Hedgehog Inhibitor

Vismodegib (GDC-0449) is a BBB-permeable and orally active hedgehog pathway inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 3 nM. Vismodegib also inhibits P-gp, ABCG2 with IC₅₀ values of 3.0 μM and 1.4 μM, respectively.

SANT-1, a potent Smo antagonist, inhibits Hedgehog signaling. SANT-1 shows IC₅₀s of 20 nM and 30 nM in Shh-LIGHT2 and SmoA1-LIGHT2 assay, respectively.

Ciliobrevin D is a cell-permeable, reversible and specific inhibitor of AAA+ ATPase motor cytoplasmic dynein. Ciliobrevin D inhibits Hedgehog (Hh) signaling and primary cilia formation. Ciliobrevin D inhibits dynein-dependent microtubule gliding and ATPase activity in vitro.

Degalactotigonin is a saponin-selective inhibitor targeting the EGFR, GSK3β and Hedgehog/Gli1 pathways and can be isolated from Solanum nigrum (Solanum nigrum). Degalactotigonin inhibits EGFR phosphorylation and the downstream Akt/ERK signaling pathway, and at the same time inhibits the Hedgehog/Gli1 pathway through GSK3β inactivation, thereby inducing cancer cell apoptosis, arresting the cell cycle, and inhibiting migration and invasion. Degalactotigonin can be used in targeted research on malignant tumors such as pancreatic cancer and osteosarcoma.

Anticancer agent 321 is a Smoothened (SMO) inhibitor with a human IC₅₀ of 0.12 μM, enhanced aqueous solubility, good plasma and metabolic stability, moderate therapeutic index, preliminary safety profile, and moderate oral bioavailability in rats.Anticancer agent 321 binds to SMO’s 7-transmembrane helical channel, forming hydrogen bonds with Asp384 and hydrophobic/π-π interactions with His470, Phe391, Tyr394, stabilizing SMO’s inactive conformation to inhibit Hedgehog/GLI signaling.Anticancer agent 321 inhibits proliferation, suppresses colony formation, induces apoptosis, and downregulates Hedgehog/GLI pathway target genes GLI1, GLI2, Ptch1, HHip in cancer cells.Anticancer agent 321 inhibits tumor growth, downregulates Ki67 and SOX2, and upregulates cleaved-caspase 3 in tumor tissues.Anticancer agent 321 can be used for the research of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

MEDI-5304 is a hedgehog antibody inhibitor with human sonic hedgehog (SHH) K_D of 5.13 pmol/L, and human Indian hedgehog (IHH) K_D of 34.7 pmol/L. MEDI-5304 binds and neutralizes SHH and IHH, blocks downstream target gene transcription, inhibits osteoblast differentiation. MEDI-5304 can be used for the research of colon cancer.

Dynarrestin is a aminothiazole inhibitor of cytoplasmic dyneins 1 and 2. Dynarrestin rapidly and reversibly inhibits dynein 1-driven microtubule gliding in vitro plus a range of dynein 1- and 2-dependent processes in cells without affecting ATP hydrolysis and interfering with ciliogenesis. Dynarrestin suppresses hedgehog (Hh)-dependent proliferation of neuronal precursors and tumor cells.

Ciliobrevin A (HPI-4) is a hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway inhibitor with median inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) less than 10 μM.

Garcinone C, a xanthone derivative, is a natural compound extracted from Garcinia oblongifolia that is used as an anti-inflammatory, astringency and granulation-promoting medicine, and has potential cytotoxic effects on certain cancers. Garcinone C stimulates the expression levels of ATR and 4E-BP1, arrests the cell cycle, inhibits cell viability of the human Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines CNE1, CNE2, HK1 and HONE1 in a time‑ and dose‑dependent manner through inhibition of Hedgehog signaling pathway. Garcinone C is orally active.

Ornidazole (Ro 7-0207) is a nitroimidazole derivative with anti-trichomonad activity and in vitro activity against a variety of anaerobic bacteria. Ornidazole inhibits Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway, exhibits antitumor activity. Ornidazole can be used in research of Crohn’s disease.

RU-SKI 43 hydrochloride is a potent and selective Hedgehog acyltransferase (Hhat) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 850 nM. RU-SKI 43 hydrochloride reduces Gli-1 activation through Smoothened-independent non-canonical signaling and decreases Akt and mTOR pathway activity. RU-SKI 43 hydrochloride has anti-cancer activity.

Robotnikinin is a small molecule capable of binding to and inhibiting the activity of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling up stream of Smo.

Jervine (11-Ketocyclopamine) is a potent Hedgehog (Hh) inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 500-700 nM. Jervine is a natural teratogenic sterodial alkaloid from rhizomes of Veratrum nigrum. Jervine has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

3-epi-Vitamin D3 (Epicholecalciferol) (Compound 4), a Vitamin D3 analogue, is a Hedgehog pathway inhibitor with an IC₅₀ of 39.2 μM measured in U87MG cells.

Hh Pathway-IN-1, a Hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor, is a potent Gli antagonist. Hh Pathway-IN-1 inhibits Hh pathway functional with an IC₅₀ value of 1.1 µM in C3H10T1/2 cells. Hh Pathway-IN-1 does not inhibit Wnt signaling. Hh Pathway-IN-1 shows anti-proliferative activity. Hh Pathway-IN-1 decreases the GLI1 mRNA expression. Hh Pathway-IN-1 inhibits colony formation in a dose-dependent manner.

JK184 is a potent Hedgehog (Hh) pathway inhibitor with IC₅₀ of 30 nM in mammalian cells.

Physalin B is an orally active anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent. Physalin B can be isolated from Physalis alkekengi L. var. Franchetii. Physalin B inhibits the activation of the NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, STAT3, PI3K/Akt and Hedgehog signaling pathways, regulates the phosphorylation levels of GSK-3β, p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and JNK, and promotes the nuclear translocation of NRF2. Physalin B reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and factors, induces mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mito-ROS) production, Apoptosis, G2/M cell cycle arrest and incomplete Autophagy, alters cytoskeleton structure and alleviates oxidative stress. Physalin B reduces cancer cell viability, ameliorates liver and lung tissue damage and alleviates liver fibrosis. Physalin B can be used in research related to ulcerative colitis, breast cancer, acute lung injury, colon cancer, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, liver fibrosis, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, lymphoma, ovarian cancer, sarcoma and leukemia.

Saikosaponin B1 is a bioactive constituent of Radix Bupleuri. Saikosaponin B1 is an agonist of the 5-HT_2C receptor with an EC₅₀ of 147.41 μM. Saikosaponin B1 inhibits the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway by targeting the transmembrane protein SMO. Sailosaponin B1 can reduce liver fibrosis. Saikosaponin B1 has anti-cancer activities thus can be studies in research for cancers such as Medulloblastoma (MB).

DS-1-38 is an EYA1 antagonist that blocks Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling. EYA1 is a haloacid dehalogenase phosphatase and transcription factor that regulates tumorigenesis and proliferation in SHH medulloblastoma (SHH-MB).

Hedgehog IN-1 (Compound 7d) is an inhibitor for Hedgehog protein with IC₅₀ of 70 nM.