Sterol O-acyltransferase 1

Definition:

Catalyzes the formation of fatty acid-cholesterol esters, which are less soluble in membranes than cholesterol. Plays a role in lipoprotein assembly and dietary cholesterol absorption. Utilizes oleoyl-CoA ((9Z)-octadecenoyl-CoA) preferentially as susbstrate: shows a higher activity towards an acyl-CoA substrate with a double bond at the delta-9 position (9Z) than towards saturated acyl-CoA or an unsaturated acyl-CoA with a double bond at the delta-7 (7Z) or delta-11 (11Z) positions.

References:

[1]. Tao Long, et al. Structure of nevanimibe-bound tetrameric human ACAT1. Nature. 2020 May;581(7808):339-343. [Content Brief]

[2]. Hongwu Qian, et al. Structural basis for catalysis and substrate specificity of human ACAT1. Nature. 2020 May;581(7808):333-338. [Content Brief]

[3]. Shaobo Wang, et al. Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase inhibits SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses by depleting membrane cholesterol. EMBO J. 2020 Nov 2;39(21):e106057. [Content Brief]

[4]. T Seo, et al. Differential modulation of ACAT1 and ACAT2 transcription and activity by long chain free fatty acids in cultured cells. Biochemistry. 2001 Apr 17;40(15):4756-62. [Content Brief]

[5]. Zhan-Yun Guo, et al. The active site His-460 of human acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 resides in a hitherto undisclosed transmembrane domain. J Biol Chem. 2005 Nov 11;280(45):37814-26. [Content Brief]

[6]. H Yang, et al. Functional expression of a cDNA to human acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase in yeast. Species-dependent substrate specificity and inhibitor sensitivity. J Biol Chem. 1997 Feb 14;272(7):3980-5. [Content Brief]

[7]. Sojin An, et al. A critical role for the histidine residues in the catalytic function of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase catalysis: evidence for catalytic difference between ACAT1 and ACAT2. FEBS Lett. 2006 May 15;580(11):2741-9. [Content Brief]

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