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O-Desmethyl quinidine (Cupreidine) is an orally active metabolite of Quinine (HY-D0143). O-Desmethyl quinidine reduces frequency of cramps in rats with spinal cord injury and shows low blood toxicity .
Triprolidine hydrochloride is an orally active histamine H1 antagonist. Triprolidine hydrochloride has the function of spinal cord motor and sensory block. Triprolidine hydrochloride can be used for the research of allergic rhinitis .
Triprolidine is an orally active H1R Antagonist antagonist. Triprolidine has the function of spinal cord motor and sensory block. Triprolidine can be used for the research of allergic rhinitis .
Triprolidine hydrochloride monohydrate, a first-generation antihistamine, is an oral active histamine H1 antagonist. Triprolidine hydrochloride monohydrate can be used for the research of allergic rhinitis. Triprolidine hydrochloride monohydrate exhibits spinal motor and sensory block in rats .
Amylocaine is a local anaesthetic of the ester type. Amylocaine can cause reversible insensitization near the area where it is administered. Amylocaine is used mostly in spinal anesthesia .
Rehmannioside A is a neuroprotective agent that can be isolated from Rehmanniae radix. Rehmannioside A can inhibit the release of proinflammatory mediators from microglia and promote M2 polarization in vitro, thereby protecting co-cultured neurons from apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Rehmannioside A can be used in spinal cord injury research .
Paederosidic acid methyl ester is a ATP‐sensitive K + channel activator, isolated from P. scandens. Paederosidic acid methyl ester exhibits significant central analgesic activity, and enhances the threshold of pain by activating ATP‐sensitive K + channel in the brain and spinal cord level .
ALLM (Calpain inhibitor II) is a potent inhibitor of calpain and cathepsin proteases. ALLM inhibits neuronal cell death and improves chronic neurological function after spinal cord injury (SCI) .
2-Pyridylethylamine is a histamine-1 (H1R) receptor agonist. 2-Pyridylethylamine can reduce the joint injury induced by formalin in rats. 2-Pyridylethylamine can be used to study the spinal cord release of neuropeptide (NPY) .
SRS16-86 is a potent inhibitor of ferroptosis . SRS16-86 is more stable than more stable to metabolism and plasma than Ferrostatin-1 in vivo. SRS16-86 can be used for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) research .
β-Spaglumic acid (β-NAAG) is a competitive NAAG peptidase inhibitor (Ki=1 µM) that protects spinal cord neurons from excitotoxicity and hypoxic damage. β-Spaglumic acid is also a selective mGluR3 antagonist (mGluR3 receptor functions to regulate activity-dependent synaptic potentiation in the hippocampus). β-Spaglumic acid can be used in neuroprotection-related studies .
ML372 inhibits survival motor neuron (SMN) protein ubiquitination, increases SMN protein stability without affecting mRNA expression. ML372 improves spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) in mice. ML372 is brain penetrant and has a reasonable exposure and half-life in vivo .
NVS-SM2 is a potent, orally active and brain-penetrant SMN2 splicing enhancer with an EC50 of 2 nM for SMN. NVS-SM2 enhances U1-pre-mRNA association. NVS-SM2 promotes exon 7 inclusion and restores normal survival motor neuron (SMN) protein expression. NVS-SM2 can be used for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) research .
S1RA (E-52862) hydrochloride is an orally active and selective sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) antagonist with a Ki value of 17 nM. S1RA hydrochloride shows good selectivity against σ2R (Ki >1000 nM). S1RA hydrochloride is a human 5-HT2B receptor antagonist with an IC50 value of 4.7 μM. S1RA hydrochloride inhibits neuropathic pain and activity-induced spinal sensitization .
AZ3391 is a potent inhibitor of PARP. AZ3391 is a quinoxaline derivative. PARP family of enzymes play an important role in a number of cellular processes, such as replication, recombination, chromatin remodeling, and DNA damage repair. AZ3391 has the potential for the research of diseases and conditions occurring in tissues in the central nervous system, such as the brain and spinal cord (extracted from patent WO2021260092A1, compound 23) .
Branaplam (LMI070; NVS-SM1) is a highly potent, selective and orally active survival motor neuron-2 (SMN2) splicing modulator with an EC50 of 20 nM for SMN. Branaplam inhibits human-ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) with an IC50 of 6.3 μM. Branaplam elevates full-length SMN protein and extends survival in a severe spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) mouse model .
Branaplam (LMI070; NVS-SM1) hydrochloride is a highly potent, selective and orally active survival motor neuron-2 (SMN2) splicing modulator with an EC50 of 20 nM for SMN. Branaplam hydrochloride inhibits human-ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) with an IC50 of 6.3 μM. Branaplam hydrochloride elevates full-length SMN protein and extends survival in a severe spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) mouse model .
Chlorphenesin carbamate is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant. Chlorphenesin carbamate can be used for the research of pain and discomfort related to skeletal muscle trauma and inflammation . Chlorphenesin carbamate is a selective blocker of polysynaptic pathways at the spinal and supra-spinal levels . Antinociceptive effect .
Iophendylate (Pantopaque) is a highly lipophilic substance, and can be used as a contrast medium. Iophendylate is mainly for brain and spinal cord visualization .
TTK21 is an activator of the histone acetyltransferases CBP/p300. TTK21 passes the blood–brain barrier, induces no toxicity, and reaches different parts of the brain when conjugated to glucose-based carbon nanosphere (CSP). TTK21 has beneficial implications for the brain functions of neurogenesis and long-term memory .CSP-TTK21 can ameliorate Aβ-impaired long-term potentiation (LTP). CSP-TTK21 may enhance the transcription of genes that promote synaptic health and cognitive function . CSP-TTK21 is orally effective and leads to improvements in motor functions, histone acetylation dynamics in a spinal injury rat model .
Indoprofen (Standard) is the analytical standard of Indoprofen. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Indoprofen ((±)-Indoprofe) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the study of spinal muscular atrophy.
Agathisflavone is a flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiparasitic, cytotoxic, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. Agathisflavone can improve tissue repair in a spinal cord injury model in rats .
Kyotorphin is an endogenou neuroactive dipeptide with analgesic properties. Kyotorphin possesses anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. Kyotorphin levels in cerebro-spinal fluid correlate negatively with the progression of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease patients .
PTPσ Inhibitor, ISP can bind to recombinant human PTPs and inhibits PTPσ signaling. PTPσ Inhibitor, ISP can penetrate the membrane and relieves the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG)-mediated axonal sprouting inhibition in spinal cord injury model. PTPσ Inhibitor, ISP enhances remyelination in LPC-induced demyelinated spinal cord. PTPσ Inhibitor, ISP also promotes oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) migration, maturation, remyelination, and functional recovery in animal models of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) .
Diosgenin glucoside, a saponin compound extracted from Trillium tschonoskii, provides neuroprotection by regulating microglial M1 polarization. Diosgenin glucoside protects against spinal cord injury by regulating autophagy and alleviating apoptosis .
RG7800 hydrochloride is an orally active SMN2 splicing modulator, with EC1.5xs of 23 nM and 87 nM for SMN2 splicing and SMN protein; RG7800 hydrochloride has the potential to treat spinal muscular atrophy.
Z-LEHD-FMK is a selective and irreversible inhibitor of caspase-9, protects against lethal reperfusion injury and attenuates apoptosis. Z-LEHD-FMK exhibits the neuroprotective effect in a rat model of spinal cord trauma .
Prostaglandin F2α alcohol methyl ether is an alcohol methyl ether G protein-coupled receptor. Prostaglandin F2α is also a luteinizing hormone in sheep and may be a nociceptive mediator in the spinal cord .
Prostaglandin F2α ethanolamide (Prostamide F2α) is an ethanolamide-like G protein-coupled receptor. Prostaglandin F2α is also a luteinizing hormone in sheep and may be a nociceptive mediator in the spinal cord .
Z-LEHD-FMK TFA is a selective and irreversible inhibitor of caspase-9, protects against lethal reperfusion injury and attenuates apoptosis. Z-LEHD-FMK TFA exhibits the neuroprotective effect in a rat model of spinal cord trauma .
Peptide5 TFA, a connexin 43 mimetic peptide, reduces animals swelling, astrogliosis, and neuronal cell death after spinal cord injury. Peptide5 TFA also inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome, and is an anti-inflammatory agent .
UBP296 is a potent and selective antagonist of GLUK5-containing kainate receptor in the spinal cord. UBP296 reversibly blocks ATPA-induced depressions of synaptic transmission, and affects AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission directly in rat hippocampal slices .
Nusinersen is an antisense oligonucleotide agent that modifies pre–messenger RNA splicing of the SMN2 gene and thus promotes increased production of full-length SMN protein .
Nusinersen sodium is an antisense oligonucleotide agent that modifies pre–messenger RNA splicing of the SMN2 gene and thus promotes increased production of full-length SMN protein .
Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) is an enzyme that degrades glycosaminoglycan side-chains of chondroitin sulfate (CS-GAG) from the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) core protein. Chondroitinase ABC facilitates reinnervation by degrading CS-GAGs around motoneurons. Chondroitinase ABC has the potential for the research of spinal injury .
Prostaglandin F2α serinol amide is a serinolamide G protein-coupled receptor that increases calcium levels in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Prostaglandin F2α is also a luteinizing hormone in sheep and may be a nociceptive mediator in the spinal cord .
Neuromedin C porcine (GRP, 18-27, porcine) is a bombesin-like neuropeptide that can be obtained from porcine spinal cord. Neuromedin C porcine exhibits a potent contractile activity on rat uterus in the characteristic manner of bombesin. Neuromedin C porcine has research potential for neurological-related diseases .
Tirilazad is a nonglucocorticoid, 21-aminosteroid that inhibits lipid peroxidation. Tirilazad can attenuate brain or spinal cord injury caused by trauma, stroke, ischemia and reperfusion injury. Tirilazad has antiviral activities against nCoV. Tirilazad is neuroprotective for ischaemic stroke, can be used for subarachnoid hemorrhage research .
CS-722 Free base is a synthesized centrally acting muscle relaxant, and has a muscle relaxant activity and depressant effectson the spinal reflex . CS-722 Free base inhibits spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents and excitatory postsynaptic currents in hippocampal cultures probably by an inhibition of both sodium and calcium currents .
ONO-8130 is an orally active and selective prostanoid EP1 receptor antagonist. ONO-8130 blocks phosphorylation of ERK in the L6 spinal cord. ONO-8130 relieves bladder pain in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. ONO-8130 can be used for interstitial cystitis research .
AK 295 (CX 295) is a calpain inhibitor that inhibits apoptosis through a calpain-dependent pathway. AK 295 improves neurological function in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI). AK 295 can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases, such as bulbar amyotrophy, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis .
TCID (4,5,6,7-Tetrachloroindan-1,3-dione) is a potent and selective neuronal ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH-L3) inhibitor with an IC50 of 0.6 μM . TCID diminishes glycine transporter GlyT2 ubiquitination in brainstem and spinal cord primary neurons .
FeTPPS, a 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin iron III chloride peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst, possesses evident neuroprotective effects in a experimental model of spinal cord damage . FeTPPS acts as a peroxynitrite scavenger and anti-nitrating agent in vivo. FeTPPS reduces nitric oxide (NO) production and apoptosis process .
Tirilazad mesylate (U 74006F) is a nonglucocorticoid, 21-aminosteroid that inhibits lipid peroxidation. Tirilazad mesylate can attenuate brain or spinal cord injury caused by trauma, stroke, ischemia and reperfusion injury. Tirilazad mesylate has antiviral activities against nCoV. Tirilazad mesylate is neuroprotective for ischaemic stroke, can be used for subarachnoid hemorrhage research .
ML228 (CID-46742353) is a potent the Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) pathway activator with EC50 of 1 μM. ML228 potently activates HIF in vitro as well as its downstream target VEGF .
TGN-020 is a selective Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.1 μM . TGN-020 is an alkyl chain-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs .TGN-020 alleviates edema and inhibits glial scar formation after spinal cord compression injury in rats .
TGN-020 sodium is a selective Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) inhibitor with an IC50 of 3.1 μM . TGN-020 sodium is an alkyl chain-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs . TGN-020 sodium alleviates edema and inhibits glial scar formation after spinal cord compression injury in rats .
Tirilazad mesylate hydrate is the hydrate form of Tirilazad mesylate (HY-122070). Tirilazad mesylate is a nonglucocorticoid, 21-aminosteroid that inhibits lipid peroxidation. Tirilazad mesylate can attenuate brain or spinal cord injury caused by trauma, stroke, ischemia and reperfusion injury. Tirilazad mesylate has antiviral activities against nCoV. Tirilazad mesylate is neuroprotective for ischaemic stroke, can be used for subarachnoid hemorrhage research .
Chlorzoxazone-d3 is the deuterium labeled Chlorzoxazone. Chlorzoxazone is a centrally acting muscle relaxant used to treat muscle spasm and the resulting pain or discomfort. It acts on the spinal cord by depressing reflexes.Chlorzoxazone is currently being used as a marker substrate in vitro/vivo studies to quantify cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activity in humans.
Chroman 1 is a highly potent and selective ROCK inhibitor. Chroman 1 is more potent against ROCK2 (IC50=1 pM) than ROCK1 (IC50=52 pM). Chroman 1 also has inhibitory activity against MRCK, with an IC50 of 150 nM .
BIP-135 is a potent and selective ATP-competitive GSK-3 inhibitor, with IC50s of 16 nM and 21 nM for GSK-3α and GSK-3β, respectively. BIP 135 exhibits neuroprotective effect .
Chroman 1 dihydrochloride is a highly potent and selective ROCK inhibitor. Chroman 1 dihydrochloride is more potent against ROCK2 (IC50=1 pM) than ROCK1 (IC50=52 pM).
Chroman 1 dihydrochloride also has inhibitory activity against MRCK, with an IC50 of 150 nM .
TTBK1-IN-2 (compound 29) is a potent Tau-Tubulin kinase (TTBK1) inhibitor with IC50s of 0.24 and 4.22 µM, respectively. TTBK1-IN-2 reveals good brain penetration in vivo and is able to reduce TDP-43 phosphorylation not only in cell cultures but also in the spinal cord of transgenic TDP-43 mice .
Ropivacaine mesylate is a long-acting amide local anaesthetic agent for a spinal block and effectively blocks neuropathic pain. Ropivacaine blocks impulse conduction via reversible inhibition of sodium ion influx in nerve fibressup>[1] . Ropivacaine is also an inhibitor of K2P (two-pore domain potassium channel) TREK-1 with an IC50 of 402.7 μM in COS-7 cell's membrane .
AA147 is a endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis regulator. AA147 promotes protection against oxidative damage in neuronal cells and prevents endothelial barrier dysfunction by activating ATF6 arm (selectively) of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the NRF2 oxidative stress response. AA147 can rebalances XBP1s expression in vivo, and also induces survival motor neuron (SMN) expression and spinal motorneuron (MN) protection .
SMN-C2, an analog of RG-7916, is a selective modulator of SMN2 gene splicing that acts by binding SMN2 pre-mRNA, thereby increasing far upstream element binding protein 1 (FUBP1) and KH-spliced RNA binding Protein affinity regulator protein (KHSRP) to the SMN2 pre-mRNA complex. SMN-C2 can be used in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) research .
Pep2m, myristoylated (Myr-Pep2m) is a cell-permeable peptide. Pep2m, myristoylated can disrupt the protein kinase ζ (PKMζ) downstream targets, N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor/glutamate receptor subunit 2 (NSF/GluR2) interactions. PKMζ is an autonomously active isozyme of protein kinase C (PKC) .
Pep2m, myristoylated TFA (Myr-Pep2m TFA) is a cell-permeable peptide. Pep2m, myristoylated TFA can disrupt the protein kinase ζ (PKMζ) downstream targets, N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor/glutamate receptor subunit 2 (NSF/GluR2) interactions. PKMζ is an autonomously active isozyme of protein kinase C (PKC) .
Hydralazine hydrochloride is an antihypertensive agent. Hydralazine hydrochloride can inhibit mitochondrial fission and human peritoneal mesothelial cell proliferation. Hydralazine hydrochloride has immunomodulation and anti-migratory effect. Hydralazine hydrochloride activates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and causes DNA damage .
A2764 dihydrochloride is a highly selective inhibitor of TRESK (TWIK-related spinal cord K + channel, K2P18.1), which has moderate inhibitory effects on TREK-1 and TALK-1. A2764 dihydrochloride is more sensitive to the activated mTRESK channels (IC50=6.8 μM) than the basal current. A2764 dihydrochloride can lead to cell depolarization and increased excitability in native cells, it has the potential for probing the role of TRESK channel in migraine and nociception .
Leteprinim potassium (AIT-082), a purine analog, is a neuroprotective agent and cognitive enhancer. Leteprinim potassium is a hypoxanthine derivative neurotrophic agent. Leteprinim potassium can induce brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA production following spinal cord lesions, and nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA production in basal forebrain. Leteprinim potassium reduces glutamate toxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons. Leteprinim potassium increases heme-oxygenase 1 and 2 mRNA levels that play role in cellular defense against reactive oxygen species .
Leteprinim (AIT-082 free acid), a purine analog, is a neuroprotective agent and cognitive enhancer. Leteprinim is a hypoxanthine derivative neurotrophic agent. Leteprinim can induce brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA production following spinal cord lesions, and nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA production in basal forebrain. Leteprinim reduces glutamate toxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons. Leteprinim increases heme-oxygenase 1 and 2 mRNA levels that play role in cellular defense against reactive oxygen species .
Silperisone hydrochloride is an organosilicone compound similar to tolperisone that has centrally acting muscle relaxant properties. Silperisone (hydrochloride) is a sodium channel protein type 2 alpha channel blocker that blocks sodium and calcium channels in cells, reduces muscle cell excitability and contraction, reduces peripheral tone, and acts as a muscle relaxant and peripheral vascular dilator. Silperisone (hydrochloride) is used to study recurrent painful myoclonus due to spinal cord injury, abnormal hypertonia due to cerebrovascular disease, myotonia symptoms, pyramidal tonia syndrome, multiple sclerosis myospasm, and myelitis .
Asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene found in Centella asiatica (Centella asiatica), has anticancer activity. Asiatic acid induces apoptosis in melanoma cells and has barrier protective effects on human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). Asiatic acid also has anti-inflammatory activity and inhibits tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. Asiatic acid also inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NF-κB pathway, effectively inhibits inflammation in rats, and has neuroprotective effects in rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model .
TAT-NEP1-40 acetate is a therapeutic candidate for axonal regeneration and functional recovery after stroke. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate can protect PC12 cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and promote neurite outgrowth. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate protects the brain against ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibition of neuronal apoptosis. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate can be efficiently delivered into the rat brains .
NMDA receptor antagonist 2 is a potent and orally active NR2B subtype-selective NMDA antagonist with an IC50 and a Ki of 1.0 nM and 0.88 nM, respectively. NMDA receptor antagonist 2 is used for the study of neuropathic pain and Parkinson’s disease .
N-Lignoceroyl Taurine is an arachidonoyl amino acid and taurine conjugate with a fatty acid that can be isolated from bovine brain. N-Lignoceroyl Taurine is one of several novel taurine-conjugated fatty acids discovered during mass spectrometry lipidomic analysis of the brain and spinal cord of wild-type and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) knockout mice. N-Lignoceroyl Taurine levels were 23-26-fold higher in FAAH -/- mice compared to wild-type mice, suggesting that FAAH utilizes N-Lignoceroyl Taurine as a substrate. However, in vitro experiments with purified FAAH showed that N-Lignoceroyl Taurine was hydrolyzed 2,000-fold slower in FAAH compared to oleoylethanolamide. N-Acyl Taurines with polyunsaturated acyl chains can activate members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) calcium channel family, including TRPV1 and TRPV4.
Nociceptin (1-7) is the N-terminal bioactive fragment of nociceptin (HY-P0183). Nociceptin (1-7) is a potent ORL1 (NOP) receptor agonist with antinociceptive activity. Nociceptin (1-7) combines with nociceptin reduces hyperalgesia in vivo .
Nociceptin (1-7) TFA is the N-terminal bioactive fragment of nociceptin (HY-P0183). Nociceptin (1-7) TFA is a potent ORL1 (NOP) receptor agonist with antinociceptive activity. Nociceptin (1-7) TFA combines with nociceptin reduces hyperalgesia in vivo .
Gadoterate meglumine (Gd-DOTA; P-449) is a non-specific paramagnetic gadolinium complex used as a contrast enhancer in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Gadoterate meglumine paramagnetics in MRI can change the uniformity of the local magnetic field, resulting in a shorter relaxation time for neighboring protons. Gadoterate meglumine's gadoterate ions combine with the ligand DOTA (1,4,7, 10-Tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N ",N "-tetraacetic acid) to form a stable complex. This stability helps prevent gadolinium ions from dissociating from the complex, thereby reducing potential toxicity. Gadoterate meglumine, as a contrast agent in MRI, is able to shorten the longitudinal relaxation time (T1) of tissue, resulting in a brighter signal in MRI images. Gadoterate meglumine can be used for the study of the central nervous system (such as the brain and spinal cord), abdominal, pelvic organs, breast, bone and joint imaging, angiography, and cardiac electrophysiology .
Pivanex (AN-9), a derivative of Butyric acid, is an orally active HDAC inhibitor. Pivanex down-regulates bcr-abl protein and enhances apoptosis. Pivanex has antimetastic and antiangiogenic properties .
LP-935509 is an orally active, potent, selective, ATP-competitive and brain-penetrant inhibitor of adaptor protein-2 associated kinase 1 (AAK1) with an IC50 of 3.3 nM and a Ki of 0.9 nM, respectively. LP-935509 is also a potent inhibitor of BIKE (IC50=14 nM) and a modest inhibitor of GAK (IC50=320 nM). LP-935509 shows antinociceptive activity. LP-935509 can be used for neuropathic pain and SARS-CoV-2 research .
Sulfo galactosylceramide (N-Nervonoyl Sulfatide; C24:1 Sulfatide) is a member of the sulfatide class of glycolipids. It is the predominate sulfatide species in mature myelin, and it accumulates at a higher rate than C24 3’-sulfo galactosylceramide in rat cerebellum from seven to 32 days of age when active myelination occurs. It interacts with C-type lectins and immunoglobulin-like receptors with the highest affinity for LMIR5. It induces production of MCP-1 in basophils but not mast cells and increases the activation of NFAT in a reporter assay via LMIR5. Sulfo galactosylceramide is an immunodominant species in myelin, is bound by CD1d in vitro, and increases proliferation in isolated mouse splenocytes. It reduces symptoms and increases survival in a mouse model of chronic relapsing-remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) when used at a dose of 20 μg. It also decreases the number of inflammatory lesions and infiltrating mononuclear cells in the lumbar spinal cord of EAE mice. As this product is derived from a natural source, there may be variations in the sphingoid backbone.
Emamectin B1a is a semisynthetic derivative of avermectin B1a. It binds to GABAA receptors (Ki=17.6 nM in rat brain membranes), including those containing β1, β2, or β3 subunits (IC50s=57, 210, and 49.8 nM for α1β1γ2, α1β2γ2, and α1β3γ2 subunits, respectively), and potentiates the GABA response.2 Emamectin B1a also binds to and inhibits glycine receptors (IC50=218 nM in rat spinal cord). Emamectin B1a induces mortality in 90% of S. exigua larvae in a diet incorporation assay at a dose of 1.067 ng/ml, which is approximately 1,500-fold more toxic than avermectin B1. It is effective against neonate S. eridania larvae in a foliage spray bioassay and when applied topically.
Neurodegenerative diseases are incurable and life-threatening conditions that result in progressive degeneration and/or death of nerve cells. Some common neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Parkinson’s Disease (PD), Motor Neuron Disease (MND), Huntington’s Disease (HD), Spino-Cerebellar Ataxia (SCA), Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Because the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders is generally poorly understood, it is difficult to identify promising molecular targets and validate them. At the same time, about 85% of the drugs fail in clinical trials. Therefore, validating new targets and discovering new drugs to mitigate neurodegenerative disorders is need of the hour.
MCE offers a unique collection of 2,288 compounds with anti-Neurodegenerative Diseases activities or targeting the unique targets of neurodegenerative diseases. MCE Neurodegenerative Disease-related Compound Library is a useful tool for exploring the mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases and discovering new drugs for neurodegenerative diseases.
Kyotorphin is an endogenou neuroactive dipeptide with analgesic properties. Kyotorphin possesses anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. Kyotorphin levels in cerebro-spinal fluid correlate negatively with the progression of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease patients .
Z-LEHD-FMK is a selective and irreversible inhibitor of caspase-9, protects against lethal reperfusion injury and attenuates apoptosis. Z-LEHD-FMK exhibits the neuroprotective effect in a rat model of spinal cord trauma .
Neuromedin B-30 is the neuropeptide, which is orignally isolated from porcine brain and spinal cord, and may exhibit activity in stimulating smooth-muscle .
PTPσ Inhibitor, ISP can bind to recombinant human PTPs and inhibits PTPσ signaling. PTPσ Inhibitor, ISP can penetrate the membrane and relieves the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG)-mediated axonal sprouting inhibition in spinal cord injury model. PTPσ Inhibitor, ISP enhances remyelination in LPC-induced demyelinated spinal cord. PTPσ Inhibitor, ISP also promotes oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) migration, maturation, remyelination, and functional recovery in animal models of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) .
Z-LEHD-FMK TFA is a selective and irreversible inhibitor of caspase-9, protects against lethal reperfusion injury and attenuates apoptosis. Z-LEHD-FMK TFA exhibits the neuroprotective effect in a rat model of spinal cord trauma .
Peptide5 TFA, a connexin 43 mimetic peptide, reduces animals swelling, astrogliosis, and neuronal cell death after spinal cord injury. Peptide5 TFA also inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome, and is an anti-inflammatory agent .
Neuromedin C porcine (GRP, 18-27, porcine) is a bombesin-like neuropeptide that can be obtained from porcine spinal cord. Neuromedin C porcine exhibits a potent contractile activity on rat uterus in the characteristic manner of bombesin. Neuromedin C porcine has research potential for neurological-related diseases .
C3bot(154-182) is a C3 peptide enhances recovery from spinal cord injury by improving regenerative growth of descending fiber tracts. C3bot(154-182) represents a promising tool to foster axonal protection and/or repair, as well as functional recovery after traumatic CNS injury .
C3bot(154-182) TFA is a C3 peptide enhances recovery from spinal cord injury by improving regenerative growth of descending fiber tracts. C3bot(154-182) TFA represents a promising tool to foster axonal protection and/or repair, as well as functional recovery after traumatic CNS injury .
Pep2m, myristoylated (Myr-Pep2m) is a cell-permeable peptide. Pep2m, myristoylated can disrupt the protein kinase ζ (PKMζ) downstream targets, N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor/glutamate receptor subunit 2 (NSF/GluR2) interactions. PKMζ is an autonomously active isozyme of protein kinase C (PKC) .
Pep2m, myristoylated TFA (Myr-Pep2m TFA) is a cell-permeable peptide. Pep2m, myristoylated TFA can disrupt the protein kinase ζ (PKMζ) downstream targets, N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor/glutamate receptor subunit 2 (NSF/GluR2) interactions. PKMζ is an autonomously active isozyme of protein kinase C (PKC) .
TAT-NEP1-40 acetate is a therapeutic candidate for axonal regeneration and functional recovery after stroke. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate can protect PC12 cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and promote neurite outgrowth. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate protects the brain against ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibition of neuronal apoptosis. TAT-NEP1-40 acetate can be efficiently delivered into the rat brains .
Nociceptin (1-7) is the N-terminal bioactive fragment of nociceptin (HY-P0183). Nociceptin (1-7) is a potent ORL1 (NOP) receptor agonist with antinociceptive activity. Nociceptin (1-7) combines with nociceptin reduces hyperalgesia in vivo .
Nociceptin (1-7) TFA is the N-terminal bioactive fragment of nociceptin (HY-P0183). Nociceptin (1-7) TFA is a potent ORL1 (NOP) receptor agonist with antinociceptive activity. Nociceptin (1-7) TFA combines with nociceptin reduces hyperalgesia in vivo .
MCE Exosome Isolation and Purification Kit provides a simple and effective method to isolate and purify intact exosomes from cerebro-spinal fluid, amniotic fluid, milk, saliva, etc, which can be used for electron microscope analysis, NTA analysis, WB, qPCR, etc.
Apitegromab (SRK-015) is an anti-promyostatin monoclonal antibody. Apitegromab can be used for the research of neuromuscular disease including spinal muscular atrophy .
Unasnemab (MT-3921) is a humanised IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds to repulsive guidance molecule A (RGMa). Unasnemab improves locomotor function and promotes neuroregeneration and can be used for the research of spinal cord injury .
Taldefgrobep alfa (BMS 986089; RG 6206; RO 7239361) is a potent inhibitory antibody targeting to human myostatin. Taldefgrobep alfa is a fusion protein composed of a human IgG1-Fc domain and Adnectin domain. Taldefgrobep alfa can be used for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) research .
Rehmannioside A is a neuroprotective agent that can be isolated from Rehmanniae radix. Rehmannioside A can inhibit the release of proinflammatory mediators from microglia and promote M2 polarization in vitro, thereby protecting co-cultured neurons from apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Rehmannioside A can be used in spinal cord injury research .
Paederosidic acid methyl ester is a ATP‐sensitive K + channel activator, isolated from P. scandens. Paederosidic acid methyl ester exhibits significant central analgesic activity, and enhances the threshold of pain by activating ATP‐sensitive K + channel in the brain and spinal cord level .
Agathisflavone is a flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiparasitic, cytotoxic, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities. Agathisflavone can improve tissue repair in a spinal cord injury model in rats .
Kyotorphin is an endogenou neuroactive dipeptide with analgesic properties. Kyotorphin possesses anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. Kyotorphin levels in cerebro-spinal fluid correlate negatively with the progression of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease patients .
Diosgenin glucoside, a saponin compound extracted from Trillium tschonoskii, provides neuroprotection by regulating microglial M1 polarization. Diosgenin glucoside protects against spinal cord injury by regulating autophagy and alleviating apoptosis .
CS-722 Free base is a synthesized centrally acting muscle relaxant, and has a muscle relaxant activity and depressant effectson the spinal reflex . CS-722 Free base inhibits spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents and excitatory postsynaptic currents in hippocampal cultures probably by an inhibition of both sodium and calcium currents .
Asiatic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene found in Centella asiatica (Centella asiatica), has anticancer activity. Asiatic acid induces apoptosis in melanoma cells and has barrier protective effects on human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). Asiatic acid also has anti-inflammatory activity and inhibits tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. Asiatic acid also inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and NF-κB pathway, effectively inhibits inflammation in rats, and has neuroprotective effects in rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model .
PDGF-DD protein is an important growth factor that controls embryonic development, cell proliferation, migration, survival and chemotaxis, and has a potent mitogenic effect on mesenchymal cells. It plays a key role in wound healing and has carcinogenic potential, contributing to tumor formation. PDGF-DD Protein, Mouse (His-SUMO) is the recombinant mouse-derived PDGF-DD protein, expressed by E. coli , with N-His, N-SUMO labeled tag. The total length of PDGF-DD Protein, Mouse (His-SUMO) is 347 a.a., with molecular weight of ~66 kDa.
Chlorzoxazone-d3 is the deuterium labeled Chlorzoxazone. Chlorzoxazone is a centrally acting muscle relaxant used to treat muscle spasm and the resulting pain or discomfort. It acts on the spinal cord by depressing reflexes.Chlorzoxazone is currently being used as a marker substrate in vitro/vivo studies to quantify cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) activity in humans.
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