Sulfur-containing cytotoxic curvularin macrolides from Penicillium sumatrense MA-92, a fungus obtained from the rhizosphere of the mangrove Lumnitzera racemosa

Sumalarins A-C (1-3), the new and rare examples of sulfur-containing curvularin derivatives, along with three known analogues (4-6), were isolated and identified from the cytotoxic extract of Penicillium sumatrense MA-92, a fungus obtained from the rhizosphere of the mangrove Lumnitzera racemosa . Their structures were established by detailed interpretation of NMR and MS data, and compound 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compounds 1-3 and 5 showed potent cytotoxicity against some of the tested tumor cell lines. Sulfur substitution at C-11 or a double bond at C-10 significantly increased the cytotoxic activities of the curvularin analogues.