TRDC Protein, Human (HEK293, His)

TRDC is the constant region of the T cell receptor (TR) delta chain involved in antigen recognition. Gamma-delta TRs recognize diverse self and foreign non-peptide antigens, often expressed at epithelial host-environment interfaces, including endogenous lipids presented by MH-like protein CD1D and phosphoantigens presented by butyrophilin-like molecule BTN3A1. Antigen recognition triggers rapid, innate-like immune responses for pathogen clearance and tissue repair. Binding of gamma-delta TR complex to antigen induces phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in CD3 chains by LCK and FYN kinases, recruiting and activating ZAP70 to phosphorylate scaffolding proteins LCP2 and LAT. This forms a supramolecular signalosome recruiting phospholipase PLCG1, leading to calcium mobilization and ERK activation, ultimately driving T cell expansion and effector differentiation. Gamma-delta TRs are generated through somatic rearrangement of limited variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) gene segments. Their diversity stems from tandem (D) gene rearrangement and utilization of all three reading frames, further enhanced by exonuclease trimming and random nucleotide (N) additions during V-(D)-J recombination.