Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids

Dehydromonocrotaline is a mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I NADH oxidase inhibitor, with a IC₅₀ of 62.06 μM and a K_i of 8.1 μM in rats. Dehydromonocrotaline exerts non-competitive inhibitory effects by modifying cysteine thiol groups on complex I, and does not bind to the NADH-binding site. Dehydromonocrotaline dissipates mitochondrial membrane potential and reduces ATP levels. Dehydromonocrotaline can be used in studies related to hepatotoxicity, pulmonary hypertension and liver tumors.

Pilsicainide hydrochloride (SUN-1165) is an orally active sodium channel blocker and potent class Ic antiarrhythmic agent.

(R)-Sophoramine ((R)-(-)-Sophoramine) is a natural alkaloid.

Echihumiline is an alkaloid targeting hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450). Echihumiline induces DNA cross-linking and oxidative stress in hepatocytes, leading to liver necrosis and fibrosis. Echihumiline is promising for research of liver diseases.

Echiumine, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, is a major dehydropyrrolizidine metabolite of Echium plantagineum. Echiumine has significant hepatotoxic activity and can persist intact from honey through to the resulting mead.

Lasiocarpine N-oxide is a natural compound with antitumor activity.

Jaconine N-oxide is a dechlorination product of Jacobine N-oxide (HY-N9511).

9-Angeloylretronecine is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid compound. 9-Angeloylretronecine can be used in natural product chemistry, plant secondary metabolites, and research on active ingredients of Boraginaceae plants. 9-Angeloylretronecine can be extracted from the whole plant methanol extract of Echium glomeratum (a plant of the Boraginaceae family).

Intermedine N-oxide is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid indicine that can be found in Crotalaria spectabilis. Intermedine N-oxide shows anticancer activity.