Definition:

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is defined as a protrusion of abdominal viscera into the thorax through an abnormal opening or defect that is present at birth. CDH is often associated with potentially lethal lung hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension. Despite advances in therapy, mortality remains high. Although the etiology of most cases of CDH remains unknown, there is increasing evidence that specific pathways and genes play a role in the development of CDH. It has been reported that a patient who has nonsense mutation in FOG2/ ZFPM2, died at birth with a diaphragmatic defect and severe pulmonary hypoplasia.