Melittin TFA
Based on 17 publication(s) in Google Scholar
Melittin TFA is a PLA2 activator, stimulates the activity of the low molecular weight PLA2, while it does not the increase activity of the high molecular weight PLA2.
For research use only. We do not sell to patients.
- Purity: 99.85%
- Formula: C132H230F3N39O33
- Molecular Weight:2960.48
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Storage:
Sealed storage, away from moisture and light.
Powder -80°C, 2 years , -20°C, 1 year* In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
To place orders, for customer services and technical support, please contact: MedChemExpress USA
Tel: 609-228-6898 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
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Solvent & Solubility
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Publications Citing Use of MedChemExpress (MCE) Melittin TFA
More- Cell Rep Med. 2025 Aug 19;6(8):102254. [Abstract]
- J Exp Med. 2022 May 2;219(5):e20212414. [Abstract]
- Cancer Lett. 2022 May 28;534:215615. [Abstract]
- Adv Healthc Mater. 2025 Apr;14(9):e2400543. [Abstract]
- Phytomedicine. 2025 Jan 2:137:156367. [Abstract]
- Bioorg Chem. 2026 Jul 5:175:109788. [Abstract]
- Front Microbiol. 2020 Jul 31:11:1720. [Abstract]
- FASEB J. 2020 Nov;34(11):14892-14904. [Abstract]
- J Chromatogr A. 2025 Nov 22:1763:466460. [Abstract]
- J Integr Med. 2023 Jan;21(1):106-115. [Abstract]
- Heliyon. 2024 Jan 6;10(1):e24239. [Abstract]
- J Appl Microbiol. 2024 Jan 2;135(1):lxae001. [Abstract]
- J Pharm Pharmacol. 2023 Apr 17;75(5):645-654. [Abstract]
- Free Radic Res. 2022 May-Jun;56(5-6):398-410. [Abstract]
- Brain Res. 2026 Sep 15:1887:150388. [Abstract]
- Prostate. 2023 Nov;83(15):1430-1445. [Abstract]
- PeerJ. 2018 Jul 25:6:e5369. [Abstract]
Customer Validation & Images
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Cell Proliferation/Viability Assay
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Cell Imaging/Staining
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Flow Cytometry
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WB
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In Vivo Efficacy Study
All Phospholipase Isoforms
More
Biological Activity
PLA2[1]
Melittin, an immunologically related PLA2 stimulating peptide from bee venom, increases the activity of the high molecular weight enzyme[1]. Melittin is a cytotoxic peptide from bee venom. Melittin exhibits toxicity against both A2780CR and A2780 cells, with IC50 values of 4.5 and 6.8 μg/mL, respectively. Melittin has natural anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory properties. It has also been shown to have diverse anticancer effects in several different cancer cell lines including those of gastric, breast, ovarian, liver, prostate, cervical, and lung origins. The mechanisms by which Melittin, an amphipathic haemolytic peptide, exerts its potential anticancer effects include inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and direct necrosis. Melittin can also prevent EGF-induced cell invasion through its inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, but this is primarily related to breast cancer cells[2].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
Chemical Information
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Appearance Solid
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Molecular Weight 2960.48
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Formula C132H230F3N39O33
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Color White to off-white
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Sequence
Gly-Ile-Gly-Ala-Val-Leu-Lys-Val-Leu-Thr-Thr-Gly-Leu-Pro-Ala-Leu-Ile-Ser-Trp-Ile-Lys-Arg-Lys-Arg-Gln-Gln-NH2
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Sequence Shortening
GIGAVLKVLTTGLPALISWIKRKRQQ-NH2
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Sealed storage, away from moisture and light
Powder -80°C 2 years -20°C 1 year * In solvent : -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light)
Publications (17)
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Journal Impact Factor
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Most Recent
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Cell Rep Med
2025 Aug 19;6(8):102254. PMID: 40713970 -
J Exp Med
EP3 enhances adhesion and cytotoxicity of NK cells toward hepatic stellate cells in a murine liver fibrosis model. [Abstract]2022 May 2;219(5):e20212414. PMID: 35420633 -
Cancer Lett
Therapeutic targeting m6A-guided miR-146a-5p signaling contributes to the melittin-induced selective suppression of bladder cancer. [Abstract]2022 May 28;534:215615. PMID: 35278613 -
Adv Healthc Mater
Microneedle Assisted Melittin-Chondroitin Sulfate Administration for the Transdermal Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis. [Abstract]2025 Apr;14(9):e2400543. PMID: 39972637
Melittin TFA purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Healthc Mater. 2025 Apr;14(9):e2400543. [Abstract]
Melittin (1 μg/mL) alleviated the acute toxicity of MC complexes for FLS within 1 h.
Melittin TFA purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Healthc Mater. 2025 Apr;14(9):e2400543. [Abstract]
Melittin (1 μg/mL). Holes in the cell membrane of FLS cultured with MC complexes decreased at 1 h, as observed by SEM.
Melittin TFA purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Healthc Mater. 2025 Apr;14(9):e2400543. [Abstract]
The apoptosis ratio of FLS cultured with MC complexes at 4 h was increased by FCM. Melittin was used at 1 μg/mL.
Melittin TFA purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Healthc Mater. 2025 Apr;14(9):e2400543. [Abstract]
Reduced expression of pIKKβ and pp65 in FLS cultured with MC complexes at 24 h was observed by WB with Melittin (1 μg/mL).
Melittin TFA purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: Adv Healthc Mater. 2025 Apr;14(9):e2400543. [Abstract]
The diffuse FITC-MEL in the paw skin after FITC-MC@CSMA-MNPs attachment was observed. Scale bars represented 100 μm. CCMNPs were loaded with FITC-labeled MEL and CS (FITC-MC complexes).
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Phytomedicine
Melittin suppresses ovarian cancer growth by regulating SREBP1-mediated lipid metabolism. [Abstract]2025 Jan 2:137:156367. PMID: 39798341 -
Bioorg Chem
UM-6 remodels the tumor immune microenvironment by blocking PD-L1 N-glycosylation and promoting ERAD-mediated degradation in cervical cancer. [Abstract]2026 Jul 5:175:109788. PMID: 41916036 -
Front Microbiol
Repurposing Antispasmodic Agent Otilonium Bromide for Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Infections. [Abstract]2020 Jul 31:11:1720. PMID: 32849366 -
FASEB J
Inhibition of α1-adrenoceptor reduces TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and attenuates UUO-induced renal fibrosis in mice. [Abstract]2020 Nov;34(11):14892-14904. PMID: 32939891 -
J Chromatogr A
2025 Nov 22:1763:466460. PMID: 41108825 -
J Integr Med
The use of melittin to enhance transgene expression mediated by recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 2 vectors both in vitro and in vivo. [Abstract]2023 Jan;21(1):106-115. PMID: 36333178 -
Heliyon
Proteins extracted from pearl oyster (Pinctada martensii) with efficient accelerated wound healing in vitro through promoting cell proliferation, migration, and collagen formation. [Abstract]2024 Jan 6;10(1):e24239. PMID: 38234916 -
J Appl Microbiol
Insights into the antimicrobial effects of tafenoquine against enterococcus and its biofilms. [Abstract]2024 Jan 2;135(1):lxae001. PMID: 38178639 -
J Pharm Pharmacol
Melittin treatment prevents colorectal cancer from progressing in mice through ER stress-mediated apoptosis. [Abstract]2023 Apr 17;75(5):645-654. PMID: 36966363
Melittin TFA purchased from MedChemExpress. Usage Cited in: J Pharm Pharmacol. 2023 Apr 17;75(5):645-654. [Abstract]
Melittin (2.5, 5, 10 μg/mL; 48 h) downregulates the expression of Bcl-2, and increases the levels of the pro-apoptotic molecules Bax and cyt-c, in SW480 cells.
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Free Radic Res
2022 May-Jun;56(5-6):398-410. PMID: 36194238 -
Brain Res
In vivo evaluation of the neuroprotective effects of melittin on doxorubicin-induced acute and chronic neurotoxicity in mice. [Abstract]2026 Sep 15:1887:150388. PMID: 42142863 -
Prostate
Melittin inhibits tumor cell migration and enhances cisplatin sensitivity by suppressing IL-17 signaling pathway gene LCN2 in castration-resistant prostate cancer. [Abstract]2023 Nov;83(15):1430-1445. PMID: 37517867 -
PeerJ
A novel cecropin B-derived peptide with antibacterial and potential anti-inflammatory properties. [Abstract]2018 Jul 25:6:e5369. PMID: 30065898
Solvent & Solubility
H2O : ≥ 50 mg/mL (16.89 mM)
* "≥" means soluble, but saturation unknown.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
For the following dissolution methods, please prepare the working solution directly:
It is recommended to prepare fresh solutions and use them promptly within a short period of time.
The percentages shown for the solvents indicate their volumetric ratio in the final prepared solution. If precipitation or phase separation occurs during preparation, heat and/or sonication can be used to aid dissolution.
Add each solvent one by one: PBS
Solubility: 50 mg/mL (16.89 mM); Clear solution; Need ultrasonic
Purity & Documentation
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Data Sheet (280 KB)
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SDS (252 KB)
- English - EN (252 KB)
- Français - FR (252 KB)
- Deutsch - DE (252 KB)
- Norwegian - NO (252 KB)
- Español - ES (252 KB)
- Swedish - SV (252 KB)
- Italian - IT (252 KB)
- Korean - KR (252 KB)
- Portuguese - PT (252 KB)
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Handling Instructions (2659 KB)
References
[1]. Steiner MR, et al. Responses of purified phospholipases A2 to phospholipase A2 activating protein (PLAP) and Melittin. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Feb 10;1166(1):124-30. [Content Brief]
[2]. Alonezi S, et al. Metabolomic Profiling of the Effects of Melittin on Cisplatin Resistant and Cisplatin Sensitive Ovarian Cancer Cells Using Mass Spectrometry and Biolog Microarray Technology. Metabolites. 2016 Oct 13;6(4). pii: E35. [Content Brief]
Complete Stock Solution Preparation Table
Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent. Once prepared, please aliquot and store the solution to prevent product inactivation from repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
Storage method and period of stock solution: -80°C, 6 months; -20°C, 1 month (sealed storage, away from moisture and light). When stored at -80°C, please use it within 6 months. When stored at -20°C, please use it within 1 month.
| Optional Solvent | Concentration Solvent Mass | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | 25 mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H2O | 1 mM | 0.3378 mL | 1.6889 mL | 3.3778 mL | 8.4446 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.0676 mL | 0.3378 mL | 0.6756 mL | 1.6889 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0338 mL | 0.1689 mL | 0.3378 mL | 0.8445 mL | |
| 15 mM | 0.0225 mL | 0.1126 mL | 0.2252 mL | 0.5630 mL |
* Note: If you choose water as the stock solution, please dilute it to the working solution, then filter and sterilize it with a 0.22 μm filter before use.
Melittin TFA Related Classifications
HY-P0233A Related Classifications
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