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Colistin sulfate is a polypeptide antibiotic which inhibits gram-negative bacteria by binding to lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids in the outer cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria.
Nourseothricin sulfate (Streptothricin sulfate) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that destroys the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is a dominant selective marker for Fonsecaea pedrosoi . Nourseothricin sulfate inhibits protein biosynthesis in prokaryotic cells and strongly inhibits the growth of eukaryotes like fungi and can also be used as a elective marker for a wide range of organisms including bacteria, yeast, filamentous fungi, and plant cells .
Polymyxin B nonapeptide is a cyclic peptide obtained from Polymyxin B by proteolytic removal of its terminal amino acyl residue. Polymyxin B nonapeptide is less toxic, lacks bactericidal activity, and retains its ability to render gram-negative bacteria susceptible to several antibiotics by permeabilizing their outer membranes .
Cefepime (BMY-28142) is a broad-spectrum, blood-brain barrier-permeable cephalosporin antibiotic with hPON1 inhibitory activity, with an IC50 of 21.115 mM and a Ki of 35.092 mM. Cefepime inhibits hPON1 via a non-competitive mechanism and blocks GABAA receptors. Cefepime penetrates the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, inhibits the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and does not induce the production of β-lactamase .
Lolamicin is an orally effective inhibitor that specifically targets the Gram-negative bacteria lipoprotein transport system LolCDE complex. It selectively inhibits the transmembrane transport of outer membrane lipoproteins by competitively binding to lipoprotein binding sites. Lolamicin destroys the integrity of the bacterial outer membrane, leading to cell death, and has both bactericidal and antibacterial activity. It has significant effects on multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae pathogens (such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae). Lolamicin can be used to inhibit the study of acute pneumonia, sepsis and other infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria .
SPR206 acetate is a polymyxin analog with antibiotic activity against Gram-negative pathogens, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) variants. SPR206 acetate has an anti-bacterial infection effect by interacting with the bacterium’s outer membrane. The MIC values of SPR206 acetate against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pa14 and Acinetobacter baumannii NCTC13301 are both 0.125 mg/L .
MTX115325 (Example 1) is an orally active, brain-penetrating USP30 inhibitor (IC50=12 nM) with neuroprotective activity. MTX115325 increases ubiquitination (EC50=32 nM) of the mitochondrial outer membrane protein TOM20 (a USP30 substrate), increasing mitophagy. MTX115325 prevents dopaminergic neuron loss and preserves striatal dopamine .
TMB is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outer membrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 .
N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine is a dye that fluoresces strongly when bound to the inner phospholipid bilayer of Gram-negative bacteria. N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine can be used to measure outer membrane permeability. N-Phenylnaphthalen-1-amine is a fluorescence probe for odorant-binding proteins (OBP) with a dissociation constant of 1.67 μM. N-Phenylnaphthalen-1-amine exhibits an excitation wavelength of 337 nM and an emission wavelength of 407 nM .
Phthalaldehyde reacts with proteins containing primary amines and blocked amino-terminal peptides of amino acids. Phthalaldehyde stabilizes bacterial outer membranes and cell walls, increases the optical density of bacterial cell suspensions, and inhibits bacterial lysis induced by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Phthalaldehyde exhibits bactericidal activity against Gram-negative vegetative bacteria .
Octenyl succinic anhydride is a versatile chemical intermediate. Octenyl succinic anhydride can undergo esterification with polysaccharides such as starch and Inulin (HY-N7075). Octenyl succinic anhydride affects the intermolecular interactions on the outer surfaces of two starch granules by altering the molecular surface structure. Octenyl succinic anhydride modifies the properties of polysaccharides. Octenyl succinic anhydride can be used for starch esterification to produce OS-starch, an amphiphilic hydrocolloid .
Cefepime (BMY-28142) Dihydrochloride Monohydrate is a broad-spectrum, blood-brain barrier-permeable cephalosporin antibiotic with hPON1 inhibitory activity, with an IC50 of 21.115 mM and a Ki of 35.092 mM. Cefepime Dihydrochloride Monohydrate inhibits hPON1 via a non-competitive mechanism and blocks GABAA receptors. Cefepime Dihydrochloride Monohydrate penetrates the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, inhibits the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and does not induce the production of β-lactamase .
7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin is a NOS uncoupling inducer with blood-brain barrier permeability, and it is a reduced non-conjugated pteridine. 7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin is the main metabolite of 4-amino-tetrahydro-L-biopterin, and it undergoes photooxidation to form biopterin. 7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin promotes the conversion of nitric oxide synthase to a superoxide-producing form, thereby increasing oxidative stress levels in the renal outer medulla and inducing apoptosis. 7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin is sensitive to the inhibitory effect of SOD, and it can be applied to research related to salt-sensitive hypertension, moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases .
5-Hydroxydecanoate sodium is a selective ATP-sensitive K + (KATP) channel blocker (IC50 of ~30 μM). 5-Hydroxydecanoate sodium is a substrate for mitochondrial outer membrane acyl-CoA synthetase and has antioxidant activity .
Zymolyase, Arthrobacter luteus, is a zymolyase mainly found in Arthrobacter luteus. Enzyme, an enzyme with beta-1,3 glucanase activity, removes the electron-dense outer layer of the Plasmodium karinii cell wall, exposing an electron-lucent layer .
BI-6C9 is a highly specific BH3 interacting domain (Bid) inhibitor, which prevents mitochondrial outer membrane potential (MOMP) and mitochondrial fission, and protects the cells from mitochondrial apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) release and caspase-independent cell death in neurons .
LAH4, an alpha-helix of the designed amphipathic peptide antibiotic, exhibits potent antimicrobial, nucleic acid transfection and cell penetration activities. LAH4 possesses high plasmid DNA delivery capacities. LAH4 has a strong affinity for anionic lipids found in the outer membrane of bacterial membranes .
SPR741 (NAB741) is a cationic peptide derived from polymyxin B and is a potentiator molecule. SPR741 increases the permeability of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is used to treat severe Gram-negative bacteria infections. SPR741 inhibits multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The spectrum of activity of the antibiotic can be widened when used in combination with SPR741 .
Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) is a quorum-sensing signaling molecule produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The synthesis of Pseudomonas quinolone signal relies on the las quorum-sensing system, and its biological activity is associated with the rhl system. Pseudomonas quinolone signal regulates the expression of the virulence gene lasB. Additionally, Pseudomonas quinolone signal plays roles in iron acquisition, cytotoxicity, outer-membrane vesicle biogenesis, and host immune modulation .
TMB dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride form of TMB (HY-15930). TMB dihydrochloride is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB dihydrochloride can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB dihydrochloride can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outer membrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 .
MSN-50 is a Bax and Bak oligomerization inhibitor. MSN-50 efficiently inhibits liposome permeabilization, prevents genotoxic cell death and promotes neuroprotection .
Thanatin is an inducible cationic antimicrobial peptide. Thanatin is a pathogen-inducible single-disulfide-bond-containing β-hairpin AMP. Thanatin displays broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as against various species of fungi with MICs of 0.3-40 µM, 0.6-40 µM and 0.6-20 µM, respectively. Thanatin has the property of competitive replacement of divalent cations from bacterial outer membrane (OM), leading to OM disruption .
Thanatin TFA is an inducible cationic antimicrobial peptide. Thanatin TFA s a pathogen-inducible single-disulfide-bond-containing β-hairpin AMP. Thanatin TFA displays broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as against various species of fungi with MICs of 0.3-40 µM, 0.6-40 µM and 0.6-20 µM, respectively. Thanatin TFA has the property of competitive replacement of divalent cations from bacterial outer membrane (OM), leading to OM disruption .
Fenticonazole Nitrate is an antifungal imidazole ring derivative. Fenticonazole Nitrate operates via hindering ergosterol integration, and sequentially destructing the cytoplasmatic outer membrane. Fenticonazole Nitrate is effective against Gram-positive bacteria, mycoses, and vaginal candidiasis .
Colistin (sulfate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Colistin (sulfate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Colistin sulfate is a polypeptide antibiotic which inhibits gram-negative bacteria by binding to lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids in the outer cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria.
Drp1-IN-1 is a dynamin-1-like protein (Drp1) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.91 μM. Drp1 mediates the fission of the outer mitochondrial membrane. Drp1-IN-1 can be used to study diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction .
SPR741 acetate (NAB741 acetate) is a cationic peptide derived from polymyxin B and is a potentiator molecule. SPR741 acetate increases the permeability of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is used to treat severe Gram-negative bacteria infections. SPR741 acetate inhibits multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The spectrum of activity of the antibiotic can be widened when used in combination with SPR741 acetate .
FT3967385 (FT385) is a selective covalent inhibitor that targets the outer mitochondrial membrane deubiquitinase (Deubiquitinase) USP30 (IC50 = 1.5 nM, Ki = 0.014 μM). By inhibiting the enzymatic activity of USP30, FT3967385 relieves its negative regulation of the PINK1-Parkin mediated mitochondrial ubiquitination cascade, thereby enhancing mitophagy. FT3967385 can be used for mechanistic studies of neurodegenerative diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, such as Parkinson's disease .
Hexokinase (ScHEX1) (EC 2.7.1.1) is a glycolytic enzyme hexokinase that is inhibited by n-acetylglucosamine. Inhibition of Hexokinase (ScHEX1) by n-acetylglucosamine leads to its separation from the mitochondrial outer membrane, resulting in activation of NLRP3 inflammasome .
MRL-494 hydrochloride, an antibacterial agent, is a inhibitor of β-barrel assembly machine A (BamA) impervious to efflux and the outer membrane permeability barrier. MRL-494 hydrochloride can inhibits Gram-positive (MIC of 12.5 μM for Staphylococcus aureus COL) and Gram-negative (MIC of 25 μM for E. coli JCM158) bacterias .
Polybia-MP1 is an antimicrobial peptide with antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities. Polybia-MP1 selectively targets cancer cells by interacting with PS and PE in the outer leaflet of cell membranes, and induces necrosis via pore formation. Polybia-MP1 exhibits antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Polybia-MP1 can be used in research related to bacterial infections, fungal infections and cancers .
Tachyplesin I is a β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide that contains 17 amino acid residues. Tachyplesin I exhibits cytotoxic properties against various human tumor cell lines acting primarily by impairing the integrity of the outer cell membrane .
Polymyxin B nonapeptide TFA is a cyclic peptide obtained from Polymyxin B by proteolytic removal of its terminal amino acyl residue. Polymyxin B nonapeptide TFA is less toxic, lacks bactericidal activity, and retains its ability to render gram-negative bacteria susceptible to several antibiotics by permeabilizing their outer membranes .
TSPO ligand-1 is the ligand of AUTAC4 (HY-134640) that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs. TSPO ligand-1 is a mitochondrial outer membrane transmembrane structural domain protein can bind to AUTAC4 and regulate mitochondrial autophagy to promote targeted mitochondrial renewal. TSPO ligand-1 is also involved in the transport of cholesterol from the outer to inner mitochondrial membrane and serves as a sensitive biomarker of brain injury and neurodegeneration .
VU591 is a potent, selective renal outer medullary potassium channel (ROMK or Kir1.1) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.24 μM. VU591 can be used for neurological research with HY-108585 (the equivalent of VU591 hydrochloride) .
LAH4 TFA, an alpha-helix of the designed amphipathic peptide antibiotic, exhibits potent antimicrobial, nucleic acid transfection and cell penetration activities. LAH4 TFA possesses high plasmid DNA delivery capacities. LAH4 TFA has a strong affinity for anionic lipids found in the outer membrane of bacterial membranes .
3-Campholenyl-2-butanol, a synthetic sandalwood odorant, is a selective olfactory receptor OR2AT4 agonist. 3-Campholenyl-2-butanol prolongs human hair growth ex vivo by decreasing apoptosis and increasing production of the anagen-prolonging growth factor IGF-1 in the outer root sheath (ORS) .
γ-glutamyltransferase, Porcine kidney (GGT, Porcine kidney) is an enzyme located on the outer surface of the cell membrane. γ-glutamyltransferase, Porcine kidney maintains the physiological concentration of cytoplasmic glutathione and the cell's defense against oxidative stress by cleaving extracellular glutathione and increasing the availability of amino acids. γ-glutamyltransferase, Porcine kidney is used for pancreatic cancer research .
Lewis X trisaccharide (Lewis X, Le x) is a potent TH2 regulator, antagonizes LPS-induced IL-12 immune expression. Lewis X trisaccharide is a human histo-blood group antigen, plays an key role in cell-cell adhesion, and servers as a tumor marker. Lewis X trisaccharide is highly expressed in the outer membrane of the parasite, can be used for the immunology research of schistosomiasis .
MSN-125 is a potent Bax and Bak oligomerization inhibitor. MSN-125 prevents mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) with an IC50 of 4 μM. MSN-125 potently inhibits Bax/Bak-mediated apoptosis in HCT-116, BMK Cells, and primary cortical neurons, protects primary neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity .
3-(N-Maleimidopropionyl)biocytin is a cysteine-specific labeling reagent and non-membrane-permeable probe. 3-(N-Maleimidopropionyl)biocytin covalently modifies the exposed cysteine residues of yeast Tim44, conjugating the biotin moiety to the polypeptide chain. 3-(N-Maleimidopropionyl)biocytin determines the topology of membrane proteins by modifying the exposed cysteine residues on the outer side of the inner mitochondrial membrane .
SHBG 141-161 is a GPRC6A receptor agonist. SHBG 141-161 mimics the action of GPRC6A endogenous agonist uncarboxylated osteocalcin by binding to GPRC6A and promoting downstream signaling to increase testosterone and insulin secretion. SHBG 141-161 also reduces the affinity of GPRC6A to GDP protein by binding to the outer cell domain of GPRC6A thus affecting the dynamics of signal transduction. SHBG 141-161 can be used to study GPRC6A in energy metabolism and endocrine regulation .
JB-95, a β-hairpin macrocyclic peptide, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. JB-95 can selectively disrupt the outer membrane but not the inner membrane of E. coli .
VU591 hydrochloride is a potent, selective renal outer medullary potassium channel (ROMK or Kir1.1) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 0.24 μM. VU591 hydrochloride can be used for neurological research with HY-108585A (the equivalent of VU591 hydrochloride) .
TSPO Ligand-Linker Conjugates 1 contains a ligand for translocator protein (TSPO) and a linker, which is used for the synthesis of mitochondria-targeting autophagy-targeting chimera (AUTAC). AUTAC can bind the TSPO on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) of mitochondria and degrades impaired mitochondria and proteins via mitophagy, and improves mitochondrial activity. TSPO Ligand-Linker Conjugates 1 can be used in mitochondrial dysfunction related research, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes .
TMB monosulfate is the monosulfate form of TMB (HY-15930). TMB monosulfate is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB monosulfate can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB monosulfate can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outer membrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 .
MK-8153 is a potent, selective and orally active inhibitor of renal outer medullary potassium channel (ROMK), with IC50s of 5 nM, 34 μM for ROMK electrophysiology (EP) and hERG EP, respectively. MK-8153 can be used as the diuretic/atriuretic .
(Rac)-SOPC ((Rac)-PC(18:0/18:1)) ((Rac)-2-Oleoyl-1-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is the racemate of SOPC (HY-W440982). SOPC is an asymmetrical phospholipid with saturated fatty acid (stearic acid/18:0) at sn-1 position and unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid/18:1) at sn-2 position. SOPC can stabilize the outer segment membrane of frog rods .
Mitogenic Pentapeptide (Tripalmitoyl pentapeptide) is an effective activator of B lymphocyte mitogen and polyclonal. Mitogen Pentapeptide is a synthetic N-terminal analog of E. coliouter membrane lipoproteins. Mitogenic Pentapeptide can be used for the study of immune adjuvants .
(±)-threo-3-Methylglutamic acid is a potent EAAT2/4 inhibitor. (±)-threo-3-Methylglutamic acid also is an ionotropic glutamate receptor agonist. (±)-threo-3-Methylglutamic acid inhibits glutamate uptake by rod outer segments .
MRL-494, an antibacterial agent, is a inhibitor of β-barrel assembly machine A (BamA) impervious to efflux and the outer membrane permeability barrier. MRL-494 can inhibits Gram-positive (MIC of 12.5 μM for Staphylococcus aureus COL) and Gram-negative (MIC of 25 μM for E. coli JCM158) bacterias .
β-Cyclodextrin hydrate (Betadex hydrate) is a cyclic oligosaccharide composed of seven glucose units, featuring a hydrophobic central cavity and a hydrophilic outer surface. β-Cyclodextrin hydrate is utilized in an immunoassay method that leverages the complex formed by β-Cyclodextrin hydrate with small molecules to enhance the sensitivity of the immunodetection for these small molecules. β-Cyclodextrin hydrate is applicable for research in biosensing and immunoanalysis .
Brevicidine is an antimicrobial peptide with selective bactericidal activity against Gram-negative pathogens. Brevicidine disrupts bacterial morphology by binding to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the bacterial cell membrane to form pores. Brevicidine causes dissipation of intracellular proton motive force, outer membrane damage, inhibition of ATP biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species accumulation in bacterial cells. As a sensitizer, Brevicidine exerts synergistic activity when combined with a variety of conventional antibiotics .
Cefepime (BMY-28142) hydrochloride is a broad-spectrum, blood-brain barrier-permeable cephalosporin antibiotic with hPON1 inhibitory activity, with an IC50 of 21.115 mM and a Ki of 35.092 mM. Cefepime hydrochloride inhibits hPON1 via a non-competitive mechanism and blocks GABAA receptors. Cefepime hydrochloride penetrates the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, inhibits the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and does not induce the production of β-lactamase .
Cefepime (BMY-28142) Dihydrochloride Monohydrate (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cefepime Dihydrochloride Monohydrate. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cefepime Dihydrochloride Monohydrate is a broad-spectrum, blood-brain barrier-permeable cephalosporin antibiotic with hPON1 inhibitory activity, with an IC50 of 21.115 mM and a Ki of 35.092 mM. Cefepime Dihydrochloride Monohydrate inhibits hPON1 via a non-competitive mechanism and blocks GABAA receptors. Cefepime Dihydrochloride Monohydrate penetrates the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, inhibits the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and does not induce the production of β-lactamase.
(KFF)3K is a cell penetrating peptide that can promote the absorption of other antibiotics by disrupting the outer membrane of bacteria. (KFF)3K can be introduced into a hydrocarbon scaffold to induce its antibacterial properties, making it an effective antimicrobial peptide. (KFF)3K can be used in the development of new antimicrobial agents .
N-Benzylethylenediamine is a polyamine compound. N-Benzylethylenediamine can effectively release Ca 2+ from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli (ED50: 200-500 μM), but cannot induce TPP + uptake .
TP0427736 is a selective inhibitor of ALK5 with an IC50 of 2.72 nM. TP0427736 inhibits Smad2/3 phosphorylation in A549 cells. TP0427736 decreases the growth inhibition of human outer root sheath cells .
Bid BH3 peptide is a small peptide derived from Bid protein that can bind and activate the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak, leading to mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and apoptosis. Bid BH3 peptide can be used to study mitochondrial bioenergetics .
Efflux pump-IN-4 is an AcrB efflux pump inhibitor, with ability to potentiate the effect of antibiotics. Efflux pump-IN-4 inhibits Nile Red (a known substrate of AcrB) efflux. Efflux pump-IN-4 does not disrupts the bacterial outer membrane nor display toxicity in a nematode model .
(S)-Lercanidipine is a calcium channel blocker with antihypertensive and neuroprotective activities. (S)-Lercanidipine reduces oxidative stress and protects auditory sensory hair cells from noise-induced damage. (S)-Lercanidipine showed significant protective effects on cell viability in in vitro experiments, especially at low concentrations. (S)-Lercanidipine has been found to effectively reduce the hearing threshold of mice after noise stimulation and protect the survival of outer hair cells. The antioxidant properties of (S)-Lercanidipine are reflected in its increased expression of antioxidant enzyme genes and decreased expression of oxidative enzyme genes. (S)-Lercanidipine administration is effective in reducing noise-induced hearing loss both before and after noise exposure. (S)-Lercanidipine may alleviate noise-induced hearing loss and protect the survival of outer hair cells through its antioxidant mechanism .
T-1228 is a highly selective LpxC inhibitor. T-1228 can effectively block the synthesis of LPS (HY-D1056), causing defects in the bacterial outer membrane structure, increasing membrane permeability, and ultimately leading to bacterial cell death. T-1228 can be used for the study of Gram-negative bacterial infections .
Lytx-Pa2a (Lycotoxin-Pa2a) is a peptide inhibitor against bacterial membranes and TLR4 receptor. Lytx-Pa2a exerts antimicrobial effects via non-competitive disruption of outer/cytoplasmic membranes and suppression of LPS-induced TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Lytx-Pa2a is promising for research of bacterial infection and inflammation-related disease (e.g., sepsis) .
BRD1401 is a small molecule targeting the outer membrane protein OprH. BRD1401 disrupts the interaction of OprH with LPS. BRD1401 can increase membrane fluidity .
Tachyplesin I TFA is a β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide that contains 17 amino acid residues. Tachyplesin I TFA exhibits cytotoxic properties against various human tumor cell lines acting primarily by impairing the integrity of the outer cell membrane .
MsbA-IN-1 is a highly potent MsbA inhibitor with IC50 of 4 nM. MsbA-IN-1 has activity against wild-type E. coli with MIC of 79 μM. MsbA-IN-1 possesses sufficient permeability across the fully intact outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria to inhibit MsbA .
Antibacterial agent 231 (derivative 8) is an antimicrobial agent against multidrug-resistant Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.25–0.5 μg/mL. Antibacterial agent 231 directly targets the protein transposase subunit SecA and the outer membrane protein assembly factor BamD to inhibit the trafficking and assembly of bacterial outer membrane proteins (OMPs). Antibacterial agent 231 can be used to study the effects of antibiotic treatment on intestinal microbial balance .
Polymyxin B nonapeptide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Polymyxin B nonapeptide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Polymyxin B nonapeptide is a cyclic peptide obtained from Polymyxin B by proteolytic removal of its terminal amino acyl residue. Polymyxin B nonapeptide is less toxic, lacks bactericidal activity, and retains its ability to render gram-negative bacteria susceptible to several antibiotics by permeabilizing their outer membranes[1][2][3].
Polymyxin B nonapeptide (TFA) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Polymyxin B nonapeptide (TFA). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Polymyxin B nonapeptide TFA is a cyclic peptide obtained from Polymyxin B by proteolytic removal of its terminal amino acyl residue. Polymyxin B nonapeptide TFA is less toxic, lacks bactericidal activity, and retains its ability to render gram-negative bacteria susceptible to several antibiotics by permeabilizing their outer membranes[1][2][3].
(E)-2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-(4-(diethylamino)styryl)pyrylium (trifluoromethanesulfonate) (Compound 4a) is a Gram-negative outer membrane permeabilizer with synergistic antibacterial activity through the blockage on LptA/LptC interaction via targeting Met47 in LptA. (E)-2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-(4-(diethylamino)styryl)pyrylium (trifluoromethanesulfonate) potentiates pol B against both wild-typed and MDR A. baumannii and E. coli strains. (E)-2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-(4-(diethylamino)styryl)pyrylium (trifluoromethanesulfonate) can be used as antibiotic adjuvants against MDR Gram-negative bacteria .
Cyclic L27-11 is a cyclic peptide-like antibiotic with strong antibacterial activity against specific bacteria such as Pseudomonas sp. Cyclic L27-11 shows nanomolar antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas sp., especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cyclic L27-11 interferes with the function of bacterial outer membrane protein LptD, preventing the normal transport of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), leading to the accumulation of membrane-like substances in bacterial cells, which in turn affects the survival of bacteria. Cyclic L27-11 can be used in the development of antibacterial agents .
(RFR)4XB is a cationic membrane-penetrating peptide. (RFR)4XB carries its cargo (the antisense oligomer) across the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria .
ient S. Tm and hyperpermeable Escherichia coli. The potencies against WT strains of E. coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Burkholderia cenocepacia are also improved considerably (up to >128-fold) with the outer-membrane permeabi
JB-95 acetate, a β-hairpin macrocyclic peptide, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. JB-95 acetate can selectively disrupt the outer membrane but not the inner membrane of E. coli .
22:0 PC (1,2-Didocosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), a type of phosphatidylcholine, functions as a lung surfactant and is characterized as an amphipathic molecule predominantly found in the outer leaflets of biological membrane bilayers.
BMS-986308 is a selective and orally active renal outer medullary potassium (ROMK) channel inhibitor. BMS-986308 is selective for ROMK over hERG. BMS-986308 can be used for heart failure research .
Antibacterial agent 204 (Compd P2-56-3) possesses potentiated Rifampin (RIF) activity against Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antibacterial agent 204 (Compd P2-56-3) disrupts the outer membrane of A. baumannii. T .
AcrB-IN-2 is an AcrB efflux pump inhibitor, with ability to potentiate the effect of antibiotics. AcrB-IN-22 inhibits Nile Red (a known substrate of AcrB) efflux.AcrB-IN-2 does not disrupts the bacterial outer membrane nor display toxicity in a nematode model .
BRD-9327 is an inhibitor of EfpA. BRD-9327 binds in the outer vestibule without complete blockade of the substrate path to the outside, suggesting its possible inhibition of the movement necessary for alternate access of the transporter. BRD-9327 can be used for anti-tuberculosis study .
Efflux pump-IN-3 is an AcrB efflux pump inhibitor, with ability to potentiate the effect of antibiotics. Efflux pump-IN-3 inhibits Nile Red (a known substrate of AcrB) efflux. Efflux pump-IN-3 does not disrupts the bacterial outer membrane nor display toxicity in a nematode model .
Fenticonazole (Nitrate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Fenticonazole (Nitrate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Fenticonazole Nitrate is an antifungal imidazole ring derivative. Fenticonazole Nitrate operates via hindering ergosterol integration, and sequentially destructing the cytoplasmatic outer membrane. Fenticonazole Nitrate is effective against Gram-positive bacteria, mycoses, and vaginal candidiasis .
PF-06807656 is a selective renal outer medullarypotassium channel (ROMK or Kir1.1) inhibitor. PF-06807656 has an IC50 of 61 nM against hROMK in patch-clamp assays. PF-06807656 exhibits high selectivity for inhibiting rat ROMK and is insensitive to N171D pore mutations. PF-06807656 may be used in cardiovascular disease research .
SPR741 TFA (NAB741 TFA) is a cationic peptide derived from polymyxin B and is a potentiator molecule. SPR741 TFA increases the permeability of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is used to treat severe Gram-negative bacteria infections. SPR741 TFA inhibits multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The spectrum of activity of the antibiotic can be widened when used in combination with SPR741 TFA .
DiSBAC10 is a voltage-sensitive fluorescent probe used to study cell membrane electrical activity in FRET assays. In a resting polarized cell, DiSBAC10 resides on the outer leaflet of the membrane where it accepts photons from excited fluorescein-labeled proteins and re-emits the photons at a higher wavelength. Depolarization of the cell causes rapid translocation of DiSBAC10 to the inner leaflet of the membrane, thereby increasing the distance between fluorophores and reducing the FRET signal.
Cefepime (BMY-28142) chloride is a broad-spectrum, blood-brain barrier-permeable cephalosporin antibiotic with hPON1 inhibitory activity, with an IC50 of 21.115 mM and a Ki of 35.092 mM. Cefepime chloride inhibits hPON1 via a non-competitive mechanism and blocks GABAA receptors. Cefepime chloride penetrates the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, inhibits the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and does not induce the production of β-lactamase .
Mol4 (AK-918/41759663) is a highly selective BCL-2 protein inhibitor (IC50=153.3 μM). Mol4 induces mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and cytochrome c release, showing significant antiproliferative activity against glioblastoma (U87-MG) cell lines. Mol4 is promising for research of BCL-2-dependent tumors (e.g., chronic lymphocytic leukemia) .
DRAMP18563 (MAP-04-02) is a linear antimicrobial peptide that can act as a delivery vector to transport dual-ring peptide inhibitors that cannot penetrate the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria to their target sites. DRAMP18563 can be used to study the delivery strategies of dual-ring peptide inhibitors .
3-Deoxyanguibactin is a siderophore and Fe(III) chelator/iron delivery agent. 3-Deoxyanguibactin binds Fe(III) with 2:1 stoichiometry in liquid phase, delivers iron into Acinetobacter baumannii cells, and relies on the BauA outer membrane receptor and bau transport system for cellular entry. 3-Deoxyanguibactin can be used for the research of acinetobacter baumannii infection .
CyLip-20 is a cyclic lipopeptide antimicrobial peptide that targets Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. CyLip-20 exhibits low hemolytic activity and mild in vivo toxicity. CyLip-20 disrupts the integrity of bacterial outer membrane, inner membrane and cytoplasmic membrane by binding to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), triggering membrane permeabilization, depolarization and leakage of intracellular contents, and inhibits bacterial biofilm formation. In animal models, CyLip-20 reduces the bacterial load in skin wounds of mice infected with MRSA, promotes wound healing, decreases the levels of inflammatory cytokines and reduces inflammatory cell infiltration. CyLip-20 can be used in research related to MRSA skin wound infections .
Antibacterial agent 336 is an antibacterical agent with broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Antibacterial agent 336 binds tightly via its pyridine group to the carboxyl group, Lys-465 residue, and Leu-480 residue of the MsbA protein, interfering with bacterial outer membrane synthesis, and exerts concentration-dependent bactericidal activity against bacterial. Antibacterial agent 336 has low cytotoxicity to normal human liver cells. Antibacterial agent 336 can be used for the research of bacterial infections .
FuK is a WK2-analog antimicrobial peptide modified with fluorinated unnatural amino acids. FuK has an LD50 of 72.34 mg/kg in mice, shows no hemolytic activity, with high stability against trypsin, chymotrypsin, and saline environments. FuK exerts bactericidal effects by enhancing the permeability of bacterial outer membranes, inducing depolarization of cytoplasmic membranes, and disrupting membrane potential balance against bacterias such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and MRSA. FuK exhibits synergistic antimicrobial activity with polymyxin B (HY-149179), vancomycin (HY-B0671), and ciprofloxacin (HY-B0356), and also inhibits Ciprofloxacin-induced bacterial drug resistance. FuK has in vivo safety, effectively reduces bacterial load and inflammatory cell infiltration in a mouse MRSA model, and promotes collagen fiber formation in skin wounds .
Brevicidine TFA is an antimicrobial peptide with selective bactericidal activity against Gram-negative pathogens. Brevicidine TFA disrupts bacterial morphology by binding to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the bacterial cell membrane to form pores. Brevicidine TFA causes dissipation of intracellular proton motive force, outer membrane damage, inhibition of ATP biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species accumulation in bacterial cells. As a sensitizer, Brevicidine TFA exerts synergistic activity when combined with a variety of conventional antibiotics .
Phthalaldehyde-d4 (Phthaldialdehyde-d4) is the deuterium labeled Phthalaldehyde (HY-W012669). Phthalaldehyde reacts with proteins containing primary amines and blocked amino-terminal peptides of amino acids. Phthalaldehyde stabilizes bacterial outer membranes and cell walls, increases the optical density of bacterial cell suspensions, and inhibits bacterial lysis induced by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Phthalaldehyde exhibits bactericidal activity against Gram-negative vegetative bacteria.
DD-S067 is an antibacterial peptide. DD-S067 exhibits multiple antibacterial mechanisms, including disrupting both the outer and inner bacterial membranes, and inducing ROS that trigger lipid peroxidation. DD-S067 inhibits the electron transport chain. DD-S067 demonstrates potent antibacterial activity, achieving a GM value of 4.1 μM against 27 MDR bacteria. DD-S067 exhibits significant protective effects in a CRAB-induced septic shock mouse model .
TMB (Standard) is the analytical standard of TMB. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. TMB is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outer membrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 .
TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) is the dihydrochloride x hydrate form of TMB (HY-15930). TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outer membrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 .
BI-6C9 (Standard) is the analytical standard of BI-6C9 (HY-103661). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. BI-6C9 is a highly specific BH3 interacting domain (Bid) inhibitor, which prevents mitochondrial outer membrane potential (MOMP) and mitochondrial fission, and protects the cells from mitochondrial apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) release and caspase-independent cell death in neurons .
Cefepime (BMY-28142) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Cefepime. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cefepime is a broad-spectrum, blood-brain barrier-permeable cephalosporin antibiotic with hPON1 inhibitory activity, with an IC50 of 21.115 mM and a Ki of 35.092 mM. Cefepime inhibits hPON1 via a non-competitive mechanism and blocks GABAA receptors. Cefepime penetrates the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, inhibits the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and does not induce the production of β-lactamase .
Cefepime-d8 (BMY-28142-d8) sulfate is deuterium labeled Cefepime sulfate. Cefepime sulfate is a broad-spectrum, blood-brain barrier-permeable cephalosporin antibiotic with hPON1 inhibitory activity, with an IC50 of 21.115 mM and a Ki of 35.092 mM. Cefepime sulfate inhibits hPON1 via a non-competitive mechanism and blocks GABAA receptors. Cefepime sulfate penetrates the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, inhibits the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and does not induce the production of β-lactamase.
Cefepime-d3 (BMY-28142-d3) sulfate is deuterium labeled Cefepime sulfate. Cefepime sulfate is a broad-spectrum, blood-brain barrier-permeable cephalosporin antibiotic with hPON1 inhibitory activity, with an IC50 of 21.115 mM and a Ki of 35.092 mM. Cefepime sulfate inhibits hPON1 via a non-competitive mechanism and blocks GABAA receptors. Cefepime sulfate penetrates the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, inhibits the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and does not induce the production of β-lactamase.
CAP 3 is a cholic acid-peptide conjugate (CAP) antimicrobial agent. CAP 3 effectively inhibits Gram-negative bacteria, with MIC99 (minimum inhibitory concentration for 99% bacterial killing) values of 8 μM, 16 μM, and 16 μM against E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii, respectively. CAP 3 exerts its antibacterial effects by disrupting the structural integrity of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) outer membrane. CAP 3 rapidly kills bacteria, inhibits biofilm formation, and effectively combats drug-resistant strains and persistent bacterial infections .
Isethionic acid is a calcium binder and anionic detergent that enhances mitochondrial calcium binding capacity by competitively binding to calcium binding sites on the outer mitochondrial membrane. Isethionic acid can inhibit calcium-activated mitochondrial respiration. Isethionic acid inhibits barnacle (Balanus amphitrite) larvae with LC50s of 23 μg/mL (24 h) and 17 μg/mL (48 h), respectively. Isethionic acid can inhibit the attachment of barnacle larvae (complete inhibition at 10 μg/mL) and regulate mitochondrial calcium transport, and can enhance ATP-dependent calcium uptake at high calcium concentrations. Isethionic acid can be used to study the mechanism of mitochondrial calcium metabolism.
MitoBloCK-1 (MB-1) is an inhibitor that blocks the import of substrates that use the TIM22 import pathway. MitoBloCK-1 inhibits import by preventing binding of substrate to tim9/10 complex to the substrate, thus the substrate failed to be reach the TIM22 translocon. MitoBloCK-1 inhibits protein import of TIM22 substrates into mitochondria. MitoBloCK-1 attenuates the import of the carrier proteins including the ADP/ATP and phosphate carriers. MitoBloCK-1 also inhibits the import of an additional carrier protein, PiC, and the outer membrane protein Tom40 .
(KFF)3K-acpP is an antibacterial agent conjugating of cell penetrating peptide (KFF)3K (HY-P10556) and acpP peptide nucleic acid. (KFF)3K-acpP binds to the translation start site region of acpP mRNA, sterically blocking ribosome binding and inhibiting translation of the acyl carrier protein. (KFF)3K-acpP induces bacterial envelope stress response pathways, and triggers depletion of outer membrane protein F (ompF) transcript. (KFF)3K-acpP can be used for the research of infections .
VU590 dihydrochloride is a potent and moderately selective ROMK (Kir1.1) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 290 nM. VU590 also inhibits Kir7.1, with an IC50 of 8 μM. VU590 dihydrochloride is not a good probe of ROMK function in the kidney .
Ferrioxamine B is a bacterial desferrioxamine siderophore produced by actinomycetes. Ferrioxamine B acts as a ligand for FpvB and FoxA, and is transported into Pseudomonas aeruginosa via the FpvB and FoxA transporters. Ferrioxamine B competitively binds to FpvB, thereby antagonizing the uptake of thiostrepton into Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ferrioxamine B can provide an iron source to support the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa under iron-limiting conditions .
VU590 is a potent and moderately selective ROMK (Kir1.1) inhibitor, with an IC50 of 290 nM. VU590 also inhibits Kir7.1, with an IC50 of 8 μM. VU590 is not a good probe of ROMK function in the kidney .
wkwkwNGwkwkw-NH2 is a self-assembling β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide. wkwkwNGwkwkw-NH2 self-assembles into nanofibers. wkwkwNGwkwkw-NH2 interacts with LPS on the surface of the bacterial membrane and then disrupts the bacterial outer membrane, inner membrane, and cytoplasmic membrane to exert its antibacterial effects. wkwkwNGwkwkw-NH2 has high antibacterial activity and low hemolytic activity. wkwkwNGwkwkw-NH2 significantly reduces the S. aureus ATCC 25923 load at the skin wound. wkwkwNGwkwkw-NH2 displays synergistic effects when combined with antibiotics. wkwkwNGwkwkw-NH2 facilitates wound healing .
Bucladesine (Dibutyryl cAMP; DBcAMP) hemicalcium is a membrane-permeable 3′, 5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analog. Bucladesine selectively activates cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) by increasing the intracellular level of cAMP. Bucladesine significantly attenuates MDMA-induced increases in hippocampal mitochondrial ROS formation, mitochondrial outer membrane damage, cytochrome c release, and hippocampal ADP/ATP ratio, thereby improving spatial learning and memory impairments. Bucladesine exhibit anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammation effect. Bucladesine can inhibit cancer cells proliferation, induce apoptosis. Bucladesine can be used for the researches of neurological disease, cancer, inflammation .
Erucamide is an orally active, blood-brain barrier-permeable TMEM19 ligand and T3SS inhibitor. Erucamide exerts retinal neuroprotective effects in mouse models of retinal degeneration. Erucamide attenuates depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in mice.\n\nErucamide binds to the conserved hydrophobic pocket in HrcC, disrupts its outer membrane localization, and blocks T3SS-mediated effector protein secretion in Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. Erucamide enhances the antimicrobial immunity of plants against pathogenic bacteria. Erucamide can be used in research related to retinitis pigmentosa, anxiety and depression, bacterial wilt, and bacterial blight .
Bucladesine (Dibutyryl cAMP; DBcAMP) sodium is a membrane-permeable 3′, 5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analog. Bucladesine selectively activates cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) by increasing the intracellular level of cAMP. Bucladesine significantly attenuates MDMA-induced increases in hippocampal mitochondrial ROS formation, mitochondrial outer membrane damage, cytochrome c release, and hippocampal ADP/ATP ratio, thereby improving spatial learning and memory impairments. Bucladesine exhibit anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammation effect. Bucladesine can inhibit cancer cells proliferation, induce apoptosis. Bucladesine can be used for the researches of neurological disease, cancer, inflammation .
Bucladesine (Dibutyryl cAMP; DBcAMP) is a membrane-permeable 3′, 5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analog. Bucladesine selectively activates cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) by increasing the intracellular level of cAMP. Bucladesine significantly attenuates MDMA-induced increases in hippocampal mitochondrial ROS formation, mitochondrial outer membrane damage, cytochrome c release, and hippocampal ADP/ATP ratio, thereby improving spatial learning and memory impairments. Bucladesine exhibit anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammation effect. Bucladesine can inhibit cancer cells proliferation, induce apoptosis. Bucladesine can be used for the researches of neurological disease, cancer, inflammation .
EYE-003 is an orally active RPE65 inhibitor with an IC50 of 102 nM. EYE-003 regulates the visual cycle in mice by reducing 11-cis-retinal (11cRAL) (HY-116711) synthesis and increasing all-trans-retinyl esters (atREs). EYE-003 suppresses scotopic ERG b-wave amplitude and exerts protective effects against retinal degeneration in Abca4 ⁻/⁻ Rdh8 ⁻/⁻ mice (a STGD1 model) by reducing retinal autofluorescent puncta and preserving outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness in a dose-dependent manner. EYE-003 can be used for the study of visual cycle-associated retinopathies, such as Stargardt disease type 1 (STGD1) .
Capreomycin IA is a bactericidal agent targeting bacterial ribosomes, with activity limited primarily to mycobacteria. Capreomycin IA blocks translocation of peptidyl-transfer RNA from the A to the P site to inhibit protein synthesis. Capreomycin IA exerts activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Capreomycin IA can be used for the research of tuberculosis .
LpxH-IN-3 is a Klebsiella pneumoniaeLpxH inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.17 μM. LpxH-IN-3 binds to the L-shaped hydrophobic binding pocket of Klebsiella pneumoniae LpxH, forms hydrogen bonds and other interactions with key residues, disrupts lipid A biosynthesis, and induces bacterial death. LpxH-IN-3 exhibits moderate antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. LpxH-IN-3 can be used for the research of klebsiella pneumoniae infection .
PA-SiR-Halo is a photoactivatable fluorophore targeting HaloTag. When bound to HaloTag, PA-SiR-Halo stabilizes its fluorescent form under physiological pH. After conjugation and photoactivation, it exhibits enhanced resistance to nucleophiles, and enables live-cell confocal imaging, fixed-cell single-molecule localization microscopy imaging, live-cell single-particle tracking, as well as live-cell single-molecule localization microscopy imaging of dynamic mitochondrial structures without the need for washing .
NADH (disodium salt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of NADH (disodium salt). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin is a NOS uncoupling inducer with blood-brain barrier permeability, and it is a reduced non-conjugated pteridine. 7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin is the main metabolite of 4-amino-tetrahydro-L-biopterin, and it undergoes photooxidation to form biopterin. 7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin promotes the conversion of nitric oxide synthase to a superoxide-producing form, thereby increasing oxidative stress levels in the renal outer medulla and inducing apoptosis. 7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin is sensitive to the inhibitory effect of SOD, and it can be applied to research related to salt-sensitive hypertension, moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases .
Bucladesine (Dibutyryl cAMP; DBcAMP) sodium (GMP) is a Bucladesine sodium (HY-B0764) produced by using GMP guidelines. Bucladesine (Dibutyryl cAMP; DBcAMP) is a membrane-permeable 3′, 5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analog. Bucladesine selectively activates cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) by increasing the intracellular level of cAMP. Bucladesine significantly attenuates MDMA-induced increases in hippocampal mitochondrial ROS formation, mitochondrial outer membrane damage, cytochrome c release, and hippocampal ADP/ATP ratio, thereby improving spatial learning and memory impairments. Bucladesine exhibit anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammation effect. Bucladesine can inhibit cancer cells proliferation, induce apoptosis. Bucladesine can be used for the researches of neurological disease, cancer, inflammation .
Bucladesine (Dibutyryl cAMP; DBcAMP) sodium (Standard) is the analytical standard of Bucladesine sodiumn (HY-B0764). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Bucladesine is a membrane-permeable 3′, 5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analog. Bucladesine selectively activates cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) by increasing the intracellular level of cAMP. Bucladesine significantly attenuates MDMA-induced increases in hippocampal mitochondrial ROS formation, mitochondrial outer membrane damage, cytochrome c release, and hippocampal ADP/ATP ratio, thereby improving spatial learning and memory impairments. Bucladesine exhibit anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammation effect. Bucladesine can inhibit cancer cells proliferation, induce apoptosis. Bucladesine can be used for the researches of neurological disease, cancer, inflammation .
Scytonemin is a hydrophobic alkaloid pigment that can be isolated from the outer sheath of cyanobacteria. Scytonemin has protective function against short-wave solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the formation of DNA damage. Scytonemin also has anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities, produces concentration-dependent inhibition (IC50=2.0 μM) of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1)-mediated cdc25C phosphorylation, and plays an important role in regulating the G2/M transition in the cell cycle. It can be used in the research of cancer, acute inflammation and sunscreen cosmetics .
HVF18-a3-d is an antimicrobial peptide. HVF18-a3-d reduces NO production. HVF18-a3-d inhibits the production of TNF-α and IL-6, reduces ROS production, and suppresses the TLR4 signaling pathway, as well as LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK. HVF18-a3-d exhibits antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacteria by disrupting their outer and inner membranes. HVF18-a3-d protects mice from fatal septic shock induced by Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to Carbapenem. HVF18-a3-d shows anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects .
RADA is a fluorescent D-amino acid (FDAA) with high photostability and thermostability, which emits yellow-to-orange fluorescence. RADA shows low outer membrane permeability in wild-type Gram-negative Escherichia coli, but it targets penicillin-binding proteins and L,D-transpeptidases, mimics the interaction between acyl acceptors and enzyme intermediates, and integrates into peptidoglycan during biosynthesis. As a peptidoglycan labeling reagent, RADA metabolically integrates into the nascent peptidoglycan of live bacterial cells, labels the peptidoglycan at the poles and lateral walls of mycobacteria, and enables visualization of peptidoglycan synthesis and remodeling processes. RADA serves as a non-specific stain for fixed cells, is non-toxic to bacterial cells, and its red-shifted excitation/emission spectra reduce phototoxicity. RADA also supports virtual pulse-chase labeling experiments and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy for sub-diffraction-limited imaging of bacterial cell walls .
Lipopolysaccharides from P. aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) 10 are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR4 activators derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10, and are classified as S-type LPS. Lipopolysaccharides from P. aeruginosa 10 exhibit a typical three-part structure: O-antigen, core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. The lipopolysaccharides of P. aeruginosa 10 have a fatty acid composition distinct from common enterobacteria, an exceptionally high degree of phosphorylation (triphosphate residues have been detected), and a unique outer region of the core oligosaccharide. Additionally, their O-specific side chains are typically rich in novel aminosugars. Lipopolysaccharides from P. aeruginosa 10 demonstrate susceptibility to viruses, with the level of susceptibility determined by the content of high molecular weight polysaccharides in their composition. The absence of high molecular weight polysaccharides increases their sensitivity to bacteriophages .
It is recommended to prepare a solution with concentration ≥2 mg/mL. Vortex thoroughly for more than 10 minutes. Due to the adsorption characteristics of LPS, silanized container or low adsorption centrifuge tubes should be used for aliquoting and storage, and mix thoroughly before use.
Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria to control gene expression in response to increased cell density. This regulatory process manifests itself in a variety of phenotypes, including biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved through the production, release and detection of small diffusible signaling molecules called autoinducers. N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise a class of such autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled to a homoserine lactone (HSL). Modulation of bacterial quorum-sensing signaling systems to suppress pathogenesis represents a new approach to antimicrobial research for infectious diseases. AHLs differ in acyl length (C4-C18), C3 substitution (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signaling specificity through the affinity of the LuxR family of transcriptional regulators. C18-HSL, one of four lipophilic long acyl side chain AHLs produced by the LuxI AHL synthase homolog SinI, is involved in quorum-sensing signaling in strains of Rhizobium meliloti (a nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont of the legume M. sativa) . C18-HSL and other hydrophobic AHLs tend to localize in the relatively lipophilic environment of bacterial cells and cannot diffuse freely across the cell membrane. Long-chain N-acyl homoserine lactones can be exported from cells by efflux pumps, or can be transported between communicating cells by extracellular outer membrane vesicles.
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that is essential for cell survival, differentiation, development, and homeostasis. The process of autophagy in mammalian cells is as follows: a portion of cytoplasm, including organelles, is enclosed by a phagophore or isolation membrane to form an autophagosome. The outer membrane of the autophagosome subsequently fuses with the endosome and then the lysosome, and the internal material is degraded. Autophagy plays a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological roles. Defective autophagy contributes to various pathologies, including infections, cancer, neurodegeneration, aging, and heart disease.
MCE provides a unique collection of 1,941 autophagy pathway-related compounds that is a useful tool for the research of autophagy-related regulation and diseases.
Normal mitochondrial function is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis because mitochondria produce ATP and are the major intracellular source of free radicals. Cellular dysfunctions induced by intracellular or extracellular insults converge on mitochondria and induce a sudden increase in permeability on the inner mitochondrial membrane, the so-called mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MMPT). MMPT is caused by the opening of pores in the inner mitochondrial membrane, matrix swelling, and outer membrane rupture. The MMPT is an endpoint to initiate cell death because the pore opening together with the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c activates the apoptotic pathway of caspases.
The normal operation of mitochondrial function is important for maintaining normal cell death and treatment of mitochondrial diseases. MCE offers a unique collection of 990 compounds with identified and potential mitochondrial protective activity. MCE Mitochondrial Protection Compound Library is critical for drug discovery and development.
TMB is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outer membrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 .
N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine is a dye that fluoresces strongly when bound to the inner phospholipid bilayer of Gram-negative bacteria. N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine can be used to measure outer membrane permeability. N-Phenylnaphthalen-1-amine is a fluorescence probe for odorant-binding proteins (OBP) with a dissociation constant of 1.67 μM. N-Phenylnaphthalen-1-amine exhibits an excitation wavelength of 337 nM and an emission wavelength of 407 nM .
TMB dihydrochloride is the dihydrochloride form of TMB (HY-15930). TMB dihydrochloride is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB dihydrochloride can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB dihydrochloride can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outer membrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 .
TMB monosulfate is the monosulfate form of TMB (HY-15930). TMB monosulfate is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB monosulfate can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB monosulfate can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outer membrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 .
TMB (Standard) is the analytical standard of TMB. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. TMB is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outer membrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 .
DiSBAC10 is a voltage-sensitive fluorescent probe used to study cell membrane electrical activity in FRET assays. In a resting polarized cell, DiSBAC10 resides on the outer leaflet of the membrane where it accepts photons from excited fluorescein-labeled proteins and re-emits the photons at a higher wavelength. Depolarization of the cell causes rapid translocation of DiSBAC10 to the inner leaflet of the membrane, thereby increasing the distance between fluorophores and reducing the FRET signal.
PA-SiR-Halo is a photoactivatable fluorophore targeting HaloTag. When bound to HaloTag, PA-SiR-Halo stabilizes its fluorescent form under physiological pH. After conjugation and photoactivation, it exhibits enhanced resistance to nucleophiles, and enables live-cell confocal imaging, fixed-cell single-molecule localization microscopy imaging, live-cell single-particle tracking, as well as live-cell single-molecule localization microscopy imaging of dynamic mitochondrial structures without the need for washing .
RADA is a fluorescent D-amino acid (FDAA) with high photostability and thermostability, which emits yellow-to-orange fluorescence. RADA shows low outer membrane permeability in wild-type Gram-negative Escherichia coli, but it targets penicillin-binding proteins and L,D-transpeptidases, mimics the interaction between acyl acceptors and enzyme intermediates, and integrates into peptidoglycan during biosynthesis. As a peptidoglycan labeling reagent, RADA metabolically integrates into the nascent peptidoglycan of live bacterial cells, labels the peptidoglycan at the poles and lateral walls of mycobacteria, and enables visualization of peptidoglycan synthesis and remodeling processes. RADA serves as a non-specific stain for fixed cells, is non-toxic to bacterial cells, and its red-shifted excitation/emission spectra reduce phototoxicity. RADA also supports virtual pulse-chase labeling experiments and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy for sub-diffraction-limited imaging of bacterial cell walls .
Phthalaldehyde reacts with proteins containing primary amines and blocked amino-terminal peptides of amino acids. Phthalaldehyde stabilizes bacterial outer membranes and cell walls, increases the optical density of bacterial cell suspensions, and inhibits bacterial lysis induced by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Phthalaldehyde exhibits bactericidal activity against Gram-negative vegetative bacteria .
Octenyl succinic anhydride is a versatile chemical intermediate. Octenyl succinic anhydride can undergo esterification with polysaccharides such as starch and Inulin (HY-N7075). Octenyl succinic anhydride affects the intermolecular interactions on the outer surfaces of two starch granules by altering the molecular surface structure. Octenyl succinic anhydride modifies the properties of polysaccharides. Octenyl succinic anhydride can be used for starch esterification to produce OS-starch, an amphiphilic hydrocolloid .
Lipopolysaccharides from P. aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) 10 are lipopolysaccharide endotoxins and TLR4 activators derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 10, and are classified as S-type LPS. Lipopolysaccharides from P. aeruginosa 10 exhibit a typical three-part structure: O-antigen, core oligosaccharide, and lipid A. The lipopolysaccharides of P. aeruginosa 10 have a fatty acid composition distinct from common enterobacteria, an exceptionally high degree of phosphorylation (triphosphate residues have been detected), and a unique outer region of the core oligosaccharide. Additionally, their O-specific side chains are typically rich in novel aminosugars. Lipopolysaccharides from P. aeruginosa 10 demonstrate susceptibility to viruses, with the level of susceptibility determined by the content of high molecular weight polysaccharides in their composition. The absence of high molecular weight polysaccharides increases their sensitivity to bacteriophages .
It is recommended to prepare a solution with concentration ≥2 mg/mL. Vortex thoroughly for more than 10 minutes. Due to the adsorption characteristics of LPS, silanized container or low adsorption centrifuge tubes should be used for aliquoting and storage, and mix thoroughly before use.
TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) is the dihydrochloride x hydrate form of TMB (HY-15930). TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) is a non-toxic, non-mutagenic, colorless dye that is also used as a chromogenic agent in enzyme detection systems based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP). TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) can function as a photoacoustic probe for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), reacting with hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, and nitrogen dioxide to produce blue oxidation products. TMB (dihydrochloride x.hydrate) can detect the singlet oxygen produced by the outer membrane of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 .
Quorum sensing is a regulatory system used by bacteria to control gene expression in response to increased cell density. This regulatory process manifests itself in a variety of phenotypes, including biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Coordinated gene expression is achieved through the production, release and detection of small diffusible signaling molecules called autoinducers. N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) comprise a class of such autoinducers, each of which generally consists of a fatty acid coupled to a homoserine lactone (HSL). Modulation of bacterial quorum-sensing signaling systems to suppress pathogenesis represents a new approach to antimicrobial research for infectious diseases. AHLs differ in acyl length (C4-C18), C3 substitution (hydrogen, hydroxyl, or oxo group), and the presence or absence of one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in the fatty acid chain. These differences confer signaling specificity through the affinity of the LuxR family of transcriptional regulators. C18-HSL, one of four lipophilic long acyl side chain AHLs produced by the LuxI AHL synthase homolog SinI, is involved in quorum-sensing signaling in strains of Rhizobium meliloti (a nitrogen-fixing bacterial symbiont of the legume M. sativa) . C18-HSL and other hydrophobic AHLs tend to localize in the relatively lipophilic environment of bacterial cells and cannot diffuse freely across the cell membrane. Long-chain N-acyl homoserine lactones can be exported from cells by efflux pumps, or can be transported between communicating cells by extracellular outer membrane vesicles.
Polymyxin B nonapeptide is a cyclic peptide obtained from Polymyxin B by proteolytic removal of its terminal amino acyl residue. Polymyxin B nonapeptide is less toxic, lacks bactericidal activity, and retains its ability to render gram-negative bacteria susceptible to several antibiotics by permeabilizing their outer membranes .
LAH4, an alpha-helix of the designed amphipathic peptide antibiotic, exhibits potent antimicrobial, nucleic acid transfection and cell penetration activities. LAH4 possesses high plasmid DNA delivery capacities. LAH4 has a strong affinity for anionic lipids found in the outer membrane of bacterial membranes .
SPR741 (NAB741) is a cationic peptide derived from polymyxin B and is a potentiator molecule. SPR741 increases the permeability of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is used to treat severe Gram-negative bacteria infections. SPR741 inhibits multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The spectrum of activity of the antibiotic can be widened when used in combination with SPR741 .
Thanatin is an inducible cationic antimicrobial peptide. Thanatin is a pathogen-inducible single-disulfide-bond-containing β-hairpin AMP. Thanatin displays broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as against various species of fungi with MICs of 0.3-40 µM, 0.6-40 µM and 0.6-20 µM, respectively. Thanatin has the property of competitive replacement of divalent cations from bacterial outer membrane (OM), leading to OM disruption .
Thanatin TFA is an inducible cationic antimicrobial peptide. Thanatin TFA s a pathogen-inducible single-disulfide-bond-containing β-hairpin AMP. Thanatin TFA displays broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as against various species of fungi with MICs of 0.3-40 µM, 0.6-40 µM and 0.6-20 µM, respectively. Thanatin TFA has the property of competitive replacement of divalent cations from bacterial outer membrane (OM), leading to OM disruption .
SPR741 acetate (NAB741 acetate) is a cationic peptide derived from polymyxin B and is a potentiator molecule. SPR741 acetate increases the permeability of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is used to treat severe Gram-negative bacteria infections. SPR741 acetate inhibits multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The spectrum of activity of the antibiotic can be widened when used in combination with SPR741 acetate .
Polybia-MP1 is an antimicrobial peptide with antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activities. Polybia-MP1 selectively targets cancer cells by interacting with PS and PE in the outer leaflet of cell membranes, and induces necrosis via pore formation. Polybia-MP1 exhibits antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Polybia-MP1 can be used in research related to bacterial infections, fungal infections and cancers .
Tachyplesin I is a β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide that contains 17 amino acid residues. Tachyplesin I exhibits cytotoxic properties against various human tumor cell lines acting primarily by impairing the integrity of the outer cell membrane .
Polymyxin B nonapeptide TFA is a cyclic peptide obtained from Polymyxin B by proteolytic removal of its terminal amino acyl residue. Polymyxin B nonapeptide TFA is less toxic, lacks bactericidal activity, and retains its ability to render gram-negative bacteria susceptible to several antibiotics by permeabilizing their outer membranes .
LAH4 TFA, an alpha-helix of the designed amphipathic peptide antibiotic, exhibits potent antimicrobial, nucleic acid transfection and cell penetration activities. LAH4 TFA possesses high plasmid DNA delivery capacities. LAH4 TFA has a strong affinity for anionic lipids found in the outer membrane of bacterial membranes .
SHBG 141-161 is a GPRC6A receptor agonist. SHBG 141-161 mimics the action of GPRC6A endogenous agonist uncarboxylated osteocalcin by binding to GPRC6A and promoting downstream signaling to increase testosterone and insulin secretion. SHBG 141-161 also reduces the affinity of GPRC6A to GDP protein by binding to the outer cell domain of GPRC6A thus affecting the dynamics of signal transduction. SHBG 141-161 can be used to study GPRC6A in energy metabolism and endocrine regulation .
JB-95, a β-hairpin macrocyclic peptide, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. JB-95 can selectively disrupt the outer membrane but not the inner membrane of E. coli .
A666 peptide is a highly selective prestin ligand. A666 peptide enables active drug delivery (e.g., dexamethasone) to outer hair cells (OHCs). A666 peptide is promising for research of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity protection and sensorineural hearing loss interventions .
Mitogenic Pentapeptide (Tripalmitoyl pentapeptide) is an effective activator of B lymphocyte mitogen and polyclonal. Mitogen Pentapeptide is a synthetic N-terminal analog of E. coliouter membrane lipoproteins. Mitogenic Pentapeptide can be used for the study of immune adjuvants .
A666 peptide TFA is a highly selective prestin ligand. A666 peptide TFA enables active drug delivery (e.g., dexamethasone) to outer hair cells (OHCs). A666 peptide TFA is promising for research of cisplatin-induced ototoxicity protection and sensorineural hearing loss interventions .
Brevicidine is an antimicrobial peptide with selective bactericidal activity against Gram-negative pathogens. Brevicidine disrupts bacterial morphology by binding to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the bacterial cell membrane to form pores. Brevicidine causes dissipation of intracellular proton motive force, outer membrane damage, inhibition of ATP biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species accumulation in bacterial cells. As a sensitizer, Brevicidine exerts synergistic activity when combined with a variety of conventional antibiotics .
(KFF)3K is a cell penetrating peptide that can promote the absorption of other antibiotics by disrupting the outer membrane of bacteria. (KFF)3K can be introduced into a hydrocarbon scaffold to induce its antibacterial properties, making it an effective antimicrobial peptide. (KFF)3K can be used in the development of new antimicrobial agents .
Bid BH3 peptide is a small peptide derived from Bid protein that can bind and activate the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak, leading to mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and apoptosis. Bid BH3 peptide can be used to study mitochondrial bioenergetics .
Lytx-Pa2a (Lycotoxin-Pa2a) is a peptide inhibitor against bacterial membranes and TLR4 receptor. Lytx-Pa2a exerts antimicrobial effects via non-competitive disruption of outer/cytoplasmic membranes and suppression of LPS-induced TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Lytx-Pa2a is promising for research of bacterial infection and inflammation-related disease (e.g., sepsis) .
HVF18-a3-d is an antimicrobial peptide. HVF18-a3-d reduces NO production. HVF18-a3-d inhibits the production of TNF-α and IL-6, reduces ROS production, and suppresses the TLR4 signaling pathway, as well as LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK. HVF18-a3-d exhibits antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacteria by disrupting their outer and inner membranes. HVF18-a3-d protects mice from fatal septic shock induced by Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to Carbapenem. HVF18-a3-d shows anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects .
Tachyplesin I TFA is a β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide that contains 17 amino acid residues. Tachyplesin I TFA exhibits cytotoxic properties against various human tumor cell lines acting primarily by impairing the integrity of the outer cell membrane .
Polymyxin B nonapeptide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Polymyxin B nonapeptide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Polymyxin B nonapeptide is a cyclic peptide obtained from Polymyxin B by proteolytic removal of its terminal amino acyl residue. Polymyxin B nonapeptide is less toxic, lacks bactericidal activity, and retains its ability to render gram-negative bacteria susceptible to several antibiotics by permeabilizing their outer membranes[1][2][3].
Polymyxin B nonapeptide (TFA) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Polymyxin B nonapeptide (TFA). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Polymyxin B nonapeptide TFA is a cyclic peptide obtained from Polymyxin B by proteolytic removal of its terminal amino acyl residue. Polymyxin B nonapeptide TFA is less toxic, lacks bactericidal activity, and retains its ability to render gram-negative bacteria susceptible to several antibiotics by permeabilizing their outer membranes[1][2][3].
Cyclic L27-11 is a cyclic peptide-like antibiotic with strong antibacterial activity against specific bacteria such as Pseudomonas sp. Cyclic L27-11 shows nanomolar antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas sp., especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cyclic L27-11 interferes with the function of bacterial outer membrane protein LptD, preventing the normal transport of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), leading to the accumulation of membrane-like substances in bacterial cells, which in turn affects the survival of bacteria. Cyclic L27-11 can be used in the development of antibacterial agents .
(RFR)4XB is a cationic membrane-penetrating peptide. (RFR)4XB carries its cargo (the antisense oligomer) across the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria .
JB-95 acetate, a β-hairpin macrocyclic peptide, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. JB-95 acetate can selectively disrupt the outer membrane but not the inner membrane of E. coli .
SPR741 TFA (NAB741 TFA) is a cationic peptide derived from polymyxin B and is a potentiator molecule. SPR741 TFA increases the permeability of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and is used to treat severe Gram-negative bacteria infections. SPR741 TFA inhibits multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The spectrum of activity of the antibiotic can be widened when used in combination with SPR741 TFA .
DRAMP18563 (MAP-04-02) is a linear antimicrobial peptide that can act as a delivery vector to transport dual-ring peptide inhibitors that cannot penetrate the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria to their target sites. DRAMP18563 can be used to study the delivery strategies of dual-ring peptide inhibitors .
CyLip-20 is a cyclic lipopeptide antimicrobial peptide that targets Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. CyLip-20 exhibits low hemolytic activity and mild in vivo toxicity. CyLip-20 disrupts the integrity of bacterial outer membrane, inner membrane and cytoplasmic membrane by binding to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), triggering membrane permeabilization, depolarization and leakage of intracellular contents, and inhibits bacterial biofilm formation. In animal models, CyLip-20 reduces the bacterial load in skin wounds of mice infected with MRSA, promotes wound healing, decreases the levels of inflammatory cytokines and reduces inflammatory cell infiltration. CyLip-20 can be used in research related to MRSA skin wound infections .
FuK is a WK2-analog antimicrobial peptide modified with fluorinated unnatural amino acids. FuK has an LD50 of 72.34 mg/kg in mice, shows no hemolytic activity, with high stability against trypsin, chymotrypsin, and saline environments. FuK exerts bactericidal effects by enhancing the permeability of bacterial outer membranes, inducing depolarization of cytoplasmic membranes, and disrupting membrane potential balance against bacterias such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and MRSA. FuK exhibits synergistic antimicrobial activity with polymyxin B (HY-149179), vancomycin (HY-B0671), and ciprofloxacin (HY-B0356), and also inhibits Ciprofloxacin-induced bacterial drug resistance. FuK has in vivo safety, effectively reduces bacterial load and inflammatory cell infiltration in a mouse MRSA model, and promotes collagen fiber formation in skin wounds .
Brevicidine TFA is an antimicrobial peptide with selective bactericidal activity against Gram-negative pathogens. Brevicidine TFA disrupts bacterial morphology by binding to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the bacterial cell membrane to form pores. Brevicidine TFA causes dissipation of intracellular proton motive force, outer membrane damage, inhibition of ATP biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species accumulation in bacterial cells. As a sensitizer, Brevicidine TFA exerts synergistic activity when combined with a variety of conventional antibiotics .
DD-S067 is an antibacterial peptide. DD-S067 exhibits multiple antibacterial mechanisms, including disrupting both the outer and inner bacterial membranes, and inducing ROS that trigger lipid peroxidation. DD-S067 inhibits the electron transport chain. DD-S067 demonstrates potent antibacterial activity, achieving a GM value of 4.1 μM against 27 MDR bacteria. DD-S067 exhibits significant protective effects in a CRAB-induced septic shock mouse model .
(KFF)3K-acpP is an antibacterial agent conjugating of cell penetrating peptide (KFF)3K (HY-P10556) and acpP peptide nucleic acid. (KFF)3K-acpP binds to the translation start site region of acpP mRNA, sterically blocking ribosome binding and inhibiting translation of the acyl carrier protein. (KFF)3K-acpP induces bacterial envelope stress response pathways, and triggers depletion of outer membrane protein F (ompF) transcript. (KFF)3K-acpP can be used for the research of infections .
wkwkwNGwkwkw-NH2 is a self-assembling β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide. wkwkwNGwkwkw-NH2 self-assembles into nanofibers. wkwkwNGwkwkw-NH2 interacts with LPS on the surface of the bacterial membrane and then disrupts the bacterial outer membrane, inner membrane, and cytoplasmic membrane to exert its antibacterial effects. wkwkwNGwkwkw-NH2 has high antibacterial activity and low hemolytic activity. wkwkwNGwkwkw-NH2 significantly reduces the S. aureus ATCC 25923 load at the skin wound. wkwkwNGwkwkw-NH2 displays synergistic effects when combined with antibiotics. wkwkwNGwkwkw-NH2 facilitates wound healing .
Polymixin B is a mixture of B1 and B2 polypeptides obtained from different strains of Bacillus polymyxa, with antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria. It can bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and disrupts the cytoplasmic membrane by inducing large pores to allow nucleotide leakage in bacterial walls. This disrupts the permeability of the cytoplasmic membrane.
Colistin sulfate is a polypeptide antibiotic which inhibits gram-negative bacteria by binding to lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids in the outer cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria.
Isethionic acid is a calcium binder and anionic detergent that enhances mitochondrial calcium binding capacity by competitively binding to calcium binding sites on the outer mitochondrial membrane. Isethionic acid can inhibit calcium-activated mitochondrial respiration. Isethionic acid inhibits barnacle (Balanus amphitrite) larvae with LC50s of 23 μg/mL (24 h) and 17 μg/mL (48 h), respectively. Isethionic acid can inhibit the attachment of barnacle larvae (complete inhibition at 10 μg/mL) and regulate mitochondrial calcium transport, and can enhance ATP-dependent calcium uptake at high calcium concentrations. Isethionic acid can be used to study the mechanism of mitochondrial calcium metabolism.
Scytonemin is a hydrophobic alkaloid pigment that can be isolated from the outer sheath of cyanobacteria. Scytonemin has protective function against short-wave solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the formation of DNA damage. Scytonemin also has anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activities, produces concentration-dependent inhibition (IC50=2.0 μM) of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1)-mediated cdc25C phosphorylation, and plays an important role in regulating the G2/M transition in the cell cycle. It can be used in the research of cancer, acute inflammation and sunscreen cosmetics .
7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin is a NOS uncoupling inducer with blood-brain barrier permeability, and it is a reduced non-conjugated pteridine. 7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin is the main metabolite of 4-amino-tetrahydro-L-biopterin, and it undergoes photooxidation to form biopterin. 7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin promotes the conversion of nitric oxide synthase to a superoxide-producing form, thereby increasing oxidative stress levels in the renal outer medulla and inducing apoptosis. 7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin is sensitive to the inhibitory effect of SOD, and it can be applied to research related to salt-sensitive hypertension, moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases .
Colistin (sulfate) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Colistin (sulfate). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Colistin sulfate is a polypeptide antibiotic which inhibits gram-negative bacteria by binding to lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids in the outer cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria.
Lewis X trisaccharide (Lewis X, Le x) is a potent TH2 regulator, antagonizes LPS-induced IL-12 immune expression. Lewis X trisaccharide is a human histo-blood group antigen, plays an key role in cell-cell adhesion, and servers as a tumor marker. Lewis X trisaccharide is highly expressed in the outer membrane of the parasite, can be used for the immunology research of schistosomiasis .
NADH (disodium salt) (Standard) is the analytical standard of NADH (disodium salt). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. 7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin is a NOS uncoupling inducer with blood-brain barrier permeability, and it is a reduced non-conjugated pteridine. 7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin is the main metabolite of 4-amino-tetrahydro-L-biopterin, and it undergoes photooxidation to form biopterin. 7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin promotes the conversion of nitric oxide synthase to a superoxide-producing form, thereby increasing oxidative stress levels in the renal outer medulla and inducing apoptosis. 7,8-Dihydro-L-biopterin is sensitive to the inhibitory effect of SOD, and it can be applied to research related to salt-sensitive hypertension, moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases .
(Rac)-SOPC ((Rac)-PC(18:0/18:1)) ((Rac)-2-Oleoyl-1-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is the racemate of SOPC (HY-W440982). SOPC is an asymmetrical phospholipid with saturated fatty acid (stearic acid/18:0) at sn-1 position and unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid/18:1) at sn-2 position. SOPC can stabilize the outer segment membrane of frog rods .
Outer membrane protein F (OmpF) facilitates the formation of pores, enabling the passive diffusion of small molecules across the bacterial outer membrane. Beyond its role in membrane permeability, OmpF serves as a crucial receptor for the bacteriophage T2 and is considered the primary receptor for colicin E5, playing a probable role in the mechanisms associated with these interactions. Outer membrane porin F/OmpF Protein, E.coli (His, Myc) is the recombinant E. coli-derived Outer membrane protein F/OmpF protein, expressed by E. coli , with C-Myc, N-10*His labeled tag.
Outer membrane porin C/OmpC Protein facilitates substance transport across the bacterial outer membrane, forming homotrimeric pores for passive diffusion of small molecules, crucial for maintaining cell envelope permeability. Outer membrane porin C/OmpC Protein, E.coli (Myc, His-SUMO) is the recombinant E. coli-derived Outer membrane porin C/OmpC protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His, C-Myc, N-SUMO labeled tag.
Outer membrane porin C (OmpC) functions as a channel, creating pores that facilitate passive diffusion of small molecules across the bacterial outer membrane. In the context of microbial infection, OmpC plays a role in supporting the entry of colicin E5 even in the absence of its primary receptor OmpF. Outer membrane porin C/OmpC Protein, E.coli (His-SUMO) is the recombinant E. coli-derived Outer membrane porin C/OmpC protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His, N-SUMO labeled tag.
Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) ensures the structural integrity of the bacterial cell wall and cooperates with TolR to stabilize the peptidoglycan layer. As a porin, OmpA controls the permeability of small solutes. Outer membrane protein A/OmpA Protein, E.coli (His-SUMO) is the recombinant E. coli-derived Outer membrane protein A/OmpA protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-SUMO, N-6*His labeled tag.
Outer membrane protein C (OmpC) acts as a pore-forming protein that facilitates the passive diffusion of small molecules across the bacterial outer membrane. Notably, in Klebsiella pneumoniae, OmpC has been shown to bind the C1Q component and activate the classical pathway of the complement system. Outer membrane porin C/OmpC Protein, Klebsiella pneumoniae (His, Myc) is the recombinant Outer membrane protein C/OmpC protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-10*His, C-Myc labeled tag.
Outer membrane protein X/OmpX protein is an important member of the outer membrane OOP (TC 1.B.6) superfamily, specifically belonging to the OmpX family. It plays a vital role in cellular processes and shares common structural and functional features among the OmpX family. Outer membrane protein X/OmpX Protein, E.coli (Myc, His) is the recombinant E. coli-derived Outer membrane protein X/OmpX protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His, C-Myc labeled tag.
LolA Protein translocates lipoproteins from bacterial inner to outer membranes, forming a complex dependent on the absence of aspartate after the N-terminal cysteine. Aspartate signals lipoproteins to stay in the inner membrane. LolA, as a monomer, efficiently moves lipoproteins between bacterial membrane compartments. LolA Protein, E.coli (P.pastoris, His) is the recombinant E. coli-derived LolA protein, expressed by P. pastoris , with N-His labeled tag.
Vitelline membrane outer layer protein 1 homolog (VMO1) is first characterized in the outer layer of the vitelline membrane of hen’s eggs, where VMO1is present together with lysozyme, VMO2, and ovomucin. VMO1 is a secreted protein and exerts important functions in inner ear and tear film, VMO1 may also interact with glycosylated proteins. VMO1 Protein, Human (HEK293) is the recombinant human-derived VMO1 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with tag free.
Vitelline membrane outer layer protein 1 homolog (VMO1) is first characterized in the outer layer of the vitelline membrane of hen鈥檚 eggs, where VMO1is present together with lysozyme, VMO2, and ovomucin. VMO1 is a secreted protein and exerts important functions in inner ear and tear film, VMO1 may also interact with glycosylated proteins. VMO1 Protein, Human (HEK293, His) is the recombinant human-derived VMO1 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-6*His labeled tag.
Vitelline membrane outer layer protein 1 homolog (VMO1) is first characterized in the outer layer of the vitelline membrane of hen鈥檚 eggs, where VMO1is present together with lysozyme, VMO2, and ovomucin. VMO1 is a secreted protein and exerts important functions in inner ear and tear film, VMO1 may also interact with glycosylated proteins. VMO1 Protein, Human (HEK293, Fc) is the recombinant human-derived VMO1 protein, expressed by HEK293 , with C-mFc labeled tag.
ROM1 protein is involved in rod outer segment (ROS) morphogenesis, and may work with PRPH2 to maintain the structure of the curved intervertebral disc and organize ROS, thus affecting the intervertebral disc diameter. In addition, ROM1 is involved in protecting the retinal outer nuclear layer. ROM1 Protein, Human (His) is the recombinant human-derived ROM1 protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His labeled tag.
BamA is a key member of the outer membrane protein assembly complex (Bam), which concentrates the assembly of β-barrel proteins into the outer membrane. Together with BamD, BamA forms the core mechanism of this process, which relies on the coordinated action of all five subunits. BamA Protein, E.coli (Myc, His) is the recombinant E. coli-derived BamA protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-10*His, C-Myc labeled tag.
Protease 7/OmpT protein is a multifunctional enzyme that can cleave a variety of substrates, such as T7 RNA polymerase, ferric enterobactin receptor protein (FEP), and the antimicrobial peptide protamine. Its unique specificity for paired basic residues suggests a preference for specific amino acid configurations. Protease 7/OmpT Protein, E.coli (His) is the recombinant E. coli-derived Protease 7/OmpT protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-6*His labeled tag.
Protease 7, or OmpT, displays unique proteolytic capabilities, cleaving diverse substrates like T7 RNA polymerase, ferric enterobactin receptor protein (FEP), and protamine. With specificity for paired basic residues, it selectively targets substrates with such motifs, highlighting its pivotal role in diverse biological processes and protein regulation. Protease 7/OmpT Protein, E.coli (His-SUMO) is the recombinant E. coli-derived Protease 7/OmpT protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His, N-SUMO labeled tag.
Cefepime-d8 (BMY-28142-d8) sulfate is deuterium labeled Cefepime sulfate. Cefepime sulfate is a broad-spectrum, blood-brain barrier-permeable cephalosporin antibiotic with hPON1 inhibitory activity, with an IC50 of 21.115 mM and a Ki of 35.092 mM. Cefepime sulfate inhibits hPON1 via a non-competitive mechanism and blocks GABAA receptors. Cefepime sulfate penetrates the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, inhibits the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and does not induce the production of β-lactamase.
Cefepime-d3 (BMY-28142-d3) sulfate is deuterium labeled Cefepime sulfate. Cefepime sulfate is a broad-spectrum, blood-brain barrier-permeable cephalosporin antibiotic with hPON1 inhibitory activity, with an IC50 of 21.115 mM and a Ki of 35.092 mM. Cefepime sulfate inhibits hPON1 via a non-competitive mechanism and blocks GABAA receptors. Cefepime sulfate penetrates the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, inhibits the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and does not induce the production of β-lactamase.
Phthalaldehyde-d4 (Phthaldialdehyde-d4) is the deuterium labeled Phthalaldehyde (HY-W012669). Phthalaldehyde reacts with proteins containing primary amines and blocked amino-terminal peptides of amino acids. Phthalaldehyde stabilizes bacterial outer membranes and cell walls, increases the optical density of bacterial cell suspensions, and inhibits bacterial lysis induced by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Phthalaldehyde exhibits bactericidal activity against Gram-negative vegetative bacteria.
VDAC1; VDAC; Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1; VDAC-1; hVDAC1; outer mitochondrial membrane protein porin 1; Plasmalemmal porin; Porin 31HL; Porin 31HM
WB, IHC-P, ICC/IF, IP, ELISA
Human, Mouse, Rat
VDAC1 Antibody (YA6199) is a Rabbit-derived and non-conjugated IgG monoclonal antibody, targeting to VDAC1.
hVDAC1 antibody; MGC111064 antibody; Mithocondrial porin antibody; OPM2, yeast, human complement of antibody; outer mitochondrial membrane protein porin 1 antibody; Plasmalemmal porin antibody; Porin 31 HL antibody; Porin 31 HM antibody; Porin 31HL antibody; Porin 31HM antibody
WB
Human, Mouse, Rat
VDAC1/2/3 Antibody (YA6961) is a Rabbit-derived and non-conjugated IgG monoclonal antibody, targeting to VDAC1/2/3.
(Rac)-SOPC ((Rac)-PC(18:0/18:1)) ((Rac)-2-Oleoyl-1-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) is the racemate of SOPC (HY-W440982). SOPC is an asymmetrical phospholipid with saturated fatty acid (stearic acid/18:0) at sn-1 position and unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid/18:1) at sn-2 position. SOPC can stabilize the outer segment membrane of frog rods .
22:0 PC (1,2-Didocosanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), a type of phosphatidylcholine, functions as a lung surfactant and is characterized as an amphipathic molecule predominantly found in the outer leaflets of biological membrane bilayers.
Bucladesine (Dibutyryl cAMP; DBcAMP) sodium (GMP) is a Bucladesine sodium (HY-B0764) produced by using GMP guidelines. Bucladesine (Dibutyryl cAMP; DBcAMP) is a membrane-permeable 3′, 5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analog. Bucladesine selectively activates cAMP dependent protein kinase (PKA) by increasing the intracellular level of cAMP. Bucladesine significantly attenuates MDMA-induced increases in hippocampal mitochondrial ROS formation, mitochondrial outer membrane damage, cytochrome c release, and hippocampal ADP/ATP ratio, thereby improving spatial learning and memory impairments. Bucladesine exhibit anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammation effect. Bucladesine can inhibit cancer cells proliferation, induce apoptosis. Bucladesine can be used for the researches of neurological disease, cancer, inflammation .
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Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
MedchemExpress Validation 03
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
MedchemExpress Validation 04
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
MedchemExpress Validation
Western blot analysis of extracts from THP-1(lane 2(20μg), Jurkat (lane 3(20μg) and NIH3T3(lane 4(20μg) using FOXO1A (HY-P80132) Rabbit mAb. Proteins were transferred
to a PVDF membrane and blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST for 2 hour at room temperature. The primary antibody (1/1000) and Loading control antibody (Beta Actin, HY-P80438, 1/10000) was
used in 5% non-fat milk in TBST at 4°C overnight. Goat Anti-Mouse/Rabbit IgG-HRP Secondary Antibody (1/10000) was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
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