Ganglioside GT1b (bovine) ammonium 

Ganglioside GT1b (bovine) ammonium is a member of the ganglioside family. Ganglioside GT1b (bovine) ammonium acts as a protective signal against nerve injury-induced spinal synapse elimination. Ganglioside GT1b (bovine) ammonium induces HA synthesis and the phosphorylation of Akt/mTOR in orbital fibroblasts. Ganglioside GT1b (bovine) ammonium enhances porcine oocyte maturation and induce activation of EGFR and ERK1/2 signaling. Ganglioside GT1b (bovine) ammonium is a putative host cell receptor for the Merkel cell polyomavirus. Ganglioside GT1b (bovine) ammonium can be used for the researches of cancer, infection, immunology, endocrinology and neurological disease, such as Thyroid eye disease^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}.

Ganglioside GT1b (bovine) ammonium (10-40 μg/mL; 5-30 min) induces dose- and time-dependent phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR in orbital fibroblasts from TED cells^[1].
Ganglioside GT1b (bovine) (ammonium) (5-20 nM; 40 h) at 5 nM significantly increases the metaphase II nuclear maturation rate of porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes to 86.6% after 40 h of in vitro maturation, while 10 nM and 20 nM do not produce a significant change^[2].
Ganglioside GT1b (bovine) ammonium (5-20 nM; 40 h) at 5 nM and 20 nM significantly decreases intracellular glutathione levels in matured porcine metaphase II oocytes after 40 h of in vitro maturation^[2].
Ganglioside GT1b (bovine) ammonium (5-20 nM; 40 h) at 10 nM significantly decreases intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in matured porcine metaphase II oocytes after 40 h of in vitro maturation, while 5 nM and 20 nM have no significant effect^[2].
Ganglioside GT1b (bovine) ammonium (5-20 nM; 40 h) at 20 nM significantly decreases bradykinin 2 receptor expression, and at 5 nM, 10 nM, and 20 nM significantly decreases calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta expression in matured porcine cumulus cells after 40 h of in vitro maturation, with no significant effects on proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Bax, Bcl-2, or Caspase-3 expression^[2].
Ganglioside GT1b (bovine) ammonium (5-20 nM; 18-40 h) at 5 nM decreases intracellular calcium levels in porcine oocytes after 18 h of in vitro maturation, while 5 nM and 20 nM increase intracellular calcium levels after 40 h of in vitro maturation, with 20 nM producing a greater increase than 5 nM^[2].
Ganglioside GT1b (bovine) ammonium (10-100 μM; 5 min at 30°C) potently inhibits protein kinase C activity in cytosolic and total particulate fractions from lactating bovine mammary gland, with IC₅₀ values of 20 μM and 28 μM respectively, and this inhibition is reversed by phosphatidylserine but not by OAG or calcium ions^[3].
Ganglioside GT1b (bovine) ammonium (10-100 μM; 5 min at 30°C) selectively modulates PKC-dependent phosphorylation of cytosolic proteins from lactating bovine mammary gland, suppressing phosphorylation of 91 kDa, 89 kDa, 56 kDa, 43 kDa, and 36 kDa proteins (with varying concentration dependence) and enhancing phosphorylation of 72 kDa and 56 kDa proteins at 10 μM, while leaving 72 kDa and 21 kDa protein phosphorylation resistant at 100 μM; suppression of 91 kDa and 89 kDa phosphorylation at 10 μM is reversed by phosphatidylserine^[3].
Ganglioside GT1b (bovine) ammonium (1-100 μg/mL; 1 h pre-incubation, 80 min imaging) inhibits phagocytosis of pHrodo Red E. coli BioParticles by primary mouse mixed glial cells in a dose-dependent manner, with significant suppression observed at concentrations of 1 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL after 80 minutes of imaging^[4].
Ganglioside GT1b (bovine) ammonium (10 μg/mL; 1 h) significantly reduces SYK phosphorylation in primary mouse mixed glial cells, indicating inhibition of SYK-mediated signaling pathways^[4].
Ganglioside GT1b (bovine) ammonium (1-4 μM; 44 h) enhances meiotic maturation and cumulus cell expansion of porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes by upregulating mRNA levels of HAS2, TNFAIP6, and PTX3^[5].
Ganglioside GT1b (bovine) ammonium (2 μM; 44 h), alone or in combination with 10 ng/mL EGF, enhances meiotic maturation, cumulus cell expansion, and activation of EGFR-mediated ERK1/2 signaling of porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes, with the most pronounced effects observed with combined GT1b/EGF treatment^[5].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Ganglioside GT1b (bovine) ammonium accumulates at excitatory pre-synaptic terminals in a time-dependent manner after peripheral nerve injury, and acts as a protective signal to prevent glial (microglial and astrocytic) phagocytosis of these synapses, with 47.6% of excitatory pre-synapses co-localized with Ganglioside GT1b (bovine) ammonium by 7 days post-injury^[4].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

59247-13-1

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Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.

• [1]. Yoo HK, et al. Ganglioside GT1b increases hyaluronic acid synthase 2 via PI3K activation with TLR2 dependence in orbital fibroblasts from thyroid eye disease patients. BMB Rep. 2021;54(2):136-141.  [Content Brief]

  [2]. Hwang SU, et al. Effect of ganglioside GT1b on the in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes and embryonic development. J Reprod Dev. 2015;61(6):549-557.

  [3]. Katoh N. Inhibition by gangliosides GM3, GD3 and GT1b of substrate phosphorylation by protein kinase C in bovine mammary gland and its reversal by phosphatidylserine. Life Sci. 1995;56(3):157-62.

  [4]. Lee J, et al. Ganglioside GT1b prevents selective spinal synapse removal following peripheral nerve injury. EMBO Rep. 2025;26(12):2994-3023.  [Content Brief]

  [5]. Kim JW, et al. Exogenous Ganglioside GT1b Enhances Porcine Oocyte Maturation, Including the Cumulus Cell Expansion and Activation of EGFR and ERK1/2 Signaling. Reprod Sci. 2020;27(1):278-289.  [Content Brief]

  [6]. Erickson KD, et al. Ganglioside GT1b is a putative host cell receptor for the Merkel cell polyomavirus. J Virol. 2009;83(19):10275-10279.  [Content Brief]