Gangliotetraose
Gangliotetraose (Gg4) is a tetrasccharide, exhibits major components including GM1 and its sialylated derivatives. GM1 facilitates efflux of nuclear Ca2+ and reduces the level of nuclear Ca2+ that characterizes the differentiated neuron. GM1 affects neuronal plasticity and repair mechanisms, as well as neurotrophin release in the brain.
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- CAS No.: 75645-24-8
- Formula: C26H45NO21
- Molecular Weight:707.63
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Storage:
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
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Biological Activity
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Chemical Information
- Purity & Documentation
- References
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Help & FAQs
Biological Activity
Gangliotetraose (GM1) (10 μM; 1 h) increases the viability of pheochromocytoma PC12 cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (1 mM; 2 h) and diminishes the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative inactivation of Na+, K+-ATPase[3].
Gangliotetraose (GM1) (100 nM and 10 μM; ) increases the basal activity of Akt and ERK1/2, without changing Akt activity in PC12 cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide[3].
Gangliotetraose (GM1) (50 μM; 24 h) binds the midportion of Aβ to produce Aβ oligomers, GM1 bound Aβ (GAβ). GAβ is endogenously generated in the brain and accelerates Aβ assembly by acting as a seed[4].
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Cell Line:Rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells
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Concentration:1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM, 1 μM, 10 μM, 50 μM
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Incubation Time:1 hour (preincubation); started 24 h after the transfer of the cells to the plates; exposed to 1 mM H2O2 for 2 h later
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Result:Showed protective effect (rescue rates, %) on PC12 cells exposed to H2O2 in a dose-dependent manner.
The rescue rates ranged from 2.7% to 76% with concentration of 1 nM-50 μM.
MedChemExpress (MCE) has not independently confirmed the accuracy of these methods. They are for reference only.
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Animal Model:Unilateral semi-transection model in Sprague-Dawley rats (170-190 g)[5]
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Dosage:5 mg/kg; 30 mg/kg
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Administration:Intraperitoneal injection; 5, 11, 42, 73 days; started on day 2 after surgery and finished 24 h before sacrifice
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Result:Increased the Vmax of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the lesioned side starting on day 14 dose-dependently with 73% (5 mg/kg/d) and 85% (30 mg/kg/d) of that of the unlesioned side, respectively.
Chemical Information
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CAS No. 75645-24-8
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Molecular Weight 707.63
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Formula C26H45NO21
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SMILES
CC(N[C@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)CO)O)O[C@@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]2O)O)O)CO)[C@@H]1O[C@H]3[C@H](O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]([C@H](O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O)CO)=O
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Synonyms
Gg4
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Structure Classification
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Initial Source
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Shipping
Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
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Storage
Please store the product under the recommended conditions in the Certificate of Analysis.
Purity & Documentation
References
[1]. Okada H, et al. Complement-mediated cytolysis and azidothymidine are synergistic in HIV-1 suppression. Int Immunol. 1998 Jan;10(1):91-5. [Content Brief]
[2]. Ledeen RW, et al. The role of GM1 and other gangliosides in neuronal differentiation. Overview and new finding. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998 Jun 19;845:161-75. [Content Brief]
[3]. Zakharova IO, et al. GM1 ganglioside activates ERK1/2 and Akt downstream of Trk tyrosine kinase and protects PC12 cells against hydrogen peroxide toxicity. Neurochem Res. 2014 Nov;39(11):2262-75. [Content Brief]
[4]. Toffano G, et al. GM1 ganglioside stimulates the regeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system. Brain Res. 1983 Feb 14;261(1):163-6. [Content Brief]
Calculators
Concentration (start) × Volume (start) = Concentration (final) × Volume (final)
Gangliotetraose Related Classifications
HY-N10512 Related Classifications
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