2. Cell Cycle/DNA Damage Autophagy Apoptosis MAPK/ERK Pathway
  3. Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog DNA/RNA Synthesis Autophagy Apoptosis p38 MAPK
  4. Gemcitabine

Gemcitabine (LY 188011) is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog antimetabolite and an antineoplastic agent. Gemcitabine inhibits DNA synthesis and repair, and can modulate autophagy. Gemcitabine induces apoptosis through the activation of p38 MAPK. Gemcitabine demonstrates efficacy in mouse models of pancreatic and breast cancer. Gemcitabine can be used for cancer research, such as pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and breast cancer.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

CAS No. : 95058-81-4

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Customer Review

Based on 266 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Other Forms of Gemcitabine:

Gemcitabine Related Antibodies

Top Publications Citing Use of Products

266 Publications Citing Use of MCE Gemcitabine

Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
In Vivo Efficacy Study
Histological Imaging/Staining
WB
IF

    Gemcitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2025 Aug 6;16(1):592.  [Abstract]

    Kaplan–Meier curve of #354 cells subcutaneously xenografted, treated or not with Gemcitabine hydrochloride (Gem, 100 mg/kg; i.p.; biweekly for three weeks) and/or TRL (50 mg/kg; i.p.; biweekly for three weeks).

    Gemcitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cell Death Dis. 2025 Aug 6;16(1):592.  [Abstract]

    Gemcitabine hydrochloride (Gem, 100 mg/kg; i.p.; biweekly for three weeks). Left: Representative histological sections of xenografts derived from #354 cells. Tumor sections were stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E). S stroma; T tumor. Right: quantification of stroma content on H&E-stained sections.

    Gemcitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Nat Med. 2024 Mar;30(3):749-761.  [Abstract]

    The relative cell viability of shCtl-, shNDUFB8-, and shCEMIP2-transfected cells was detected by XTT assay after paclitaxel plus gemcitabine (100 nM) treatment (A+G), single-agent 5-Fu (5-FU), and the FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy cocktail [FU+IRI+OXA: 5-FU+Irinotecan (SN-38) +Oxaliplatin] for 48h.

    Gemcitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2024 Apr 29;23(1):86.  [Abstract]

    The cell viability of the indicated T24 cells was determined after 48 h of continuous exposure to multiple concentrations of gemcitabine.

    Gemcitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2024 Apr 29;23(1):86.  [Abstract]

    ATR-Chk1 pathway protein levels in the indicated T24 cells treated with 20 µg/L Gemcitabine for 6 h were determined by Western blotting.

    Gemcitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Clin Invest. 2024 Mar 7;134(10):e172716.  [Abstract]

    The given cell lines were treated with 250 nM osimertinib (Osim), 1.25 μM Etoposide (VP-16), 125 nM Doxorubicin (DXR), 5 nM Paclitaxel, 10 μM Cisplatin, 25 μM Carboplatin, 25 nM Gemcitabine, 20 nM 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), 25 μM Cyclophosphamide, 25 μM Capecitabine, or 10 nM Vincristine alone or in combination for 3 days. Cell numbers were then measured using the SRB assay.

    Gemcitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Cancer Lett. 2024 Apr 10:587:216696.  [Abstract]

    Endogenous LDHA was knocked out or ZDHHC9 was knocked down in SW1990 cells. Cells were then exposed to indicated concentrations of Gemcitabine hydrochloride for 72 h, and cell viability assays were performed. The IC50 of gemcitabine was calculated for each group.

    Gemcitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2023 Dec 4;22(1):195.  [Abstract]

    CCK-8 (0.1-102.4 µM; 24 h) analysis of the sensitivity of normal and GEM-resistant PDAC cells under different concentrations of gemcitabine (GEM).

    Gemcitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2023 Dec 4;22(1):195.  [Abstract]

    Comet analysis of the DNA damage of GEM-resistant PDAC cells with or without hsa_circ_0007919 inhibition and of the DNA damage of PDAC cells with or without hsa_circ_0007919 overexpression under gemcitabine (GEM) treatment condition (200×).

    Gemcitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2023 Dec 4;22(1):195.  [Abstract]

    IF analysis of γ-H2AX accumulation in GEM-resistant PDAC cells with or without hsa_circ_0007919 inhibition and of γ-H2AX accumulation in PDAC cells with or without hsa_circ_0007919 overexpression under gemcitabine (GEM) treatment condition (1000×).

    Gemcitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Mol Cancer. 2023 Dec 4;22(1):195.  [Abstract]

    Expression of apoptosis-related proteins in hsa_circ_0007919-inhibited gemcitabine (GEM)-resistant PDAC cells with or without LIG1 overexpression.

    Gemcitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Chem Biol Interact. 2024 Jan 5:387:110816.  [Abstract]

    The impact of PKM2 knockdown on gemcitabine sensitivity in ICC cells was assessed by CCK-8 assays. The cells were exposed to Gemcitabine hydrochloride (0.01-100 μM) for a duration of 72 h.

    Gemcitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: JCI Insight. 2022 Nov 22;7(22):e159419.  [Abstract]

    Similarly, Gemcitabine hydrochloride (Gem, 150 mg/kg) + decitabine (DAC) efficacy was preserved in immune-deficient allografts in NSG mice (n = 8–9/group).

    Gemcitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Gastroenterology. 2021 Nov;161(5):1601-1614.e23.  [Abstract]

    Bar graphs show the GI50 of 5-fluoruracil (48 h), irinotecan (48 h), gemcitabine (48 h), paclitaxel (48 h), and oxaliplatin (48 h) in PDAC cells in combination with bioactive hexapeptides (NTAIYY and PTTIYY) or controls (saline and NTAIYA).

    Gemcitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2019 May;392(5):615-622.  [Abstract]

    The expression level of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, Bcl-XL, and Mcl-1 in PANC-1 cells is detected by western blot analysis and is all down-regulated in the treatment groups.

    Gemcitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Chem Biol Interact. 2018 Jun 25:290:44-51.  [Abstract]

    U2OS and MG-63 cells are treated with Gemcitabine, Licoricidin, or Gemcitabine+Licoricidin for 24 h, followed by the determination of active caspse-3 protein level using western blot. Cells without treatment are used as Control.

    Gemcitabine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Biol Chem. 2017 Jun 2;292(22):9136-9149.  [Abstract]

    The plate clone formation of SW480 and SW620 cells with Gemcitabine (8 nM in SW480 and 16 nM in SW620) and/or PX-12 (4 μM in SW480 and 8 μM in SW620).

    View All DNA/RNA Synthesis Isoform Specific Products:

    View All Isoforms
    RNASE L DNA Polymerases RNA Polymerases Helicases DNA Ligase

    View All p38 MAPK Isoform Specific Products:

    View All Isoforms
    p38 MAPK Akt1 p38α p38β MAPK13 p38δ p38γ

    • Biological Activity

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    • Customer Review

    Description

    Gemcitabine (LY 188011) is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog antimetabolite and an antineoplastic agent. Gemcitabine inhibits DNA synthesis and repair, and can modulate autophagy. Gemcitabine induces apoptosis through the activation of p38 MAPK. Gemcitabine demonstrates efficacy in mouse models of pancreatic and breast cancer. Gemcitabine can be used for cancer research, such as pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and breast cancer[1][2][3][4].

    IC50 & Target

    DNA synthesis[1]
    Cellular Effect
    Cell Line Type Value Description References
    4T1 IC50
    7.17 μM
    Compound: GEM
    Antiproliferative activity against mouse 4T1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    Antiproliferative activity against mouse 4T1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    		[PMID: 35810950]
    8305C IC50
    4.53 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human 8305C cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human 8305C cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 24436994]
    A2780 IC50
    0.0166 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human A2780 cells expressing p53 gene after 72 hrs by proliferative assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human A2780 cells expressing p53 gene after 72 hrs by proliferative assay
    		[PMID: 18469809]
    A2780 IC50
    0.035 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human A2780 cells expressing p53 after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human A2780 cells expressing p53 after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    		[PMID: 20873740]
    A2780 IC50
    0.31 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 19362474]
    A2780 IC50
    0.32 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human A2780 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 38547648]
    A2780 IC50
    1.5 nM
    Compound: dFdc
    Growth inhibition of A2780 cells by SRB assay
    Growth inhibition of A2780 cells by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 17602464]
    A2780 IC50
    15 nM
    Compound: dFdc
    Growth inhibition of A2780 cells by SRB assay in presence of dipyridamole
    Growth inhibition of A2780 cells by SRB assay in presence of dipyridamole
    		[PMID: 17602464]
    A549 EC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: 11
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 27032331]
    A549 IC50
    0.0039 μM
    Compound: 1, gemcitabine, GEM, dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells treated at LA + compound sequent. compound for 24 hrs, LA + compound for 24 hrs additional, total 48 hrs 2:1 and 5:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells treated at LA + compound sequent. compound for 24 hrs, LA + compound for 24 hrs additional, total 48 hrs 2:1 and 5:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    		[PMID: 25874330]
    A549 IC50
    0.0068 μM
    Compound: 1, gemcitabine, GEM, dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 25874330]
    A549 IC50
    0.02 μM
    Compound: gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity at human A549 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity at human A549 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 22861499]
    A549 IC50
    0.029 μM
    Compound: 1, gemcitabine, GEM, dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells treated at LA + compound sequent. LA for 24 hrs), LA + GEM (24 hrs additional, total 48 hrs) 2:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells treated at LA + compound sequent. LA for 24 hrs), LA + GEM (24 hrs additional, total 48 hrs) 2:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    		[PMID: 25874330]
    A549 IC50
    0.044 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 34619466]
    A549 IC50
    0.05 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 28221790]
    A549 IC50
    0.05 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytostatic activity against human A549 cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    Cytostatic activity against human A549 cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 30108897]
    A549 IC50
    0.05 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 30281308]
    A549 IC50
    0.09 μM
    Compound: gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells by sulforhodamine B method
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells by sulforhodamine B method
    		[PMID: 19691349]
    A549 IC50
    0.26 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 27670098]
    A549 IC50
    0.38 μM
    Compound: GEM
    Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    		[PMID: 35810950]
    A549 IC50
    0.65 μM
    Compound: GMC
    Photocytotoxicity in human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 1 hr followed by visible light irradiation for 30 mins and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Photocytotoxicity in human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 1 hr followed by visible light irradiation for 30 mins and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 37360392]
    A549 IC50
    0.69 μM
    Compound: Gem
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 96 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 96 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 38716896]
    A549 IC50
    0.75 μM
    Compound: GMC
    Dark toxicity in human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Dark toxicity in human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 37360392]
    A549 IC50
    0.8 μM
    Compound: GMC
    Photocytotoxicity in human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 1 hr followed by two-photon NIR light irradiation for 30 mins and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Photocytotoxicity in human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 1 hr followed by two-photon NIR light irradiation for 30 mins and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 37360392]
    A549 IC50
    1.4 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 19362474]
    A549 IC50
    13.1 μM
    Compound: gemicitabine
    Cytotoxicity against A549 cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against A549 cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 17419604]
    A549 IC50
    14 nM
    Compound: dFdc
    Growth inhibition of A549 cells by SRB assay
    Growth inhibition of A549 cells by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 17602464]
    A549 IC50
    18.8 nM
    Compound: GEM
    Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 34967607]
    A549 IC50
    2.69 μM
    Compound: 7
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		10.1039/C5MD00158G
    A549 IC50
    225 nM
    Compound: dFdc
    Growth inhibition of A549 cells by SRB assay in presence of dipyridamole
    Growth inhibition of A549 cells by SRB assay in presence of dipyridamole
    		[PMID: 17602464]
    A549 IC50
    5.05 μM
    Compound: 1; dFdC
    Cytotoxicity in human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity in human A549 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 31400940]
    A549 IC50
    5.35 μM
    Compound: GEM
    Anticancer activity against human A549 cells overexpressing CTSL assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    Anticancer activity against human A549 cells overexpressing CTSL assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    		[PMID: 37593582]
    A549 IC50
    < 0.0039 μM
    Compound: 1, gemcitabine, GEM, dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells treated at 2:1 and 5:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells treated at 2:1 and 5:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    		[PMID: 25874330]
    A549 IC50
    > 1 μM
    Compound: 1, gemcitabine, GEM, dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells treated at LA + compound sequent. LA for 24 hrs), LA + GEM (24 hrs additional, total 48 hrs) 5:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells treated at LA + compound sequent. LA for 24 hrs), LA + GEM (24 hrs additional, total 48 hrs) 5:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    		[PMID: 25874330]
    ACHN IC50
    0.48 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human ACHN cells after 48 hrs by WST-8 assay
    Cytotoxicity against human ACHN cells after 48 hrs by WST-8 assay
    		[PMID: 22342146]
    ASPC1 IC50
    0.5 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human ASPC1 cells harboring KRAS G12D mutant assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    Cytotoxicity against human ASPC1 cells harboring KRAS G12D mutant assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    		[PMID: 38848113]
    ASPC1 IC50
    26.8 μM
    Compound: GCT
    Antiproliferative activity against human AsPC1 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human AsPC1 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay
    		[PMID: 28576633]
    ASPC1 IC50
    29.1 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human ASPC1 assessed as cell viability measured for 72 hrs by cell titer glo luminescent assay
    Cytotoxicity against human ASPC1 assessed as cell viability measured for 72 hrs by cell titer glo luminescent assay
    		[PMID: 34342431]
    ASPC1 IC50
    35.11 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Anticancer activity against human ASPC1 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 72 hrs by Cell-Titre Glo luminescent cell viability assay
    Anticancer activity against human ASPC1 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 72 hrs by Cell-Titre Glo luminescent cell viability assay
    		[PMID: 34838335]
    ASPC1 IC50
    4 nM
    Compound: GEM
    Cytotoxicity against human Aspc-1 cells by crystal violet staining
    Cytotoxicity against human Aspc-1 cells by crystal violet staining
    		[PMID: 20930123]
    ASPC1 IC50
    7.5 μM
    Compound: GEM
    Cytotoxicity against human ASPC1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human ASPC1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 35380848]
    ASPC1 IC50
    > 50 μM
    Compound: Gem
    Cytotoxicity against human ASPC1 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human ASPC1 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 38489997]
    B16-F10 IC50
    0.26 μM
    Compound: GEM
    Cytotoxicity against mouse B16F10 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against mouse B16F10 cells assessed as decrease in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 30108970]
    BEAS-2B IC50
    0.037 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human BEAS-2B cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human BEAS-2B cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 34619466]
    BJ IC50
    9.88 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21711054]
    BJ IC50
    > 50 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human BJ cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 28221790]
    BJ IC50
    > 50 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytostatic activity against human BJ cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    Cytostatic activity against human BJ cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 30108897]
    BJ IC50
    > 50 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human BJ cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human BJ cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 30281308]
    BT-549 GI50
    0.004 μM
    Compound: gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human BT549 cells after 5 days by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human BT549 cells after 5 days by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 19929004]
    BT-549 IC50
    0.008 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human BT549 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human BT549 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21711054]
    BV-173 IC50
    0.001 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human BV173 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human BV173 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21711054]
    BXPC-3 EC50
    10 nM
    Compound: 1
    Cytotoxicity against human BxPC3 cells after 5 days by PrestoBlue assay
    Cytotoxicity against human BxPC3 cells after 5 days by PrestoBlue assay
    		[PMID: 24867590]
    BXPC-3 GI50
    3.64 nM
    Compound: Gem
    Growth inhibition of human BxPC3 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Growth inhibition of human BxPC3 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 23094992]
    BXPC-3 GI50
    3.64 μM
    Compound: Gem
    Growth inhibition of human BxPC3 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Growth inhibition of human BxPC3 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 22512908]
    BXPC-3 IC50
    0.005 μM
    Compound: 19
    Antiproliferative activity against human BXPC-3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured for 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human BXPC-3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured for 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    		[PMID: 32858470]
    BXPC-3 IC50
    0.008 μM
    Compound: GEM
    Anticancer activity against human BXPC-3 cells overexpressing CTSL assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    Anticancer activity against human BXPC-3 cells overexpressing CTSL assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    		[PMID: 37593582]
    BXPC-3 IC50
    0.04 μM
    Compound: GEM
    Cytotoxicity against human BXPC-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human BXPC-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 35380848]
    BXPC-3 IC50
    0.05 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human BXPC-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human BXPC-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 35439009]
    BXPC-3 IC50
    0.1 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human BXPC-3 cells expressing wild type KRAS cultured as 2D spheroids assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human BXPC-3 cells expressing wild type KRAS cultured as 2D spheroids assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 36709650]
    BXPC-3 IC50
    0.16 μM
    Compound: dFdc
    Inhibitory activity against BxPC3 (human,pancreas,adenocarcinoma) cell line
    Inhibitory activity against BxPC3 (human,pancreas,adenocarcinoma) cell line
    		[PMID: 12954073]
    BXPC-3 IC50
    0.67 μM
    Compound: 1, dFdC, GEM, Gemcitabine
    Cytostatic activity against human BxPC3 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytostatic activity against human BxPC3 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 24471998]
    BXPC-3 IC50
    1.81 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human BXPC-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human BXPC-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 38547648]
    BXPC-3 IC50
    12.18 μM
    Compound: GEM
    Antiproliferative activity against human BXPC-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by WST-1 assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human BXPC-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 24 hrs by WST-1 assay
    		[PMID: 37634418]
    BXPC-3 IC50
    130 nM
    Compound: 1; dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human BXPC-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human BXPC-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 33479633]
    BXPC-3 IC50
    159.5 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human BXPC-3 cells expressing wild type KRAS cultured as 3D spheroids assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human BXPC-3 cells expressing wild type KRAS cultured as 3D spheroids assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 36709650]
    BXPC-3 IC50
    2.9 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human BxPC3 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human BxPC3 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 19362474]
    BXPC-3 IC50
    20.2 μM
    Compound: GCT
    Antiproliferative activity against human BxPC3 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human BxPC3 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay
    		[PMID: 28576633]
    BXPC-3 IC50
    25.9 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human BXPC-3 assessed as cell viability measured for 72 hrs by cell titer glo luminescent assay
    Cytotoxicity against human BXPC-3 assessed as cell viability measured for 72 hrs by cell titer glo luminescent assay
    		[PMID: 34342431]
    BXPC-3 IC50
    5.51 μM
    Compound: GEM
    Antiproliferative activity against human BXPC-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by WST-1 assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human BXPC-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by WST-1 assay
    		[PMID: 37634418]
    BXPC-3 IC50
    5.71 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human BxPC3 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human BxPC3 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 31191868]
    BXPC-3 IC50
    6 nM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Growth inhibition of human BxPC3 cells after 96 hrs by SRB assay
    Growth inhibition of human BxPC3 cells after 96 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 29356532]
    BXPC-3 IC50
    6.83 μM
    Compound: GEM
    Antiproliferative activity against human BXPC-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 48 hrs by WST-1 assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human BXPC-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 48 hrs by WST-1 assay
    		[PMID: 37634418]
    BXPC-3 IC50
    > 50 μM
    Compound: Gem
    Cytotoxicity against human BXPC-3 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human BXPC-3 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 38489997]
    Bel-7402 IC50
    0.84 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human Bel7402 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human Bel7402 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 19362474]
    C6 IC50
    0.504 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against rat C6 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against rat C6 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21711054]
    CAPAN-1 IC50
    0.02 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human Capan-1 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human Capan-1 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 32007666]
    CAPAN-1 IC50
    19 nM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Growth inhibition of human Capan1 cells after 96 hrs by SRB assay
    Growth inhibition of human Capan1 cells after 96 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 29356532]
    CCRF-CEM IC50
    0.02 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against daunorubicin resistant human CCRF-CEM cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against daunorubicin resistant human CCRF-CEM cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 28221790]
    CCRF-CEM IC50
    0.02 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytostatic activity against human CCRF-CEM cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    Cytostatic activity against human CCRF-CEM cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 30108897]
    CCRF-CEM IC50
    0.02 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human CCRF-CEM cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human CCRF-CEM cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 30281308]
    CCRF-CEM IC50
    0.069 μM
    Compound: 2a, dFdC, Gemcitabine
    Cytostatic activity against human CEM cells after 3 days by coulter counter analysis
    Cytostatic activity against human CEM cells after 3 days by coulter counter analysis
    		[PMID: 24341356]
    CCRF-CEM IC50
    0.086 μM
    Compound: 1, dFdC, GEM, Gemcitabine
    Cytostatic activity against human CEM cells after 72 hrs by coulter counter analysis
    Cytostatic activity against human CEM cells after 72 hrs by coulter counter analysis
    		[PMID: 24471998]
    CCRF-CEM IC50
    1000 nM
    Compound: dFdc
    Growth inhibition of CEM cells by SRB assay in presence of dipyridamole
    Growth inhibition of CEM cells by SRB assay in presence of dipyridamole
    		[PMID: 17602464]
    CCRF-CEM IC50
    100000 nM
    Compound: dFdc
    Growth inhibition of dCK deficient CEM cells by SRB assay in presence of dipyridamole
    Growth inhibition of dCK deficient CEM cells by SRB assay in presence of dipyridamole
    		[PMID: 17602464]
    CCRF-CEM IC50
    130 nM
    Compound: dFdc
    Growth inhibition of CEM cells by SRB assay
    Growth inhibition of CEM cells by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 17602464]
    CCRF-CEM IC50
    50000 nM
    Compound: dFdc
    Growth inhibition of dCK deficient CEM cells by SRB assay
    Growth inhibition of dCK deficient CEM cells by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 17602464]
    CCRF-CEM IC50
    7.6 μM
    Compound: 2a, dFdC, Gemcitabine
    Cytostatic activity against human dCK-deficient CEM cells after 3 days by coulter counter analysis
    Cytostatic activity against human dCK-deficient CEM cells after 3 days by coulter counter analysis
    		[PMID: 24341356]
    CEM-DNR IC50
    0.1 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytostatic activity against human CEM/DNR cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    Cytostatic activity against human CEM/DNR cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 30108897]
    CEM-SS IC50
    0.03 μM
    Compound: dFdc
    Inhibitory activity against CEM-SS (human T-4 lymphoblastoid clone) cell line
    Inhibitory activity against CEM-SS (human T-4 lymphoblastoid clone) cell line
    		[PMID: 12954073]
    CFPAC-1 IC50
    0.022 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human CFPAC-1 cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human CFPAC-1 cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 30904782]
    CFPAC-1 IC50
    0.35 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine, dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human CFPAC-1 cells assessed as reduction of cell survival after 96 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human CFPAC-1 cells assessed as reduction of cell survival after 96 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 24631359]
    CFPAC-1 IC50
    0.47 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine, dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human CFPAC-1 cells assessed as reduction of cell survival after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human CFPAC-1 cells assessed as reduction of cell survival after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 24631359]
    COLO 205 IC50
    0.0514 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against p53 deficient human COLO205 cells after 72 hrs
    Antiproliferative activity against p53 deficient human COLO205 cells after 72 hrs
    		[PMID: 18469809]
    COLO 205 IC50
    0.11 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human COLO 205 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human COLO 205 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 38547648]
    COLO 205 IC50
    3 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human p53 deficient COLO205 cells after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human p53 deficient COLO205 cells after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    		[PMID: 20873740]
    COLO 205 IC50
    3.24 μM
    Compound: 7
    Cytotoxicity against human COLO205 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human COLO205 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 23968824]
    COLO 320DM IC50
    3.92 μM
    Compound: 7
    Cytotoxicity against human COLO320DM cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human COLO320DM cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 23968824]
    COLO357 IC50
    0.36 nM
    Compound: GEM
    Cytotoxicity against human Colo-357 cells by crystal violet staining
    Cytotoxicity against human Colo-357 cells by crystal violet staining
    		[PMID: 20930123]
    CT26 IC50
    0.006 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against mouse CT26 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against mouse CT26 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21711054]
    CV-1 IC50
    21.9 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey CV1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against african green monkey CV1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 23489626]
    Caco-2 GI50
    0.18 μM
    Compound: gemcitabine
    Antitumor activity against human CaCo2 cells after 48 hrs by MTS assay
    Antitumor activity against human CaCo2 cells after 48 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 18588281]
    Caco-2 IC50
    1.33 μM
    Compound: GEM
    Anticancer activity against human Caco-2 cells with low CTSL expression assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    Anticancer activity against human Caco-2 cells with low CTSL expression assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    		[PMID: 37593582]
    Caco-2 IC50
    9.4 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human Caco-2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human Caco-2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 33964437]
    Caco-2 IC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: 1; dFdC
    Antiproliferative activity against human Caco2 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human Caco2 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay
    		[PMID: 28495087]
    Calu-1 IC50
    0.52 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human Calu1 cells after 48 hrs by WST-8 assay
    Cytotoxicity against human Calu1 cells after 48 hrs by WST-8 assay
    		[PMID: 22342146]
    Capan-2 IC50
    1.7 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human Capan2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human Capan2 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 19362474]
    Capan-2 IC50
    40.791 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human Capan2 cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human Capan2 cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 30904782]
    DAN-G IC50
    3.4 nM
    Compound: GEM
    Cytotoxicity against human DAN-G cells by crystal violet staining
    Cytotoxicity against human DAN-G cells by crystal violet staining
    		[PMID: 20930123]
    DMS-53 IC50
    0.009 μM
    Compound: gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity at human DMS53 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity at human DMS53 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 22861499]
    DU-145 IC50
    0.0356 μM
    Compound: gemcitabine
    In vitro cytotoxic activity against prostate carcinoma (DU-145) cells assayed by inhibition of [3H]-labeled thymidine incorporation
    In vitro cytotoxic activity against prostate carcinoma (DU-145) cells assayed by inhibition of [3H]-labeled thymidine incorporation
    		[PMID: 11728191]
    DU-145 IC50
    213 nM
    Compound: dFdC
    Antiproliferative activity against human DU145 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human DU145 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 30716713]
    DU-145 IC50
    3.5 nM
    Compound: gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human DU145 cells by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human DU145 cells by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 17887663]
    DU-145 IC50
    399 nM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human DU-145 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human DU-145 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 33223264]
    EL4 IC50
    0.007 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against mouse EL4 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against mouse EL4 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21711054]
    FTC-133 IC50
    3.36 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human FTC-133 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human FTC-133 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 24436994]
    HCT-116 EC50
    4 nM
    Compound: Gem
    Antiproliferative activity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 37982711]
    HCT-116 IC50
    0.005 μM
    Compound: gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells by sulforhodamine B method
    Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells by sulforhodamine B method
    		[PMID: 19691349]
    HCT-116 IC50
    0.006 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells expressing p53 after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells expressing p53 after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    		[PMID: 20873740]
    HCT-116 IC50
    0.0097 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells expressing p53 gene after 72 hrs by proliferative assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells expressing p53 gene after 72 hrs by proliferative assay
    		[PMID: 18469809]
    HCT-116 IC50
    0.03 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 28221790]
    HCT-116 IC50
    0.03 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytostatic activity against human HCT116 cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    Cytostatic activity against human HCT116 cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 30108897]
    HCT-116 IC50
    0.03 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human HCT116 cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 30281308]
    HCT-116 IC50
    0.05 μM
    Compound: Gem
    Antiproliferative activity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 35300092]
    HCT-116 IC50
    0.32 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells after 48 hrs by WST-8 assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells after 48 hrs by WST-8 assay
    		[PMID: 22342146]
    HCT-116 IC50
    0.41 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against p53 deficient human HCT116 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against p53 deficient human HCT116 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 28221790]
    HCT-116 IC50
    0.41 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytostatic activity against human HCT116 p53-/- cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    Cytostatic activity against human HCT116 p53-/- cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 30108897]
    HCT-116 IC50
    0.41 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against p53 gene knocked out human HCT116 cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    Antiproliferative activity against p53 gene knocked out human HCT116 cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 30281308]
    HCT-116 IC50
    14.3 μM
    Compound: gemzar, gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against multidrug-resistant human HCT116 cells by thymidine incorporation assay
    Cytotoxicity against multidrug-resistant human HCT116 cells by thymidine incorporation assay
    		[PMID: 18186604]
    HCT-116 IC50
    3.05 μM
    Compound: GEM
    Antiproliferative activity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    Antiproliferative activity against human HCT-116 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    		[PMID: 35810950]
    HCT-116 IC50
    30 nM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Growth inhibition of human HCT116 cells after 72 hrs by Hoechst 33258 dye based fluorescence assay
    Growth inhibition of human HCT116 cells after 72 hrs by Hoechst 33258 dye based fluorescence assay
    		[PMID: 29253340]
    HCT-116 IC50
    7.33 μM
    Compound: 7
    Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		10.1039/C5MD00158G
    HCT-15 GI50
    0.003 μM
    Compound: gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human HCT15 cells after 5 days by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HCT15 cells after 5 days by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 19929004]
    HCT-15 IC50
    0.0099 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human HCT15 cells expressing p53 gene after 72 hrs by proliferative assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human HCT15 cells expressing p53 gene after 72 hrs by proliferative assay
    		[PMID: 18469809]
    HCT-15 IC50
    0.01 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human HCT15 cells expressing p53 after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human HCT15 cells expressing p53 after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    		[PMID: 20873740]
    HCT-15 IC50
    11.8 μM
    Compound: gemzar, gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against multidrug-resistant human HCT15 cells by thymidine incorporation assay
    Cytotoxicity against multidrug-resistant human HCT15 cells by thymidine incorporation assay
    		[PMID: 18186604]
    HCT-8 IC50
    1.74 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human HCT8 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HCT8 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 19362474]
    HEK-293T IC50
    0.01 μM
    Compound: GEM
    Cytotoxicity against immortalized HEK-293T cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    Cytotoxicity against immortalized HEK-293T cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    		[PMID: 37593582]
    HEK293 IC50
    0.05 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 35439009]
    HEK293 IC50
    0.1 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against HEK293 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 36692906]
    HEL CC50
    0.0036 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human HEL cells assessed as reduce in cell growth incubated for 3 days by coulter counter analysis
    Cytotoxicity against human HEL cells assessed as reduce in cell growth incubated for 3 days by coulter counter analysis
    		[PMID: 33479570]
    HEL IC50
    0.48 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human HEL cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human HEL cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 27670098]
    HFF-1 IC50
    14.38 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human HFF-1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HFF-1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 35439009]
    HFF-1 IC50
    14.4 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against HFF-1 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against HFF-1 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 36692906]
    HL-60 IC50
    0.33 μM
    Compound: dFdc
    Inhibitory activity against HL-60 (human, promyelocytic leukemia) cell line
    Inhibitory activity against HL-60 (human, promyelocytic leukemia) cell line
    		[PMID: 12954073]
    HPAC IC50
    0.073 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human HPAC cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HPAC cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21711054]
    HT-29 GI50
    0.03 μM
    Compound: gemcitabine
    Antitumor activity against human HT29 cells after 48 hrs by MTS assay
    Antitumor activity against human HT29 cells after 48 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 18588281]
    HT-29 IC50
    0.003 μM
    Compound: gemcitabine
    In vitro cytotoxic activity against colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells assayed by inhibition of [3H]-labeled thymidine incorporation
    In vitro cytotoxic activity against colon adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cells assayed by inhibition of [3H]-labeled thymidine incorporation
    		[PMID: 11728191]
    HT-29 IC50
    0.043 μM
    Compound: dFdc
    Inhibitory activity against HT-29 (human,colon,adenocarcinoma) cell line
    Inhibitory activity against HT-29 (human,colon,adenocarcinoma) cell line
    		[PMID: 12954073]
    HT-29 IC50
    0.07 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 38547648]
    HT-29 IC50
    0.52 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 26025875]
    HT-29 IC50
    1.53 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21711054]
    HT-29 IC50
    1.95 μM
    Compound: 7
    Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HT-29 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 23968824]
    HT-29 IC50
    176.62 nM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Synergistic antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 72 hrs in presence of 50 nM 5-((4-((morpholin-2-ylmethyl)amino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)pyrazine-2-carbonitrile by CCK-8 assay
    Synergistic antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation incubated for 72 hrs in presence of 50 nM 5-((4-((morpholin-2-ylmethyl)amino)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)pyrazine-2-carbonitrile by CCK-8 assay
    		[PMID: 38547734]
    HT-29 IC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: 1; dFdC
    Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human HT-29 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay
    		[PMID: 28495087]
    HUVEC IC50
    0.003 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine, dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against HUVEC assessed as cell after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against HUVEC assessed as cell after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 24631359]
    HeLa IC50
    0.008 μM
    Compound: dFdc
    Inhibitory activity against HeLa (human, epitheloid carcinoma, cervix) cell line
    Inhibitory activity against HeLa (human, epitheloid carcinoma, cervix) cell line
    		[PMID: 12954073]
    HeLa IC50
    0.0099 μM
    Compound: 2a, dFdC, Gemcitabine
    Cytostatic activity against human HeLa cells after 4 days by coulter counter analysis
    Cytostatic activity against human HeLa cells after 4 days by coulter counter analysis
    		[PMID: 24341356]
    HeLa IC50
    0.05 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine, Gemzar
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by resazurin assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 72 hrs by resazurin assay
    		[PMID: 22944119]
    HeLa IC50
    0.24 μM
    Compound: 22
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells
    		[PMID: 38056297]
    HeLa IC50
    0.9 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine, dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction of cell survival after 96 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction of cell survival after 96 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 24631359]
    HeLa IC50
    1.99 μM
    Compound: GEM
    Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    		[PMID: 35810950]
    HeLa IC50
    10 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine, dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction of cell survival after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as reduction of cell survival after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 24631359]
    HeLa IC50
    2.74 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human HeLa cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 27670098]
    HeLa IC50
    3.3 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 24 hrs by MTT colorimetric assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 24 hrs by MTT colorimetric assay
    		[PMID: 25703296]
    HeLa IC50
    3.9 μM
    Compound: Gem
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 96 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 96 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 38716896]
    HeLa IC50
    4.12 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HeLa cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21711054]
    HeLa IC50
    9.42 μM
    Compound: 1; dFdC
    Cytotoxicity in human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity in human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 31400940]
    HeLa IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against p53 deficient human HeLa cells after 72 hrs
    Antiproliferative activity against p53 deficient human HeLa cells after 72 hrs
    		[PMID: 18469809]
    HeLa IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human p53 deficient HeLa cells after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human p53 deficient HeLa cells after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    		[PMID: 20873740]
    HepG2 IC50
    16.7 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 38547648]
    HepG2 IC50
    2.46 μM
    Compound: Gem
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 96 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 96 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 38716896]
    HepG2 IC50
    2.97 μM
    Compound: 7
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HepG2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		10.1039/C5MD00158G
    HepG2 IC50
    4.9 μM
    Compound: 1; dFdC
    Cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity in human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 31400940]
    Huh-7 CC50
    < 0.1 μM
    Compound: 11
    Cytotoxicity against human HuH7 cells by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human HuH7 cells by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 20580554]
    Huh-7 IC50
    0.74 μM
    Compound: GEM
    Antiproliferative activity against human Huh-7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    Antiproliferative activity against human Huh-7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    		[PMID: 35810950]
    Ishikawa IC50
    20.34 μM
    Compound: 22
    Cytotoxicity against human Ishikawa cells
    Cytotoxicity against human Ishikawa cells
    		[PMID: 38056297]
    Jurkat EC50
    0.023 μM
    Compound: 11
    Cytotoxicity against human Jurkat cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human Jurkat cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 27032331]
    Jurkat IC50
    0.03 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human p53 deficient Jurkat cells after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human p53 deficient Jurkat cells after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    		[PMID: 20873740]
    Jurkat IC50
    0.0453 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against p53 deficient human Jurkat cells after 72 hrs by proliferative assay
    Antiproliferative activity against p53 deficient human Jurkat cells after 72 hrs by proliferative assay
    		[PMID: 18469809]
    K562 GI50
    0.32 μM
    Compound: gemcitabine
    Antitumor activity against human K562 cells after 48 hrs by MTS assay
    Antitumor activity against human K562 cells after 48 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 18588281]
    K562 IC50
    0.006 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human paclitaxel resistant K562 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human paclitaxel resistant K562 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21711054]
    K562 IC50
    0.05 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine, dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells assessed as reduction of cell survival after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells assessed as reduction of cell survival after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 24631359]
    K562 IC50
    0.1 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 28221790]
    K562 IC50
    0.1 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytostatic activity against human K562 cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    Cytostatic activity against human K562 cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 30108897]
    K562 IC50
    0.1 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 30281308]
    K562 IC50
    0.11 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human K562 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 27670098]
    K562 IC50
    0.6 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human p53 deficient K562 cells after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human p53 deficient K562 cells after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    		[PMID: 20873740]
    K562 IC50
    0.718 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21711054]
    K562 IC50
    0.7459 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against p53 deficient human K562 cells after 72 hrs
    Antiproliferative activity against p53 deficient human K562 cells after 72 hrs
    		[PMID: 18469809]
    KB IC50
    8.21 μM
    Compound: 1; dFdC
    Cytotoxicity in human KB cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity in human KB cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 31400940]
    KG-1 IC50
    0.0018 μM
    Compound: Gem
    Antiproliferative activity against human KG-1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human KG-1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 35300092]
    KG-1 IC50
    0.86 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human KG1 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human KG1 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 27670098]
    L02 IC50
    5.43 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human HL7702 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human HL7702 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 27670098]
    L02 IC50
    > 20 μM
    Compound: GCT
    Antiproliferative activity against human LO2 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human LO2 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay
    		[PMID: 28576633]
    L1210 IC50
    0.007 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against mouse L1210 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21711054]
    L1210 IC50
    0.013 μM
    Compound: 1, dFdC, GEM, Gemcitabine
    Cytostatic activity against mouse L1210 cells after 48 hrs by coulter counter analysis
    Cytostatic activity against mouse L1210 cells after 48 hrs by coulter counter analysis
    		[PMID: 24471998]
    L1210 IC50
    0.013 μM
    Compound: 2a, dFdC, Gemcitabine
    Cytostatic activity against mouse L1210 cells after 2 days by coulter counter analysis
    Cytostatic activity against mouse L1210 cells after 2 days by coulter counter analysis
    		[PMID: 24341356]
    L929 IC50
    0.23 μM
    Compound: 22
    Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability
    Cytotoxicity against mouse L929 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability
    		[PMID: 38056297]
    LNCaP IC50
    0.512 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human LNCAP cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human LNCAP cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21711054]
    MCF-10A IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF10A cells after 48 hrs by WST-8 assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF10A cells after 48 hrs by WST-8 assay
    		[PMID: 22342146]
    MCF7 GI50
    0.01 μM
    Compound: gemcitabine
    Antitumor activity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTS assay
    Antitumor activity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 18588281]
    MCF7 IC50
    0.0072 μM
    Compound: 2a, dFdC, Gemcitabine
    Cytostatic activity against human MCF7 cells after 2 days by coulter counter analysis
    Cytostatic activity against human MCF7 cells after 2 days by coulter counter analysis
    		[PMID: 24341356]
    MCF7 IC50
    0.06 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine, Gemzar
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by resazurin assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by resazurin assay
    		[PMID: 22944119]
    MCF7 IC50
    0.08 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells expressing p53 after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells expressing p53 after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    		[PMID: 20873740]
    MCF7 IC50
    0.0803 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells expressing p53 gene after 72 hrs by proliferative assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells expressing p53 gene after 72 hrs by proliferative assay
    		[PMID: 18469809]
    MCF7 IC50
    0.149 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21711054]
    MCF7 IC50
    0.15 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 26025875]
    MCF7 IC50
    0.57 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells incubated for 72 hrs under normoxic condition by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells incubated for 72 hrs under normoxic condition by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 28075592]
    MCF7 IC50
    1.36 μM
    Compound: GMC
    Photocytotoxicity in human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 1 hr followed by visible light irradiation for 30 mins and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Photocytotoxicity in human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability preincubated for 1 hr followed by visible light irradiation for 30 mins and measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 37360392]
    MCF7 IC50
    1.4 nM
    Compound: 1; dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 33479633]
    MCF7 IC50
    1.46 μM
    Compound: GMC
    Dark toxicity in human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Dark toxicity in human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 37360392]
    MCF7 IC50
    1.66 μM
    Compound: dFdc
    Inhibitory activity against MCF-7/WT-2'' (human, breast carcinoma) cell line
    Inhibitory activity against MCF-7/WT-2'' (human, breast carcinoma) cell line
    		[PMID: 12954073]
    MCF7 IC50
    3.28 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 19362474]
    MCF7 IC50
    38 nM
    Compound: dFdC
    Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 30716713]
    MCF7 IC50
    6.1 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MCF7 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 33964437]
    MCF7 IC50
    8.9 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells incubated for 72 hrs under hypoxic condition by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells incubated for 72 hrs under hypoxic condition by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 28075592]
    MDA-MB-231 GI50
    0.251 nM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells
    		[PMID: 29301085]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    0.025 μM
    Compound: gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 25350923]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    0.19 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 24 hrs by MTT colorimetric assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 24 hrs by MTT colorimetric assay
    		[PMID: 25703296]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    0.245 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21711054]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    0.65 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 26025875]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    0.818 μM
    Compound: GEM
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated in presence of 10 uM imatinib
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated in presence of 10 uM imatinib
    		[PMID: 35810950]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    1.15 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells expressing CD73 assessed as reduction in cell viability by CCK8 assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells expressing CD73 assessed as reduction in cell viability by CCK8 assay
    		[PMID: 33359608]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    1.67 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 27670098]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    11.4 nM
    Compound: gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 17887663]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    1567 nM
    Compound: dFdC
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 30716713]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    2.01 μM
    Compound: GEM
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    		[PMID: 35810950]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    2.1 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as cell viability after 24 hrs
    		[PMID: 33139111]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    2.22 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    		[PMID: 35217359]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    3.7 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 38547648]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    30 nM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Growth inhibition of human MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 hrs by Hoechst 33258 dye based fluorescence assay
    Growth inhibition of human MDA-MB-231 cells after 72 hrs by Hoechst 33258 dye based fluorescence assay
    		[PMID: 29253340]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    36.4 nM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 29795767]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    61.5 nM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTS assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 48 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 35737669]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    7.21 μM
    Compound: GEM
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth pretreated with hENT1 inhibitor, dipyridamole at 10 uM followed by compound addition
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth pretreated with hENT1 inhibitor, dipyridamole at 10 uM followed by compound addition
    		[PMID: 35810950]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    8 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 33964437]
    MDA-MB-231 IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against gemcitabine-resistant human MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against gemcitabine-resistant human MDA-MB-231 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 25350923]
    MES-SA IC50
    0.005 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human MES-SA cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MES-SA cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21711054]
    MES-SA/Dx5 IC50
    0.0092 μM
    Compound: gemcitabine
    In vitro cytotoxic activity against uterine sarcoma (MES-SA) cells assayed by inhibition of [3H]-labeled thymidine incorporation
    In vitro cytotoxic activity against uterine sarcoma (MES-SA) cells assayed by inhibition of [3H]-labeled thymidine incorporation
    		[PMID: 11728191]
    MIA PaCa-2 EC50
    0.0015 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human MIA PaCa-2 cells assessed as cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MIA PaCa-2 cells assessed as cell viability measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 28105281]
    MIA PaCa-2 EC50
    2 nM
    Compound: Gem
    Antiproliferative activity against human MIA PaCa-2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MIA PaCa-2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 37982711]
    MIA PaCa-2 EC50
    2 μM
    Compound: 1
    Cytotoxicity against human MIAPaCa2 cells after 5 days by PrestoBlue assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MIAPaCa2 cells after 5 days by PrestoBlue assay
    		[PMID: 24867590]
    MIA PaCa-2 GI50
    35.83 nM
    Compound: Gem
    Growth inhibition of human MIAPaCa2 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Growth inhibition of human MIAPaCa2 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 23094992]
    MIA PaCa-2 GI50
    35.83 μM
    Compound: Gem
    Growth inhibition of human MIAPaCa2 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Growth inhibition of human MIAPaCa2 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 22512908]
    MIA PaCa-2 IC50
    0.016 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human MIAPaCa2 cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MIAPaCa2 cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 30904782]
    MIA PaCa-2 IC50
    0.04 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human MIA PaCa-2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MIA PaCa-2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 38547648]
    MIA PaCa-2 IC50
    0.06 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine, Gemzar
    Cytotoxicity against human MIAPaCa2 cells after 72 hrs by resazurin assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MIAPaCa2 cells after 72 hrs by resazurin assay
    		[PMID: 22944119]
    MIA PaCa-2 IC50
    0.11 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human MIAPaCa2 cells assessed as decrease in cell proliferation after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MIAPaCa2 cells assessed as decrease in cell proliferation after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 29328656]
    MIA PaCa-2 IC50
    0.11 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human MIA PaCa-2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MIA PaCa-2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 35439009]
    MIA PaCa-2 IC50
    0.12 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human MIAPaCa2 cells after 70 hrs by alamar blue assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MIAPaCa2 cells after 70 hrs by alamar blue assay
    		[PMID: 29471119]
    MIA PaCa-2 IC50
    0.23 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human MIA PaCa-2 cells expressing CD73 assessed as reduction in cell viability by CCK8 assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MIA PaCa-2 cells expressing CD73 assessed as reduction in cell viability by CCK8 assay
    		[PMID: 33359608]
    MIA PaCa-2 IC50
    0.36 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human MIA PaCa-2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MIA PaCa-2 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    		[PMID: 35217359]
    MIA PaCa-2 IC50
    0.6 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human MIAPaCa2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT colorimetric assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MIAPaCa2 cells after 24 hrs by MTT colorimetric assay
    		[PMID: 25703296]
    MIA PaCa-2 IC50
    1.04 μM
    Compound: 1, dFdC, GEM, Gemcitabine
    Cytostatic activity against human MIAPaCa2 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytostatic activity against human MIAPaCa2 cells after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 24471998]
    MIA PaCa-2 IC50
    3.3 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against gemcitabine-resistant human MIAPaCa2 cells assessed as decrease in cell proliferation after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against gemcitabine-resistant human MIAPaCa2 cells assessed as decrease in cell proliferation after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 29328656]
    MKN-28 IC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: 1; dFdC
    Antiproliferative activity against human MKN28 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MKN28 cells after 48 hrs by sulforhodamine B assay
    		[PMID: 28495087]
    MRC5 IC50
    0.0063 μM
    Compound: 1, gemcitabine, GEM, dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 25874330]
    MRC5 IC50
    0.0068 μM
    Compound: 1, gemcitabine, GEM, dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells treated at LA + compound sequent. LA for 24 hrs), LA + GEM (24 hrs additional, total 48 hrs) 5:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells treated at LA + compound sequent. LA for 24 hrs), LA + GEM (24 hrs additional, total 48 hrs) 5:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    		[PMID: 25874330]
    MRC5 IC50
    0.0216 μM
    Compound: 1, gemcitabine, GEM, dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells treated at LA + compound sequent. LA for 24 hrs), LA + GEM (24 hrs additional, total 48 hrs) 2:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells treated at LA + compound sequent. LA for 24 hrs), LA + GEM (24 hrs additional, total 48 hrs) 2:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    		[PMID: 25874330]
    MRC5 IC50
    35.1 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 assessed as cell viability measured for 72 hrs by cell titer glo luminescent assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 assessed as cell viability measured for 72 hrs by cell titer glo luminescent assay
    		[PMID: 34342431]
    MRC5 IC50
    80 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human MRC5 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MRC5 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 33964437]
    MRC5 IC50
    < 0.0039 μM
    Compound: 1, gemcitabine, GEM, dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells treated at 2:1 and 5:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells treated at 2:1 and 5:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    		[PMID: 25874330]
    MRC5 IC50
    < 0.0039 μM
    Compound: 1, gemcitabine, GEM, dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells treated at LA + compound sequent. compound for 24 hrs, LA + compound for 24 hrs additional, total 48 hrs 2:1 and 5:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells treated at LA + compound sequent. compound for 24 hrs, LA + compound for 24 hrs additional, total 48 hrs 2:1 and 5:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    		[PMID: 25874330]
    MRC5 IC50
    > 50 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human MRC5 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 28221790]
    MRC5 IC50
    > 50 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human MRC5 cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human MRC5 cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 30281308]
    NCI-H146 IC50
    2.78 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H146 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H146 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21711054]
    NCI-H1975 IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: GCT
    Antiproliferative activity against gefitinib-resistant human NCI-H1975 cells harboring FAK after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay
    Antiproliferative activity against gefitinib-resistant human NCI-H1975 cells harboring FAK after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay
    		[PMID: 28576633]
    NCI-H23 GI50
    0.002 μM
    Compound: gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H23 cells after 5 days by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H23 cells after 5 days by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 19929004]
    NCI-H460 GI50
    2.085 nM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human H460 cells harboring dominant negative p53 construct
    Antiproliferative activity against human H460 cells harboring dominant negative p53 construct
    		[PMID: 29301085]
    NCI-H460 IC50
    0.0078 μM
    Compound: gemcitabine
    In vitro cytotoxic activity against nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NCI-H460) cells assayed by inhibition of [3H]-labeled thymidine incorporation
    In vitro cytotoxic activity against nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NCI-H460) cells assayed by inhibition of [3H]-labeled thymidine incorporation
    		[PMID: 11728191]
    NCI-H460 IC50
    0.23 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H460 cells after 48 hrs by WST-8 assay
    Cytotoxicity against human NCI-H460 cells after 48 hrs by WST-8 assay
    		[PMID: 22342146]
    NCI-H460 IC50
    10 nM
    Compound: dFdc
    Growth inhibition of H460 cells by SRB assay
    Growth inhibition of H460 cells by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 17602464]
    NCI-H460 IC50
    103 nM
    Compound: dFdc
    Growth inhibition of H460 cells by SRB assay in presence of dipyridamole
    Growth inhibition of H460 cells by SRB assay in presence of dipyridamole
    		[PMID: 17602464]
    NHDF IC50
    0.02 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against NHDF expressing p53 after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    Antiproliferative activity against NHDF expressing p53 after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    		[PMID: 20873740]
    NHDF IC50
    0.0221 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against NHDF expressing p53 gene after 72 hrs by proliferative assay
    Antiproliferative activity against NHDF expressing p53 gene after 72 hrs by proliferative assay
    		[PMID: 18469809]
    NHDF IC50
    19.45 μM
    Compound: 1; dFdC
    Cytotoxicity in human NHDF cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity in human NHDF cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 31400940]
    OVCAR-3 IC50
    67.18 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human OVCAR-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human OVCAR-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 38547648]
    OVCAR-8 IC50
    0.0026 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against p53 deficient human OVCAR8 cells after 72 hrs by proliferative assay
    Antiproliferative activity against p53 deficient human OVCAR8 cells after 72 hrs by proliferative assay
    		[PMID: 18469809]
    OVCAR-8 IC50
    0.003 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human p53 deficient OVCAR8 cells after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human p53 deficient OVCAR8 cells after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    		[PMID: 20873740]
    P388D1 IC50
    0.019 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against mouse P388D1 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against mouse P388D1 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21711054]
    PANC-1 EC50
    611 μM
    Compound: 1, dFdC, GEM, Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells assessed as cell viability by MTT assay in absence of hENT1 inhibitor dipyridamole
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells assessed as cell viability by MTT assay in absence of hENT1 inhibitor dipyridamole
    		[PMID: 24471998]
    PANC-1 EC50
    > 2000 μM
    Compound: 1, dFdC, GEM, Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells assessed as cell viability by MTT assay in presence of hENT1 inhibitor dipyridamole
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells assessed as cell viability by MTT assay in presence of hENT1 inhibitor dipyridamole
    		[PMID: 24471998]
    PANC-1 GI50
    5.8 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Growth inhibition of human PANC1 cells after 72 hrs by WST8 assay
    Growth inhibition of human PANC1 cells after 72 hrs by WST8 assay
    		[PMID: 28495081]
    PANC-1 IC50
    0.022 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC-1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC-1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 32736230]
    PANC-1 IC50
    0.11 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells after 48 hrs by WST-8 assay
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells after 48 hrs by WST-8 assay
    		[PMID: 22342146]
    PANC-1 IC50
    0.15 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human Panc-1 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human Panc-1 cells assessed as reduction in cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 32007666]
    PANC-1 IC50
    0.16 μM
    Compound: 1d
    Antiinvasive activity against human PANC1 cells measured after 18 hrs in presence of mitomycin C using crystal violet staining by inverted microscopy-based matrigel coated transwell assay
    Antiinvasive activity against human PANC1 cells measured after 18 hrs in presence of mitomycin C using crystal violet staining by inverted microscopy-based matrigel coated transwell assay
    		[PMID: 31026162]
    PANC-1 IC50
    0.16 μM
    Compound: 1d
    Antimigratory activity against human PANC1 cells measured after 18 hrs in presence of mitomycin C using crystal violet staining by inverted microscopy-based transwell assay
    Antimigratory activity against human PANC1 cells measured after 18 hrs in presence of mitomycin C using crystal violet staining by inverted microscopy-based transwell assay
    		[PMID: 31026162]
    PANC-1 IC50
    0.2 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC-1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC-1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 35439009]
    PANC-1 IC50
    0.4 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells after 72 hrs under normoxic condition by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells after 72 hrs under normoxic condition by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 29656202]
    PANC-1 IC50
    0.68 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC-1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC-1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 38547648]
    PANC-1 IC50
    1 nM
    Compound: GEM
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells by crystal violet staining
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells by crystal violet staining
    		[PMID: 20930123]
    PANC-1 IC50
    1.25 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC-1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC-1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 39151060]
    PANC-1 IC50
    1.34 μM
    Compound: GEM
    Antiproliferative activity against human PANC-1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    Antiproliferative activity against human PANC-1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    		[PMID: 35810950]
    PANC-1 IC50
    1.7 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells after 72 hrs under hypoxic condition by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells after 72 hrs under hypoxic condition by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 29656202]
    PANC-1 IC50
    10.988 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells incubated for 24 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 30904782]
    PANC-1 IC50
    30 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC-1 assessed as cell viability measured for 72 hrs by cell titer glo luminescent assay
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC-1 assessed as cell viability measured for 72 hrs by cell titer glo luminescent assay
    		[PMID: 34342431]
    PANC-1 IC50
    30.4 μM
    Compound: GCT
    Antiproliferative activity against human PANC1 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human PANC1 cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay
    		[PMID: 28576633]
    PANC-1 IC50
    4.2 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human PANC-1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human PANC-1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 33964437]
    PANC-1 IC50
    5.6 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 19362474]
    PANC-1 IC50
    5.9 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human PANC1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by WST-8 assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human PANC1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by WST-8 assay
    		[PMID: 31967821]
    PANC-1 IC50
    8.3 μM
    Compound: GEM
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC-1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC-1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 35380848]
    PANC-1 IC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: Gem
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC-1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs in nutrient-rich Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium by WST-8 assay
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC-1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 24 hrs in nutrient-rich Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium by WST-8 assay
    		[PMID: 35969895]
    PANC-1 IC50
    > 50 μM
    Compound: Gem
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC-1 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC-1 cells incubated for 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 38489997]
    PANC-1 IC50
    > 50 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 23489626]
    PANC-1 IC50
    > 500 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human PANC1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured after 48 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 32920143]
    PC-3 EC50
    0.065 μM
    Compound: 11
    Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 27032331]
    PC-3 GI50
    0.006 μM
    Compound: gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells after 5 days by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells after 5 days by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 19929004]
    PC-3 IC50
    0.0026 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells expressing p53 gene after 72 hrs by proliferative assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells expressing p53 gene after 72 hrs by proliferative assay
    		[PMID: 18469809]
    PC-3 IC50
    0.003 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human p53 deficient PC3 cells after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human p53 deficient PC3 cells after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    		[PMID: 20873740]
    PC-3 IC50
    0.04 μM
    Compound: gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells by sulforhodamine B method
    Cytotoxicity against human PC3 cells by sulforhodamine B method
    		[PMID: 19691349]
    PC-3 IC50
    0.22 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human PC-3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human PC-3 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 27670098]
    PC-3 IC50
    0.46 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human PC-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human PC-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 38547648]
    PC-3 IC50
    416 nM
    Compound: dFdC
    Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human PC3 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 30716713]
    PC-3 IC50
    546 nM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human PC-3 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human PC-3 cells measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 33223264]
    PC-3 IC50
    74 nM
    Compound: 1; dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human PC-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human PC-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 33479633]
    PLC-PRF-5 IC50
    1.53 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human PLC-PRF-5 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human PLC-PRF-5 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 27670098]
    PSN1 IC50
    0.005 μM
    Compound: 19
    Antiproliferative activity against human PSN1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured for 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human PSN1 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured for 72 hrs by CCK-8 assay
    		[PMID: 32858470]
    PSN1 IC50
    0.02 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human PSN1 cells expressing KRAS mutant cultured as 2D spheroids assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human PSN1 cells expressing KRAS mutant cultured as 2D spheroids assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 36709650]
    PSN1 IC50
    102.6 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human PSN1 cells expressing KRAS mutant cultured as 3D spheroids assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human PSN1 cells expressing KRAS mutant cultured as 3D spheroids assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 36709650]
    PaTu 8988t IC50
    2.8 nM
    Compound: GEM
    Cytotoxicity against human Patu-T cells by crystal violet staining
    Cytotoxicity against human Patu-T cells by crystal violet staining
    		[PMID: 20930123]
    RT-112 EC50
    1.4 nM
    Compound: 1, dFdC, GEM, Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human RT112 cells assessed as cell viability by MTT assay in absence of dCK substrate deoxycytidine
    Cytotoxicity against human RT112 cells assessed as cell viability by MTT assay in absence of dCK substrate deoxycytidine
    		[PMID: 24471998]
    RT-112 EC50
    104.9 nM
    Compound: 1, dFdC, GEM, Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human RT112 cells assessed as cell viability by MTT assay in presence of dCK substrate deoxycytidine
    Cytotoxicity against human RT112 cells assessed as cell viability by MTT assay in presence of dCK substrate deoxycytidine
    		[PMID: 24471998]
    Ramos EC50
    uM μM
    Compound: 11
    Cytotoxicity against human Ramos cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human Ramos cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 27032331]
    Ramos IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: GCT
    Antiproliferative activity against human Ramos cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human Ramos cells after 72 hrs by CCK8 assay
    		[PMID: 28576633]
    SCC-25 IC50
    0.047 μM
    Compound: dFdc
    Inhibitory activity against SCC-25 (human, squamous cell carcinoma, tongue) cell line
    Inhibitory activity against SCC-25 (human, squamous cell carcinoma, tongue) cell line
    		[PMID: 12954073]
    SF-268 IC50
    0.01 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human p53 deficient SF268 cells after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human p53 deficient SF268 cells after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    		[PMID: 20873740]
    SF-268 IC50
    0.0103 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against p53 deficient human SF268 cells after 72 hrs
    Antiproliferative activity against p53 deficient human SF268 cells after 72 hrs
    		[PMID: 18469809]
    SF-539 IC50
    0.0198 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human SF539 cells expressing p53 gene after 72 hrs by proliferative assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human SF539 cells expressing p53 gene after 72 hrs by proliferative assay
    		[PMID: 18469809]
    SF-539 IC50
    0.02 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human SF539 cells expressing p53 after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human SF539 cells expressing p53 after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    		[PMID: 20873740]
    SGC-7901 IC50
    3.58 μM
    Compound: 7
    Cytotoxicity against human SGC7901 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human SGC7901 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		10.1039/C5MD00158G
    SGC-7901 IC50
    9.32 μM
    Compound: GEM
    Antiproliferative activity against human SGC-7901 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    Antiproliferative activity against human SGC-7901 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    		[PMID: 35810950]
    SK-LU-1 IC50
    0.055 μM
    Compound: dFdc
    Inhibitory activity against SK-LU-1 (human,lung,adenocarcinoma) cell line
    Inhibitory activity against SK-LU-1 (human,lung,adenocarcinoma) cell line
    		[PMID: 12954073]
    SK-MEL-2 IC50
    7.11 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human SK-MEL-2 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human SK-MEL-2 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21711054]
    SK-MES-1 IC50
    1.22 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human SK-MES-1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human SK-MES-1 cells assessed as inhibition of cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 38547648]
    SK-N-AS IC50
    1.1 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human SK-N-AS cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human SK-N-AS cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21711054]
    SK-OV-3 IC50
    0.44 μM
    Compound: GEM
    Antiproliferative activity against human SK-OV-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    Antiproliferative activity against human SK-OV-3 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    		[PMID: 35810950]
    SK-OV-3 IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human SKOV3 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human SKOV3 cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21711054]
    SMMC-7721 IC50
    0.46 μM
    Compound: Gem
    Cytotoxicity against human SMMC-7721 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 96 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human SMMC-7721 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth incubated for 96 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 38716896]
    SMMC-7721 IC50
    1.4 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Anticancer activity against human SMMC-7721 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Anticancer activity against human SMMC-7721 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 33444848]
    SNU-449 IC50
    > 10 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human SNU-449 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    Cytotoxicity against human SNU-449 cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth
    		[PMID: 38848113]
    SW-620 GI50
    0.84 nM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human SW620 cells
    Antiproliferative activity against human SW620 cells
    		[PMID: 29301085]
    SW-620 GI50
    24.1 nM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Growth inhibition of human SW620 cells expressing p53 mutant assessed as reduction in cell growth incubated for 48 hrs
    Growth inhibition of human SW620 cells expressing p53 mutant assessed as reduction in cell growth incubated for 48 hrs
    		[PMID: 18790776]
    SW-620 IC50
    5.62 μM
    Compound: 7
    Cytotoxicity against human SW620 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human SW620 cells assessed as inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		10.1039/C5MD00158G
    SW1573 IC50
    16 nM
    Compound: dFdc
    Growth inhibition of SW1573 cells by SRB assay
    Growth inhibition of SW1573 cells by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 17602464]
    SW1573 IC50
    275 nM
    Compound: dFdc
    Growth inhibition of SW1573 cells by SRB assay in presence of dipyridamole
    Growth inhibition of SW1573 cells by SRB assay in presence of dipyridamole
    		[PMID: 17602464]
    SW1573 IC50
    8.3 μM
    Compound: gemicitabine
    Cytotoxicity against SW1573 cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against SW1573 cells after 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 17419604]
    SW1990 IC50
    1.2 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human SW1990 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human SW1990 cells after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 19362474]
    SW1990 IC50
    1.6 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxic activity against human SW1990 cells
    Cytotoxic activity against human SW1990 cells
    		[PMID: 24195466]
    SW1990 IC50
    2.2 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human SW1990 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability
    Cytotoxicity against human SW1990 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability
    		[PMID: 25105722]
    SW1990 IC50
    2.3 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human SW1990 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human SW1990 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 27966950]
    SW1990 IC50
    25.4 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human SW1990 assessed as cell viability measured for 72 hrs by cell titer glo luminescent assay
    Cytotoxicity against human SW1990 assessed as cell viability measured for 72 hrs by cell titer glo luminescent assay
    		[PMID: 34342431]
    SW1990 IC50
    40.19 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Anticancer activity against human SW1990 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 72 hrs by Cell-Titre Glo luminescent cell viability assay
    Anticancer activity against human SW1990 cells assessed as cell growth inhibition measured after 72 hrs by Cell-Titre Glo luminescent cell viability assay
    		[PMID: 34838335]
    SW480 IC50
    0.0136 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against p53 deficient human SW480 cells after 72 hrs by proliferative assay
    Antiproliferative activity against p53 deficient human SW480 cells after 72 hrs by proliferative assay
    		[PMID: 18469809]
    SW480 IC50
    1.7 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human p53 deficient SW480 cells after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human p53 deficient SW480 cells after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    		[PMID: 20873740]
    T-24 IC50
    0.0069 μM
    Compound: 1, gemcitabine, GEM, dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human T24 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity against human T24 cells after 48 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 25874330]
    T-24 IC50
    0.017 μM
    Compound: 1, gemcitabine, GEM, dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human T24 cells treated at LA + compound sequent. LA for 24 hrs), LA + GEM (24 hrs additional, total 48 hrs) 5:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    Cytotoxicity against human T24 cells treated at LA + compound sequent. LA for 24 hrs), LA + GEM (24 hrs additional, total 48 hrs) 5:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    		[PMID: 25874330]
    T-24 IC50
    0.018 μM
    Compound: 1, gemcitabine, GEM, dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human T24 cells treated at LA + compound sequent. LA for 24 hrs), LA + GEM (24 hrs additional, total 48 hrs) 2:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    Cytotoxicity against human T24 cells treated at LA + compound sequent. LA for 24 hrs), LA + GEM (24 hrs additional, total 48 hrs) 2:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    		[PMID: 25874330]
    T-24 IC50
    10.15 μM
    Compound: Cpd G
    Antiproliferative activity against human T-24 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured upto 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human T-24 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability measured upto 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 32827851]
    T-24 IC50
    10.15 μM
    Compound: Gem
    Antiproliferative activity against human T24 cells measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human T24 cells measured after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 35434624]
    T-24 IC50
    < 0.0039 μM
    Compound: 1, gemcitabine, GEM, dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human T24 cells treated at 2:1 and 5:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    Cytotoxicity against human T24 cells treated at 2:1 and 5:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    		[PMID: 25874330]
    T-24 IC50
    < 0.0039 μM
    Compound: 1, gemcitabine, GEM, dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human T24 cells treated at LA + compound sequent. compound for 24 hrs, LA + compound for 24 hrs additional, total 48 hrs 2:1 and 5:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    Cytotoxicity against human T24 cells treated at LA + compound sequent. compound for 24 hrs, LA + compound for 24 hrs additional, total 48 hrs 2:1 and 5:1 alpha-lipoic acid to compound ratio after 48 hrs by SRB assay in presence of alpha-lipoic acid
    		[PMID: 25874330]
    TRAMP-C1A IC50
    0.0037 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against mouse TRAMP-C1A cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against mouse TRAMP-C1A cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 27010926]
    TRAMP-C1A IC50
    3.7 nM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against mouse TRAMP-C1A cells
    Antiproliferative activity against mouse TRAMP-C1A cells
    		[PMID: 31945642]
    TRAMP-C2H IC50
    0.0037 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against mouse TRAMP-C2H cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hs by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against mouse TRAMP-C2H cells assessed as inhibition of cell growth measured after 72 hs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 27010926]
    TRAMP-C2H IC50
    3.7 nM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against mouse TRAMP-C2H cells
    Antiproliferative activity against mouse TRAMP-C2H cells
    		[PMID: 31945642]
    U-266 IC50
    0.22 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human U266 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human U266 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 27670098]
    U-373MG ATCC IC50
    0.13 μM
    Compound: dFdc
    Inhibitory activity against U373-MG (human, glioblastoma) cell line
    Inhibitory activity against U373-MG (human, glioblastoma) cell line
    		[PMID: 12954073]
    U-87MG ATCC EC50
    > 100 μM
    Compound: 11
    Cytotoxicity against human U87 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human U87 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 27032331]
    U-87MG ATCC IC50
    1.49 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human U87MG cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    Cytotoxicity against human U87MG cells after 3 days by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 21711054]
    U-87MG ATCC IC50
    5.21 μM
    Compound: 1; dFdC
    Cytotoxicity in human U87 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    Cytotoxicity in human U87 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by SRB assay
    		[PMID: 31400940]
    U-87MG ATCC IC50
    8.2 nM
    Compound: gem; dFdC
    Cytotoxicity against human U87 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by AlamarBlue assay
    Cytotoxicity against human U87 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability incubated for 72 hrs by AlamarBlue assay
    		[PMID: 31469566]
    U-937 IC50
    0.07 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human U937 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human U937 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay
    		[PMID: 27670098]
    U2OS IC50
    0.0907 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human U2OS cells expressing p53 gene after 72 hrs by proliferative assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human U2OS cells expressing p53 gene after 72 hrs by proliferative assay
    		[PMID: 18469809]
    U2OS IC50
    0.18 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human U2OS cells expressing p53 after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human U2OS cells expressing p53 after 72 hrs by celltiter-glo assay
    		[PMID: 20873740]
    U2OS IC50
    0.18 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human U2OS cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    Cytotoxicity against human U2OS cells assessed as cell growth inhibition after 72 hrs by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 28221790]
    U2OS IC50
    0.18 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytostatic activity against human U2OS cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    Cytostatic activity against human U2OS cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 30108897]
    U2OS IC50
    0.18 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Antiproliferative activity against human U2OS cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    Antiproliferative activity against human U2OS cells after 3 days by MTS assay
    		[PMID: 30281308]
    U373-MAGI CC50
    284 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Increase of 5-Aza-C-mediated cytotoxicity against human U373-MAGI cells at 2.5 nM preincubated for 2 hrs followed by 5-Aza-C addition for 2 hrs measured after 72 hrs by Celltiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay (Rvb = 387 uM)
    Increase of 5-Aza-C-mediated cytotoxicity against human U373-MAGI cells at 2.5 nM preincubated for 2 hrs followed by 5-Aza-C addition for 2 hrs measured after 72 hrs by Celltiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay (Rvb = 387 uM)
    		[PMID: 27117260]
    U373-MAGI CC50
    62 μM
    Compound: dFdC, Gem, Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against human U373-MAGI cells by CellTitre-Glo assay
    Cytotoxicity against human U373-MAGI cells by CellTitre-Glo assay
    		[PMID: 24120088]
    U373-MAGI EC50
    27.5 nM
    Compound: dFdC, Gem, Gemcitabine
    Antiviral activity against HIV1 infected in human U373-MAGI cells incubated for 2 hrs prior to viral infection followed by compound washout after 24 hrs measured 72 hrs post-infection by flow cytometry
    Antiviral activity against HIV1 infected in human U373-MAGI cells incubated for 2 hrs prior to viral infection followed by compound washout after 24 hrs measured 72 hrs post-infection by flow cytometry
    		[PMID: 24120088]
    U373-MAGI EC50
    53.5 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Potentiation of 5-Aza-C-induced antiviral activity against VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 NL4-3 infected in human U373-MAGI cells assessed as 5-Aza-C EC50 at 2.5 nM preincubated for 2 hrs followed by 5-Aza-C addition for 2 hrs and subsequent viral infection measured at 72 hrs post infection by flow cytometric analysis (Rvb = 136 uM)
    Potentiation of 5-Aza-C-induced antiviral activity against VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1 NL4-3 infected in human U373-MAGI cells assessed as 5-Aza-C EC50 at 2.5 nM preincubated for 2 hrs followed by 5-Aza-C addition for 2 hrs and subsequent viral infection measured at 72 hrs post infection by flow cytometric analysis (Rvb = 136 uM)
    		[PMID: 27117260]
    Vero CC50
    0.0043 μM
    Compound: Gemcitabine
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell growth by coulter counter analysis
    Cytotoxicity against African green monkey Vero cells assessed as reduction in cell growth by coulter counter analysis
    		[PMID: 33479570]
    WM 266-4 IC50
    17.8 μM
    Compound: GEM
    Inhibition of cell growth in human WM266-4 cells measured after 24 hrs
    Inhibition of cell growth in human WM266-4 cells measured after 24 hrs
    		[PMID: 34967607]
    In Vitro

    Gemcitabine (15 nM, 48 h) exerts synergistic cytotoxicity with Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) (HY-N0170) in BxPC-3 cells via enhancing the I3C-induced upregulation of hENT1 protein expression in pancreatic cancer cell lines such as BxPC-3, Mia Paca-2, and PANC-1[1].
    Gemcitabine (48 h) inhibits BxPC-3, Mia Paca-2, PANC-1, PL-45 and AsPC-1 cells with IC50s of 37.6, 42.9, 92.7, 89.3 and 131.4 nM, respectively[1].
    Gemcitabine (10 μM, 24-72 h) induces apoptosis in PK-1 and PCI-43 human pancreatic cancer cells via activating p38 MAPK signaling pathway[2].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Gemcitabine Related Antibodies

    Cell Cytotoxicity Assay[1]

    Cell Line: hTERT-HPNE and BxPC-3 cells cells pretreated with I3C (50 μM) for 24 h
    Concentration: 15 nM
    Incubation Time: 48 h
    Result: Resulted in 31% cell death of BxPC-3 cells at 15 nM.
    Resulted in 72% cell death of BxPC-3 cells when combined with Indole-3-carbinol.
    Did not affect hTERT-HPNE cell viability.

    Western Blot Analysis[1]

    Cell Line: BxPC-3, PANC-1, Mia Paca-2, AsPC-1 cells (pretreated with I3C (50 μM) for 24 h)
    Concentration: 15 nM
    Incubation Time: 48 h
    Result: Increased hENT1 protein expression in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells when combined with I3C, compared to I3C alone.
    Showed no further increase in hENT1 protein expression in Mia Paca-2 cells.
    Did not affect hENT1 expression in AsPC-1 cells alone.
    Increased hENT1 expression to 3.4-fold in AsPC-1 cells when combined with I3C.

    Western Blot Analysis[2]

    Cell Line: PK-1 and PCI-43 cells
    Concentration: 10 μM
    Incubation Time: 24 h
    Result: Had little effect on the phosphorylation status of Akt, ERK1/2, and JNK.
    Dramatically increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK.
    In Vivo

    Gemcitabine (50 mg/kg, i.p., twice weekly until the endpoint) increases median survival, inhibits tumor growth, reduces the incidence and multiplicity of pancreatic tumors, and decreases metastasis to the liver in LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Trp53R172H; Pdx-1-Cre mice[3].
    Gemcitabine (10 mg/kg, i.v., every 3 days for 21 days) inhibits tumor growth in 4T1 xenograft mouse model[4].

    MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

    Animal Model: LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Trp53R172H; Pdx-1-Cre mice (1 month old)[3]
    Dosage: 50 mg/kg
    Administration: i.p., twice weekly until the endpoint
    Result: Significantly increased median survival and decreased the incidence and multiplicity of pancreatic adenocarcinomas.
    Significantly decreased tumor size and the incidence of metastasis to the liver when combined with DMAPT (HY-16172).
    Increased the levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-17 in mouse plasma.
    Decreased levels of NF-κB target cytokines IL-12p40, MCP-1, and TNF-α, when combined with DMAPT.
    Reduced MIP-1β and Eotaxin levels when combined with DMAPT.
    Animal Model: Female BALB/c mice (5‑6 weeks old) subcutaneously injected with 4T1 cells[4]
    Dosage: 10 mg/kg
    Administration: i.v., every 3 days for 21 days
    Result: Significantly inhibited tumor growth.
    Showed no significant decrease in body weight.
    Exhibited mild signs of organ toxicity, including liver inflammation and lung interstitial edema.
    Exhibited extensive cell atrophy and nuclear apoptosis compared with the control group.
    Clinical Trial
    Molecular Weight

    263.20

    Formula

    C9H11F2N3O4
    CAS No.
    Appearance

    Solid

    Color

    White to off-white

    SMILES

    NC(C=CN1[C@H]2C(F)(F)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)=NC1=O
    Shipping

    Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
    Storage

    4°C, protect from light

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

    Solvent & Solubility
    In Vitro: 

    DMSO : 200 mg/mL (759.88 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

    Ethanol : 12.5 mg/mL (47.49 mM; Need ultrasonic)

    H2O : 6.25 mg/mL (23.75 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C)

    Preparing
    Stock Solutions
    Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
    1 mM 3.7994 mL 18.9970 mL 37.9939 mL
    5 mM 0.7599 mL 3.7994 mL 7.5988 mL
    View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

    • Molarity Calculator

    • Dilution Calculator

    Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

    Mass
    =
    Concentration
    ×
    Volume
    ×
    Molecular Weight *

    Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)

    This equation is commonly abbreviated as: C1V1 = C2V2

    Concentration (start)

    C1

    ×
    Volume (start)

    V1

    =
    Concentration (final)

    C2

    ×
    Volume (final)

    V2

    In Vivo:

    Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

    For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
    To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for in vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    40% PEG300    5% Tween-80    45% Saline

      Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (19.00 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

      Preparation of Saline: Dissolve 0.9 g sodium chloride in ddH₂O and dilute to 100 mL to obtain a clear Saline solution.
    • Protocol 2

      Add each solvent one by one:  10% DMSO    90% (20% SBE-β-CD in Saline)

      Solubility: ≥ 5 mg/mL (19.00 mM); Clear solution

      This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 5 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

      Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (50.0 mg/mL) to 900 μL 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline, and mix evenly.

      Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C, storage for one week): 2 g SBE-β-CD powder is dissolved in 10 mL Saline, completely dissolve until clear.

    For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly. It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
    The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

    • Protocol 1

      Add each solvent one by one:  PBS

      Solubility: 25 mg/mL (94.98 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic

    In Vivo Dissolution Calculator
    Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

    Dosage

    mg/kg

    Animal weight
    (per animal)

    g

    Dosing volume
    (per animal)

    μL

    Number of animals

    Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.
    Please enter your animal formula composition:
    %
    DMSO +
    % 
    +
    %
    Tween-80 +
    %
    Saline
    Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
    The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Calculation results:
    Working solution concentration: mg/mL
    Method for preparing stock solution: mg drug dissolved in μL  DMSO (Stock solution concentration: mg/mL).

    *In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

    The concentration of the stock solution you require exceeds the measured solubility. The following solution is for reference only. If necessary, please contact MedChemExpress (MCE).
    Method for preparing in vivo working solution for animal experiments: Take μL DMSO stock solution, add μL . μL , mix evenly, next add μL Tween 80, mix evenly, then add μL Saline.
     If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.
    Please ensure that the stock solution in the first step is dissolved to a clear state, and add co-solvents in sequence. You can use ultrasonic heating (ultrasonic cleaner, recommended frequency 20-40 kHz), vortexing, etc. to assist dissolution.
    Purity & Documentation

    Purity: 99.95%

    SDS (394 KB)

    COA (254 KB) HNMR (247 KB) RP-HPLC (277 KB) MS (69 KB)

    Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
    References

    Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

    * Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
    Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

    Optional Solvent Concentration Solvent Mass 1 mg 5 mg 10 mg 25 mg
    H2O / Ethanol / DMSO 1 mM 3.7994 mL 18.9970 mL 37.9939 mL 94.9848 mL
    5 mM 0.7599 mL 3.7994 mL 7.5988 mL 18.9970 mL
    10 mM 0.3799 mL 1.8997 mL 3.7994 mL 9.4985 mL
    15 mM 0.2533 mL 1.2665 mL 2.5329 mL 6.3323 mL
    20 mM 0.1900 mL 0.9498 mL 1.8997 mL 4.7492 mL
    Ethanol / DMSO 25 mM 0.1520 mL 0.7599 mL 1.5198 mL 3.7994 mL
    30 mM 0.1266 mL 0.6332 mL 1.2665 mL 3.1662 mL
    40 mM 0.0950 mL 0.4749 mL 0.9498 mL 2.3746 mL
    DMSO 50 mM 0.0760 mL 0.3799 mL 0.7599 mL 1.8997 mL
    60 mM 0.0633 mL 0.3166 mL 0.6332 mL 1.5831 mL
    80 mM 0.0475 mL 0.2375 mL 0.4749 mL 1.1873 mL
    100 mM 0.0380 mL 0.1900 mL 0.3799 mL 0.9498 mL

    * Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.

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    Gemcitabine Related Classifications

    Help & FAQs
    • Do most proteins show cross-species activity?

      Species cross-reactivity must be investigated individually for each product. Many human cytokines will produce a nice response in mouse cell lines, and many mouse proteins will show activity on human cells. Other proteins may have a lower specific activity when used in the opposite species.

    Keywords:

    Gemcitabine95058-81-4LY 188011LY188011LY-188011Nucleoside Antimetabolite/AnalogDNA/RNA SynthesisAutophagyApoptosisp38 MAPKInhibitorinhibitorinhibit

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