Cat. No.: HY-N0441

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Neferine

(Synonyms: (-)-Neferine)

15 Cited Publications

Customer Review

Based on 15 publication(s) in Google Scholar

Neferine is a major bisbenzylisoquinline alkaloid. Neferine strongly inhibits NF-κB activation.

For research use only. We do not sell to patients.

Purity: 99.92%
CAS No.: 2292-16-2
Formula: C₃₈H₄₄N₂O₆
Molecular Weight:624.77

Storage:

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Neferine Chemical Structure

CAS No.: 2292-16-2

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Top Publications Citing

Use of MCE Products

Fluorescent Dye

Strong Fluorescence Signal / Multi-Disciplinary Applications / High Fluorescence Specificity

Biological Activity
- Description
- IC₅₀ & Target
- Cellular Effect
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Chemical Information
Publications (15)
Solvent & Solubility
- In Vitro
- In Vivo
Protocol
Purity & Documentation
References
Help & FAQs
Classifications
Bioz

Biological Activity

Description

Neferine is a major bisbenzylisoquinline alkaloid. Neferine strongly inhibits NF-κB activation.

IC₅₀ & Target^[1]

p65

Autophagy

All NF-κB Isoforms :

Cellular Effect

Cell Line	Type	Value	Description	References
3T3-L1	IC₅₀	4.5 μM Compound: 8	Anti-adipogenic activity in mouse 3T3-L1 cells transfected with Lenti-PPARgamma-Luc reporter assessed as inhibition of PPARgamma expression by luminescence based microplate reader analysis Anti-adipogenic activity in mouse 3T3-L1 cells transfected with Lenti-PPARgamma-Luc reporter assessed as inhibition of PPARgamma expression by luminescence based microplate reader analysis	[PMID: 38483204]
ECa-109 cell line	IC₅₀	3794 nM Compound: NEF	Reversal of VCR -resistance in human Eca-109 cells assessed as cell viability at 5 uM incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 method (Rvb = 6830.0+/-537.0 nM) Reversal of VCR -resistance in human Eca-109 cells assessed as cell viability at 5 uM incubated for 48 hrs by CCK-8 method (Rvb = 6830.0+/-537.0 nM)	[PMID: 36892076]

In Vitro

Neferine down regulates hypoxia induced NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and COX-2 expressions^[1]. Neferine reduces high-glucose-induced collagen production and inhibits TGF-β1-Smad, ERK and p38 MAPK signaling activation in cardiac fibroblasts. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are cultured in HG medium with varying concentrations of Neferine (1, 2, or 5 μM). CCK-8 assays are carried out at different time points (24, 48, and 72 h). Compared with normal glucose (NG) and osmotic control (OC) treatments, High glucose (30 mM) treatment significantly increases the proliferation of CFs in a time-dependent manner (P<0.05). High glucose (HG)-induced CF proliferation is markedly attenuated by Neferine treatment at either 2 or 5 μM compared with vehicle treatment. However, 1 μM Neferine does not inhibit HG-induced proliferation of CFs. Therefore, 2 and 5 μM Neferine are used in the remaining experiments^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

In Vivo

Neferine treatment at both low-dose (60 mg/kg/day by gavage) and high-dose (120 mg/kg/day by gavage) reduces the increment of collagen I, III and TGF-β1 protein expression induced by hyperglycemia^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Chemical Information

CAS No. 2292-16-2
Appearance Solid
Molecular Weight 624.77
Formula C₃₈H₄₄N₂O₆
Color White to yellow
SMILES

OC1=CC=C(C[C@@H]2N(C)CCC3=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=C3)C=C1OC4=CC5=C(C=C4OC)CCN(C)[C@@H]5CC6=CC=C(OC)C=C6
Synonyms

(-)-Neferine
Structure Classification
- Alkaloids
- Alkaloid Dimers
- Phenols
- Monophenols
Initial Source
- Plants
- other families
Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage

4°C, protect from light

* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light)

Publications (15)

All Cell Proliferation/Viability AssayIFFlow CytometryApoptosis AnalysisIn Vivo Efficacy StudyWB

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Journal Impact Factor

Free Radic Biol Med

2026 Jul:250:517-534. PMID: 41936920
Int J Mol Med

Neferine promotes the apoptosis of HNSCC through the accumulation of p62/SQSTM1 caused by autophagic flux inhibition. [Abstract]

2021 Jul;48(1):124. PMID: 33982791

Neferine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Mol Med. 2021 Jul;48(1):124. [Abstract]

Histograms present the cell viabilities of HN6, HN30, and CAL27 cells following treatment with Neferine (0, 7.5, 15, 22.5, 30 μM).

Neferine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Mol Med. 2021 Jul;48(1):124. [Abstract]

Fluorescence images demonstrating ROS abundance following Neferine (10, 20 μM) treatment.

Neferine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Mol Med. 2021 Jul;48(1):124. [Abstract]

Flow cytometric analysis and histograms depicting ROS abundance in HNSCC cells treated with Neferine (5, 10 μM) for 24 h using the oxidation-sensitive fluorescent probe DCF.

Neferine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Mol Med. 2021 Jul;48(1):124. [Abstract]

Flow cytometric analysis of early and late apoptosis treated with Neferine (20 μM).

Neferine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Int J Mol Med. 2021 Jul;48(1):124. [Abstract]

Representative images of xenografts constructed by CAL27 cells, treated with vehicle or Neferine (10 mg/kg, i.p.).
Inflamm Res

Neferine inhibits LPS-ATP-induced endothelial cell pyroptosis via regulation of ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2019 Sep;68(9):727-738. PMID: 31172209
Inflammation

Neferine Attenuates HDM-Induced Allergic Inflammation by Inhibiting the Activation of Dendritic Cell. [Abstract]

2023 Dec;46(6):2433-2448. PMID: 37702907
Inflammation

Neferine Inhibits Expression of Inflammatory Mediators and Matrix Degrading Enzymes in IL-1β-Treated Rat Chondrocytes via Suppressing MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathways. [Abstract]

2020 Aug;43(4):1209-1221. PMID: 32488683

Neferine purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Inflammation. 2020 Aug;43(4):1209-1221. [Abstract]

Nef inhibits excess expression of COX-2 and iNOS in IL-1β-treated rat chondrocytes. Western blotting results of iNOS and COX-2.
Int J Mol Sci

Identification of Neferine as a DOR Agonist Activating Gi and Gz Signaling: In Silico and In Vitro Studies. [Abstract]

2026 Feb 23;27(4):2058. PMID: 41752194
Molecules

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Anti-Tumor Activity of Lotus-Derived Alkaloids in Breast Cancer. [Abstract]

2026 Mar 12;31(6):947. PMID: 41900047
J Cell Mol Med

Neferine suppresses autophagy-induced inflammation, oxidative stress and adipocyte differentiation in Graves' orbitopathy. [Abstract]

2021 Feb;25(4):1949-1957. PMID: 33443817
J Biochem Mol Toxicol

Neferine protected cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/oxygenation injury through SIRT1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. [Abstract]

2023 Aug;37(8):e23398. PMID: 37421224
Vet Microbiol

The Chinese medicine monomer Schisandrin C inhibits PRRSV infection by regulating the OGT-PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2026 May:316:110992. PMID: 41865607
J Mol Histol

Neferine induces cell growth inhibition and apoptosis via ROS-mediated activation of p38 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. [Abstract]

2025 Jul 31;56(4):246. PMID: 40742573
Connect Tissue Res

Neferine alleviates ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by enhancing osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via regulation of the p38MAPK pathway. [Abstract]

2024 May 16:1-12. PMID: 38753365
Int J Neurosci

Inhibition of NF-κB might enhance the protective role of roflupram on SH-SY5Y cells under amyloid β stimulation via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. [Abstract]

2020 May 7:1-11. PMID: 32314929
J Oncol

Neferine Exerts Ferroptosis-Inducing Effect and Antitumor Effect on Thyroid Cancer through Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 Inhibition. [Abstract]

2022 Jun 27:2022:7933775. PMID: 35794985
Oxid Med Cell Longev

Neferine Protects against Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage in Neonatal Rats by Suppressing NLRP3-Mediated Inflammasome Activation. [Abstract]

2021 May 8:2021:6654954. PMID: 34046147

Solvent & Solubility

In Vitro:

DMSO : 125 mg/mL (200.07 mM; Need ultrasonic; Hygroscopic DMSO has a significant impact on the solubility of product, please use newly opened DMSO)

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Preparing Stock Solutions

View the Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Concentration Solvent Mass

1 mg

5 mg

10 mg

Concentration

Solvent

Mass

1 mM

1.6006 mL

8.0029 mL

16.0059 mL

5 mM

0.3201 mL

1.6006 mL

3.2012 mL

10 mM

0.1601 mL

0.8003 mL

1.6006 mL

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (protect from light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.

Molarity Calculator

Mass (g) = Concentration (mol/L) × Volume (L) × Molecular Weight (g/mol)

Mass Mass

Concentration Concentration

Volume Volume

Molecular Weight Molecular Weight

Dilution Calculator

Concentration _(start) × Volume _(start) = Concentration _(final) × Volume _(final)

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In Vivo:

Select the appropriate dissolution method based on your experimental animal and administration route.

Stock Solution Working Solution

For the following dissolution methods, please ensure to first prepare a clear stock solution using an In Vitro approach and then sequentially add co-solvents:
To ensure reliable experimental results, the clarified stock solution can be appropriately stored based on storage conditions. As for the working solution for In Vivo experiments, it is recommended to prepare freshly and use it on the same day.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.

Protocol 1

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 40% PEG300 5% Tween-80 45% Saline

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.33 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown).

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 400 μL PEG300, and mix evenly; then add 50 μL Tween-80 and mix evenly; then add 450 μL Saline to adjust the volume to 1 mL.

Protocol 2

Add each solvent one by one: 10% DMSO 90% Corn Oil

Solubility: ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (3.33 mM); Clear solution

This protocol yields a clear solution of ≥ 2.08 mg/mL (saturation unknown). If the continuous dosing period exceeds half a month, please choose this protocol carefully.

Taking 1 mL working solution as an example, add 100 μL DMSO stock solution (20.8 mg/mL) to 900 μL Corn oil, and mix evenly.

In Vivo Dissolution Calculator

Please enter the basic information of animal experiments:

Dosage Dosage
mg/kg
Animal Weight (Per Animal) Animal Weight (Per Animal)
g
Dosing Volume (Per Animal) Dosing Volume (Per Animal)
μL
Number of Animals Number of Animals

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Recommended: Prepare an additional quantity of animals to account for potential losses during experiments.

Please enter your animal formula composition:

%
DMSO +

Recommended: Keep the proportion of DMSO in working solution below 2% if your animal is weak.
%
+
+
%
Tween-80 + +
%
Saline +

The co-solvents required include: DMSO, . All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE). , Tween 80. All of co-solvents are available by MedChemExpress (MCE).

Working solution concentration: 0.22 mg/mL

Protocol

Cell Assay^[2]

Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are isolated from neonatal mouse ventricular tissues. After starvation in serum-free medium for 24 h, CFs are incubated in DMEM containing 5.6 mM glucose (normal glucose; NG), 30 mM D-glucose (HG), 30 mM D-glucose plus 1 μM Neferine, 30 mM D-glucose plus 2 μM Neferine, 30 mM D-glucose plus 5 μM Neferine, and 5.6 mM glucose plus 27.5 mM mannose. Cells are harvested at 24 h, 48 h, and 72h. Cell proliferation is measured with the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and the Cell-LightTM EdU assay^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Animal Administration^[2]

Mice^[2]
Eight-week-old C57BL/6J male mice are used. Diabetes is induced by intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin dissolved in citrate buffer (pH 4.5) at 60 mg/kg body weight for five consecutive days. Control mice are injected with citrate buffer only. Whole blood glucose in mouse tail blood is detected with an Accu-Check Active glucometer. Mice with blood glucose concentrations higher than 18 mM are considered as diabetic animals and used in this study. The animals are randomly divided into four groups of eight animals each. Diabetic mice are divided into three groups: group 1, the diabetic control group (DM); group 2, which receive Neferine at a dose of 60 mg/kg/day (DM-NL); and group 3, which receive Neferine at a dose of 120 mg/kg/day (DM-NH). Neferine is administered twice per day by intragastric gavage for 12 weeks. Equivalent volumes of normal sodium are administered to the normal and DM control groups by gavage. Mice are anaesthetized and sacrificed at the end of the 12-week treatment^[2].

MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.

Purity & Documentation

Select Batch:

Purity: 99.98%

Assay: 99.98%

ee.: 99.98%

Data Sheet (279 KB)
SDS (396 KB)
- English - EN (396 KB)
- Français - FR (396 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (396 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (396 KB)
- Español - ES (396 KB)
- Swedish - SV (396 KB)
- Italian - IT (396 KB)
- Korean - KR (396 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (396 KB)
COA (2659 KB)
Elemental Analysis Report (2659 KB)
HNMR (2659 KB)
CNMR (2659 KB)
RP-HPLC (2659 KB)
NP-HPLC (2659 KB)
MS (2659 KB)
LCMS (2659 KB)
IR (2659 KB)
GC (2659 KB)
OR (2659 KB)
SDS-PAGE (2659 KB)
SEC-HPLC (2659 KB)
Other Report (2659 KB)
Handling Instructions (2659 KB)

References

[1]. Baskaran R, et al. Neferine prevents NF-κB translocation and protects muscle cells from oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by hypoxia. Biofactors. 2016 Jul 8;42(4):407-17. [Content Brief]

[2]. Liu X, et al. Neferine inhibits proliferation and collagen synthesis induced by high glucose in cardiac fibroblasts and reduces cardiac fibrosis in diabetic mice. Oncotarget. 2016 Sep 20;7(38):61703-61715. [Content Brief]

Help & FAQs

How should lyophilized recombinant proteins be reconstituted and stored?

1. Before opening the cap, centrifuge the vial at 13000 rpm for 20-30 seconds. This step will ensure that any lyophilized powder that may have adhered to the cap or walls is collected at the bottom of the vial, minimizing the risk of product loss.

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Optional Solvent	Concentration Solvent Mass	1 mg	5 mg	10 mg	25 mg
DMSO	1 mM	1.6006 mL	8.0029 mL	16.0059 mL	40.0147 mL
	5 mM	0.3201 mL	1.6006 mL	3.2012 mL	8.0029 mL
	10 mM	0.1601 mL	0.8003 mL	1.6006 mL	4.0015 mL
	15 mM	0.1067 mL	0.5335 mL	1.0671 mL	2.6676 mL
	20 mM	0.0800 mL	0.4001 mL	0.8003 mL	2.0007 mL
	25 mM	0.0640 mL	0.3201 mL	0.6402 mL	1.6006 mL
	30 mM	0.0534 mL	0.2668 mL	0.5335 mL	1.3338 mL
	40 mM	0.0400 mL	0.2001 mL	0.4001 mL	1.0004 mL
	50 mM	0.0320 mL	0.1601 mL	0.3201 mL	0.8003 mL
	60 mM	0.0267 mL	0.1334 mL	0.2668 mL	0.6669 mL
	80 mM	0.0200 mL	0.1000 mL	0.2001 mL	0.5002 mL
	100 mM	0.0160 mL	0.0800 mL	0.1601 mL	0.4001 mL

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Neferine

Apoptosis Compound Library

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Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Neferine

All NF-κB Isoforms

Biological Activity

Chemical Information

Publications (15)

Solvent & Solubility

Protocol

Purity & Documentation

References

Help & FAQs

Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table

Neferine Related Classifications

HY-N0441 Related Classifications