EIF3G Protein, Human (His-SUMO)

The EIF3G protein functions as an RNA-binding component within the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, a crucial player in various steps of protein synthesis initiation. The eIF-3 complex, associated with the 40S ribosome, facilitates the recruitment of essential factors, such as eIF-1, eIF-1A, eIF-2:GTP:methionyl-tRNAi, and eIF-5, to form the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC). Subsequently, EIF3G, as part of the eIF-3 complex, promotes mRNA recruitment to the 43S PIC and scanning for AUG recognition. Furthermore, it plays a key role in the disassembly and recycling of post-termination ribosomal complexes, preventing premature joining of the 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits before initiation. The eIF-3 complex, including EIF3G, selectively targets and initiates translation of specific mRNAs involved in cell proliferation, influencing processes like cell cycling, differentiation, and apoptosis. Through different modes of RNA stem-loop binding, EIF3G can exert either translational activation or repression. In the context of microbial infection, such as FCV infection, EIF3G is implicated in the ribosomal termination-reinitiation event leading to the translation of specific viral proteins.