S100A8 Protein, Human (sf9, His)

S100A8 consists of calcium and zinc bound S100A8, which plays a critical regulatory role in inflammation and immune responses. As calprotectin, it contributes to leukocyte function, regulates the cytoskeleton, and activates intracellular NADPH oxidase. S100A8 Protein, Human (sf9, His) is the recombinant human-derived S100A8 protein, expressed by Sf9 insect cells , with C-His labeled tag. The total length of S100A8 Protein, Human (sf9, His) is 93 a.a., with molecular weight of ~14.6 kDa.

The S100A8, consisting of calcium- and zinc-binding S100A8, plays a crucial role in regulating inflammatory processes and immune responses. Often found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9), it serves diverse intracellular functions, including facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulating the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during phagocyte migration, and activating the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase. In particular, it activates NADPH-oxidase by aiding in the assembly of the enzyme complex at the cell membrane, transferring arachidonic acid, and directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX. Extracellularly, it exhibits pro-inflammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging, and apoptosis-inducing activities. Acting as an alarmin or danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, S100A8 stimulates innate immune cells through binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER), activating MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways and amplifying the pro-inflammatory cascade. With antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi, it likely exerts this effect through Zn(2+) chelation essential for microbial growth. Additionally, S100A8/A9 induces cell death via autophagy and apoptosis, regulates neutrophil number and apoptosis, and acts as an oxidant scavenger to prevent tissue damage. Its role as an amplifier of inflammation in autoimmunity and cancer development is notable, and in microbial infection, such as by SARS-CoV-2, it may induce expansion of aberrant immature neutrophils in a TLR4-dependent manner.

Human

Sf9 insect cells

C-His

P05109 (M1-E93)

6279  [NCBI]

Approximately 14.6 kDa

Greater than 90% as determined by reducing SDS-PAGE

<1 EU/μg, determined by LAL method.