Tau Antibody (YA041)

Cytoplasm, cytosol; Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side; Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton; Cell projection, axon; Cell projection, dendrite; Secreted

Tissue_specificity:It is expressed in neurons. The PNS-tau subtype is expressed in the peripheral nervous system, while other subtypes are expressed in the central nervous system.

P10636 has 9 isomers: P10636-1: 78928 Da (predicted); P10636-2: 36760 Da (predicted); P10636-3: 32944 Da (predicted); P10636-4: 39720 Da (predicted); P10636-5: 42603 Da (predicted); P10636-6: 40007 Da (predicted); P10636-7: 42967 Da (predicted); P10636-8: 45850 Da (predicted); P10636-9: 80941 Da (predicted).
Phosphorylation at serine and threonine residues in S-P or T-P motifs by proline-directed protein kinases (PDPK1, CDK1, CDK5, GSK3, MAPK) (only 2-3 sites per protein in interphase, seven-fold increase in mitosis, and in the form associated with paired helical filaments (PHF-tau)), and at serine residues in K-X-G-S motifs by MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase (MARK1, MARK2, MARK3 or MARK4), causing detachment from microtubules, and their disassembly (PubMed:23666762, PubMed:7706316). Phosphorylation decreases with age. Phosphorylation within tau/MAP's repeat domain or in flanking regions seems to reduce tau/MAP's interaction with, respectively, microtubules or plasma membrane components (PubMed:7706316). Phosphorylation on Ser-610, Ser-622, Ser-641 and Ser-673 in several isoforms during mitosis. Phosphorylation at Ser-548 by GSK3B reduces ability to bind and stabilize microtubules. Phosphorylation at Ser-579 by BRSK1 and BRSK2 in neurons affects ability to bind microtubules and plays a role in neuron polarization. Phosphorylated at Ser-554, Ser-579, Ser-602, Ser-606 and Ser-669 by PHK. Phosphorylation at Ser-214 by SGK1 mediates microtubule depolymerization and neurite formation in hippocampal neurons. There is a reciprocal down-regulation of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation. Phosphorylation on Ser-717 completely abolishes the O-GlcNAcylation on this site, while phosphorylation on Ser-713 and Ser-721 reduces glycosylation by a factor of 2 and 4 respectively. Phosphorylation on Ser-721 is reduced by about 41.5% by GlcNAcylation on Ser-717. Dephosphorylated at several serine and threonine residues by the serine/threonine phosphatase PPP5C;Polyubiquitinated. Requires functional TRAF6 and may provoke SQSTM1-dependent degradation by the proteasome (By similarity). PHF-tau can be modified by three different forms of polyubiquitination. 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination is the major form, 'Lys-6'-linked and 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitination also occur;O-glycosylated. O-GlcNAcylation content is around 8.2%. There is reciprocal down-regulation of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation. Phosphorylation on Ser-717 completely abolishes the O-GlcNAcylation on this site, while phosphorylation on Ser-713 and Ser-721 reduces O-GlcNAcylation by a factor of 2 and 4 respectively. O-GlcNAcylation on Ser-717 decreases the phosphorylation on Ser-721 by about 41.5%;Glycation of PHF-tau, but not normal brain TAU/MAPT. Glycation is a non-enzymatic post-translational modification that involves a covalent linkage between a sugar and an amino group of a protein molecule forming ketoamine. Subsequent oxidation, fragmentation and/or cross-linking of ketoamine leads to the production of advanced glycation endproducts (AGES). Glycation may play a role in stabilizing PHF aggregation leading to tangle formation in AD

Interacts with MARK1, MARK2, MARK3 and MARK4 (PubMed:23666762). Interacts with PSMC2 through SQSTM1 (By similarity). Interacts with SQSTM1 when polyubiquitinated (PubMed:15953362). Interacts with FKBP4 (By similarity). Binds to CSNK1D (PubMed:14761950). Interacts with SGK1 (PubMed:16982696). Interacts with EPM2A; the interaction dephosphorylates MAPT at Ser-396 (PubMed:19542233). Interacts with PIN1 (PubMed:11313338). Interacts with LRRK2 (PubMed:26014385). Interacts with LRP1, leading to endocytosis; this interaction is reduced in the presence of LRPAP1/RAP (PubMed:32296178)

P10636

MAPT; MAPTL; MTBT1; TAU; Microtubule-associated protein tau; Neurofibrillary tangle protein; Paired helical filament-tau; PHF-tau

Neuroscience