a substrate of lysozyme. Hexa-N-acetylchitohexaose shows antitumor effect.

4-Nitrophenyl β-D-Cellobioside (p-Nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside) is a cellotriose analog. 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-Cellobioside is hydrolyzed by β-glucosidases such as TxGH116 and ThCel7B. 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-Cellobioside can also be hydrolyzed by exoglucanases and endoglucanases to produce p-nitrophenol (PNP). 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-Cellobioside can be used to detect cellulase activity.

1,4-b-D-Xylopentaose is a linear pentasaccharide composed of 5 β-D-xylose units linked via 1,4-glycosidic bonds, and serves as a specific substrate for barley α-L-arabinofuranosidase.

Maltose monohydrate is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked together. Maltose monohydrate is an endogenous metabolic product in plants, yeast, or bacteria, and it participates in carbon source storage and metabolism. Maltose monohydrate is a key core metabolite and main transport form in the temporary starch degradation, carbon output, and subsequent sucrose synthesis metabolism of the night chloroplast. In X. dendrorhous, maltose can act as a sugar donor and is converted into isomaltulose by α-glucosidase. Maltose monohydrate can act as a osmotic agent, supporting continuous capillary ultrafiltration and preventing severe metabolic disorders.

p-Nitrophenyl α-L-fucoside (PNP α-L-Fuc) is a specific substrate of Pecten maximus α-L-fucosidase, with a K_m value of 650 µM. p-Nitrophenyl α-L-fucoside serves as a substrate for ClAgl29A and ClAgl29B. Enzymatic hydrolysis of p-Nitrophenyl α-L-fucoside releases p-nitrophenol and α-L-fucose, where the latter undergoes mutarotation over time to form β-L-fucose. p-Nitrophenyl α-L-fucoside is not the preferred substrate for ClAgl29A and ClAgl29B.

Erlose is a trisaccharide sucrose derivative and low-calorie sweetener synthesized from glucose and sucrose via an α-glucosidase-mediated transglycosylation reaction. Erlose is often used as a marker to identify whether honey is adulterated with artificial sucrose. Erlose has approximately half the sweetness of sucrose but a similar taste, and it effectively inhibits crystal formation and browning reactions during food heat treatment.

Linustatin is a cyanogenic glycoside compound. Linustatin serves as the natural substrate of the specific β-diglucosidase Linustatinase.

4-Aminophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside, 98% is a highly efficient substrate for β-galactosidase. It is specifically hydrolyzed by this enzyme to release galactose and electroactive p-aminophenol. 4-Aminophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside, 98% is widely used in colorimetric and electrochemical assays for detecting β-galactosidase activity and determining enzyme kinetics, such as in biosensing fields including cellular senescence, pathogen and contaminant detection. In addition, since β-galactosidase is often overexpressed in primary ovarian cancer, 4-Aminophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside, 98% can also be applied to related research on primary ovarian cancer.

Allyl α-D-galactopyranoside is an α-galactoside and acceptor/donor substrate for transgalactosylation reactions. Allyl α-D-galactopyranoside acts as an acceptor substrate in α-galactosidase-catalyzed transgalactosylation, and serves as a donor substrate to form longer α-galactosyl-containing oligosaccharides. Allyl α-D-galactopyranoside serves as a model compound for investigating the catalytic mechanism and substrate specificity of glycoside hydrolases and glycosyltransferases.

4-Nitrophenyl β-D-mannopyranoside is a useful substrate for β-D-mannopyranosidase. 4-Nitrophenyl β-D-mannopyranoside is also a substrate for GH1-glucosidase (EaBgl1A) and α-L-rhamnosidase.

p-Nitrophenyl β-D-lactoside is a substrate of β-lactosidase and can be used to determine β-lactosinase activity. p-Nitrophenyl β-D-lactoside is a substrate of cellobiohydrolase. p-Nitrophenyl β-D-lactoside is a class of biochemical reagents used in glycobiology research.

UDP-GlcNAz is the analogue of UDP-GlcNAc disodium (HY-112174). UDP-GlcNAc disodium is the donor substrate of many N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases, enzymes which transfer GlcNAc from the nucleotide sugar to a saccharide or peptide acceptor. UDP-GlcNAc disodium is a click chemistry reagent, it contains an Azide group and can undergo copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAc) with molecules containing Alkyne groups. It can also undergo strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reactions with molecules containing DBCO or BCN groups.

2-Methylbutyl β-D-glucopyranoside is a glycoside in apple fruit. 2-Methylbutyl β-D-glucopyranoside serves as an aroma precursor that can be enzymatically hydrolyzed to release volatile 2-methylbutanol. 2-Methylbutyl β-D-glucopyranoside is promising for research of food flavor chemistry.

NIR-BG2 is a fluorescent indicator targeting senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal). NIR-BG2 contains a hemicyanine fluorophore caged by SA-β-Gal; cleavage of its β-galactosyl group by SA-β-Gal generates an electrophilic quinone methide, which can form covalent bonds with adjacent proteins to achieve long-term signal retention. NIR-BG2 activates a near-infrared fluorescent signal upon recognition of SA-β-Gal. NIR-BG2 can be used for non-invasive in vivo imaging of cellular senescence in mouse xenograft models. The excitation/emission wavelengths are 675/708 nm.

HMRef-αMan is a substrate-based green fluorescent probe (Ex/Em=465 nm/515 nm) targeting MAN2C1 (α-mannosidase). HMRef-αMan can be specifically cleaved by MAN2C1 to generate a highly fluorescent product, which thus gets activated to produce green fluorescence in malignant breast tissues, benign lesions and living cancer cells. The signal intensity of HMRef-αMan is directly correlated with MAN2C1 activity, and it can effectively detect tiny breast cancer lesions with a diameter of less than 1 mm. When used in combination with the red-emitting γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) probe gGlu-2OMe SiR600 (HY-D3188), HMRef-αMan enables precise optical differentiation of breast tissue types via a dual-color imaging strategy. HMRef-αMan has been widely used in the research of breast diseases such as breast cancer, fibroadenoma, phyllodes tumor and various types of papilloma.

Phenyl-α-D-mannopyranoside is a Concanavalin A inhibitor. Phenyl-α-D-mannopyranoside blocks Histamine (HY-B1204) release induced by Concanavalin A (HY-P2149) . Phenyl-α-D-mannopyranoside acts as a donor in the transfer reaction catalyzed by α-D-mannosidase, forming isomeric mannosides with D-ribose as the acceptor.