PKM Antibody (YA6323)
(Synonyms: PKM; OIP3; PK2; PK3; PKM2; Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2; Cytosolic thyroid hormone-binding protein; CTHBP; Opa-interacting protein 3; OIP-3; Pyruvate kinase 2/3; Pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme; Thyroid hormone-binding protein 1; THBP1; Tu)PKM Antibody (YA6323) is a Rabbit-derived and non-conjugated IgG monoclonal antibody, targeting to PKM.
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Host:
Rabbit
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Isotype:
IgG
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Application:
WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF, IP, ELISA
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Reactivity :
Human, Mouse, Rat
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Formulation:
Supplied in PBS, 50% glycerol, 0.05% Proclin 300, 0.05%BSA
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Conjugation:
Non-conjugated
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
Applications
| Application |
IHC-P
IHC-P: Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin
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WB
WB: Western Blot
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ICC/IF
ICC/IF: Immunocytochemistry/
Immunofluorescence |
ELISA
ELISA: Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay
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IP
IP: Immunoprecipitation
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dilution Ratio | 1:200-1000 | 1:1000-5000 | 1:200-1000 | 1:5000-20000 | 1:50-200 |
Product Details
PKM Antibody (YA6323) is a Rabbit-derived and non-conjugated IgG monoclonal antibody, targeting to PKM.
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Host Rabbit
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Clonality Monoclonal
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Species ReactivityHuman, Mouse, Rat
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Observed Molecular WeightObserved band size: 57 kDa
Note: Due to possible protein modifications or aggregation, the molecular weight should be confirmed by actual measurement, and the predicted value is for reference only.
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Calculated Molecular Weight Predicted band size: 57 kDa
Protein A
Non-conjugated
Unmodified
IgG
Product Properties
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Appearance
Liquid
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Formulation
Supplied in PBS, 50% glycerol, 0.05% Proclin 300, 0.05%BSA
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Storage & Stability
Stored at -20°C for 1 year. Avoid repeated freeze / thaw cycles.
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Shipping
Shipping with blue ice.
Background
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Function
PKM catalyzes the final rate-limiting step of glycolysis by mediating the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, generating ATP. The ratio between the highly active tetrameric form and nearly inactive dimeric form determines whether glucose carbons are channeled to biosynthetic processes or used for glycolytic ATP production. The transition between the 2 forms contributes to the control of glycolysis and is important for tumor cell proliferation and survival; Isoform specifically expressed during embryogenesis that has low pyruvate kinase activity by itself and requires allosteric activation by D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) for pyruvate kinase activity. In addition to its pyruvate kinase activity in the cytoplasm, also acts as a regulator of transcription in the nucleus by acting as a protein kinase. Translocates into the nucleus in response to various signals, such as EGF receptor activation, and homodimerizes, leading to its conversion into a protein threonine- and tyrosine-protein kinase. Catalyzes phosphorylation of STAT3 at 'Tyr-705' and histone H3 at 'Thr-11' (H3T11ph), leading to activate transcription. Its ability to activate transcription plays a role in cancer cells by promoting cell proliferation and promote tumorigenesis. Promotes the expression of the immune checkpoint protein CD274 in BMAL1-deficient macrophages. May also act as a translation regulator for a subset of mRNAs, independently of its pyruvate kinase activity: associates with subpools of endoplasmic reticulum-associated ribosomes, binds directly to the mRNAs translated at the endoplasmic reticulum and promotes translation of these endoplasmic reticulum-destined mRNAs. Plays a role in caspase independent cell death of tumor cells; Pyruvate kinase isoform expressed in adult tissues, which replaces isoform M2 after birth. In contrast to isoform M2, has high pyruvate kinase activity by itself and does not require allosteric activation by D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) for activity[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].
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Subcellular Localization
Cytoplasm; Nucleus; Cytoplasm
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Expression
Tissue_specificity:It is specifically expressed in proliferating cells, such as embryonic stem cells, embryonic cancer cells, and cancer cells; it is expressed in adult tissues (PubMed:18337823) . It is not expressed in tumor cells (PubMed:18337823) . -
Isoforms & Post-Translational Modification
P14618 has 3 isomers: P14618-1: 57937 Da (predicted); P14618-2: 58062 Da (predicted); P14618-3: 56273 Da (predicted).
ISGylated;Under hypoxia, hydroxylated by EGLN3;Acetylation at Lys-305 is stimulated by high glucose concentration, it decreases enzyme activity and promotes its lysosomal-dependent degradation via chaperone-mediated autophagy;Acetylated at Lys-433 by EP300, leading to impair phosphoenolpyruvate substrate-binding and promote its homodimerization and subsequent translocation to the nucleus (PubMed:24120661). Deacetylation at Lys-433 by SIRT6 promotes its nuclear export into the cytoplasm, leading to suppress its nuclear localization and oncogenic function (PubMed:26787900);S-nitrosylation at Cys-423 and Cys-424 inhibits homotetramerization and pyruvate kinase activity (PubMed:30487609). S-nitrosylation is indirectly inhibited by AKR1A1 which degrades S-nitroso-CoA, a cofactor required to S-nitrosylate proteins (PubMed:30487609);FGFR1-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation is reduced by interaction with TRIM35 -
Subunit
Monomer and homotetramer; exists as a monomer in the absence of D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP), and reversibly associates to form a homotetramer in the presence of FBP (PubMed:15996096, PubMed:18298799, PubMed:18337815, PubMed:1854723, PubMed:23064226, PubMed:2813362). The monomeric form binds 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) (PubMed:15996096). Tetramer formation induces pyruvate kinase activity (PubMed:15996096, PubMed:18298799, PubMed:18337815, PubMed:1854723, PubMed:23064226, PubMed:2813362). The tetrameric form has high affinity for the substrate and is associated within the glycolytic enzyme complex (PubMed:15996096, PubMed:18298799, PubMed:18337815, PubMed:1854723, PubMed:23064226, PubMed:2813362). FBP stimulates the formation of tetramers from dimers (PubMed:15996096, PubMed:18298799, PubMed:18337815, PubMed:1854723, PubMed:23064226, PubMed:2813362). Homodimer; exists in a dimeric form in tumor cells and the dimeric form has less affinity for the phosphoenolpyruvate substrate (PubMed:22306293, PubMed:24120661). The homodimer converts into a protein kinase (PubMed:22306293, PubMed:24120661). Interacts with HERC1, POU5F1 and PML (PubMed:12650930, PubMed:18191611). Interacts with EGLN3; the interaction hydroxylates PKM under hypoxia and enhances binding to HIF1A (PubMed:21483450, PubMed:21620138). Interacts with HIF1A; the interaction is enhanced by binding of EGLN3, promoting enhanced transcription activity under hypoxia (PubMed:21620138). Interacts with TRIM35; this interaction prevents FGFR1-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation (PubMed:25263439). Interacts with JMJD8 (PubMed:27199445). Interacts with TRAF4 (PubMed:32268273). Interacts with (phosphorylated) CTNNB1; leading to activate transcription (PubMed:22056988). Interacts with TSC22D2; the interaction results in reduced nuclear levels of PKM isoform M2, leading to repression of cyclin CCND1 transcription and reduced cell growth (PubMed:27573352)
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SwissProt ID
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Synonyms
PKM; OIP3; PK2; PK3; PKM2; Pyruvate kinase isozymes M1/M2; Cytosolic thyroid hormone-binding protein; CTHBP; Opa-interacting protein 3; OIP-3; Pyruvate kinase 2/3; Pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme; Thyroid hormone-binding protein 1; THBP1; Tu
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